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Rabiei M, Soori T, Abiri A, Farsi Z, Shizarpour A, Pirjani R. Maternal and fetal effects of COVID-19 virus on a complicated triplet pregnancy: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2021; 15:87. [PMID: 33602315 PMCID: PMC7890395 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-020-02643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the global pandemic that has spread throughout the world, is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Given the limited scientific evidence on the manifestations and potential impact of this virus on pregnancy, we decided to report this case. CASE PRESENTATION The patient was a 38 year-old Iranian woman with a triplet pregnancy and a history of primary infertility, as well as hypothyroidism and gestational diabetes. She was hospitalized at 29 weeks and 2 days gestational age due to elevated liver enzymes, and finally, based on a probable diagnosis of gestational cholestasis, she was treated with ursodeoxycholic acid. On the first day of hospitalization, sonography was performed, which showed that biophysical scores and amniotic fluid were normal in all three fetuses, with normal Doppler findings in two fetuses and increased umbilical artery resistance (pulsatility index [PI] > 95%) in one fetus. On day 4 of hospitalization, she developed fever, cough and myalgia, and her COVID-19 test was positive. Despite mild maternal symptoms, exacerbated placental insufficiency occurred in two of the fetuses leading to the rapid development of absent umbilical artery end-diastolic flow. Finally, 6 days later, the patient underwent cesarean section due to rapid exacerbation of placental insufficiency and declining biophysical score in two of the fetuses. Nasopharyngeal swab COVID-19 tests were negative for the first and third babies and positive for the second baby. The first and third babies died 3 and 13 days after birth, respectively, due to collapsed white lung and sepsis. The second baby was discharged in good general condition. The mother was discharged 3 days after cesarean section. She had no fever at the time of discharge and was also in good general condition. CONCLUSIONS This was a complicated triplet pregnancy, in which, after maternal infection with COVID-19, despite mild maternal symptoms, exacerbated placental insufficiency occurred in two of the fetuses, and the third fetus had a positive COVID-19 test after birth. Therefore, in cases of pregnancy with COVID-19 infection, in addition to managing the mother, it seems that physicians would be wise to also give special attention to the possibility of acute placental insufficiency and subsequent fetal hypoxia, and also the probability of vertical transmission.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- COVID-19/complications
- COVID-19/physiopathology
- Cesarean Section
- Cholestasis, Intrahepatic
- Diabetes, Gestational
- Female
- Fetal Hypoxia/etiology
- Fetal Hypoxia/physiopathology
- Hemorrhage
- Hospitalization
- Humans
- Hypothyroidism/complications
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature
- Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
- Iran
- Lung Diseases
- Male
- Middle Cerebral Artery/diagnostic imaging
- Neonatal Sepsis
- Placental Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging
- Placental Insufficiency/etiology
- Placental Insufficiency/physiopathology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/physiopathology
- Pregnancy Trimester, Third
- Pregnancy, Triplet
- Pulsatile Flow
- SARS-CoV-2
- Severity of Illness Index
- Ultrasonography, Doppler
- Ultrasonography, Prenatal
- Umbilical Arteries/diagnostic imaging
- Vascular Resistance
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rabiei
- Arash Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1416753955, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Soori
- Arash Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1416753955, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amene Abiri
- Arash Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1416753955, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Farsi
- Arash Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1416753955, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reihaneh Pirjani
- Arash Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1416753955, Tehran, Iran.
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Pirjani R, Hosseini R, Soori T, Rabiei M, Hosseini L, Abiri A, Moini A, Shizarpour A, Razani G, Sepidarkish M. Maternal and neonatal outcomes in COVID-19 infected pregnancies: a prospective cohort study. J Travel Med 2020; 27:5901884. [PMID: 32889551 PMCID: PMC7499693 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the large number of pregnant women with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is not enough analytical study to compare maternal and fetal consequences of COVID-19 infected with non-infected pregnancies. This cohort study aimed to compare maternal and fetal consequences of COVID-19 infected with non-infected pregnancies. METHODS We included pregnant women with and without COVID-19 who were admitted to Arash Hospital in Tehran, Iran, from 1 March to 1 September 2020. Clinical features, treatments, and maternal and fetal outcomes were assessed. RESULTS A total of 199 women enrolled, including 66 COVID-19 infected and 133 non-infected pregnant women prospectively. Caesarean section was carried out in total 105 women (52.76%). A significant difference was found in term of delivery type between COVID-19 infected and non-infected pregnant women [adjusted risk ratio (aRR): 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.65, P = 0.024]. No significant association was found between COVID-19 infection and preterm birth (aRR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.54, 2.48, P = 0.689), low birth weight (aRR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.55, 2.31, P = 0.723), gestational diabetes (aRR: 1.67, 95% CI: 0.81, 3.42, P = 0.160), pre-eclampsia (aRR: 2.02, 95% CI: 0.42, 6.78, P = 0.315), intrauterine growth restriction (aRR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.02, 1.86, P = 0.145), preterm rupture of membrane (aRR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.02, 2.20, P = 0.186), stillbirth (aRR: 1.41, 95% CI: 0.08, 18.37, P = 0.614), postpartum haemorrhage (aRR: 1.84, 95% CI: 0.39, 8.63, P = 0.185), neonatal intensive care unit (ICU) admission (aRR: 1.84, 95% CI: 0.77, 4.39, P = 0.168) and neonatal sepsis (aRR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.48, 1.48, P = 0.568). The percentage of patients (4/66, 6.06%) being admitted to the ICU was significantly higher than the control group (0%) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Basically, although pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were not significantly different, the need for ICU care for pregnant women with COVID-19 was significantly higher compared with those without COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Pirjani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Hosseini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Soori
- Department of Infectious Disease, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rabiei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Hosseini
- Research Development Center, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Abiri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Breast Disease Research Center (BDRC), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arshia Shizarpour
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazal Razani
- School of medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Markazi Province, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Pirjani R, Soori T, Dehpour AR, Sepidarkish M, Moini A, Shizarpour A, Mohammad Jafari R. Effect of hydroxychloroquine on prevention of COVID-19 virus infection among healthcare professionals: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:467. [PMID: 32493447 PMCID: PMC7267750 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Comparison of the effect of hydroxychloroquine with placebo to prevent infection from the COVID -19 virus among healthcare professionals TRIAL DESIGN: Single centre, 2-arm, double-blind randomised (ratio 1:1) placebo-controlled trial PARTICIPANTS: Treatment staff who are in contact with patients and have at least 3 shifts a week in Arash hospital affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences, in Iran and who consent to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria include: History of COVID -19 virus infection, clinical symptoms such as fever, nausea, dyspnea and myalgia in the past two months, history of underlying diseases hypersensitivity to hydroxychloroquine and G6PD enzyme deficiency. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR Intervention group: Hydroxychloroquine 200 mg tablet of Amin Pharmaceutical. CONTROL GROUP placebo which is completely similar in form and taste to 200 mg hydroxychloroquine tablet and is manufactured by the same factory (Amin Pharmacy). The dosage is two tablets daily, once a week for one to three months (based on the duration of the Coronavirus epidemic in Tehran). MAIN OUTCOMES Confirmed COVID-19 virus infection using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test is the primary outcome. The time period for measuring the primary outcome is any infection within the trial period up to one month after taking the last dose. RANDOMISATION The randomized block allocation method was developed using Stata version 15 software by an independent researcher, using a block size of six. Allocation to the two treatment groups will be conducted by this researcher using paper labels (random 10-digit codes) in a 1:1 ratio t The labels will be attached to the drug packages in order of randomization. Drug packages will be arranged in a box according to the randomization list. BLINDING (MASKING) Participants and caregivers are blinded to group assignment and the data will be analyzed by an independent statistical expert who is unaware of the treatment allocation. NUMBERS TO BE RANDOMISED (SAMPLE SIZE) A total of 282 participants will be randomised with 141 participants the Hydroxychloroquineeach intervention group and 141 participants to the placebo control group TRIAL STATUS: The protocol version number is 99-1-101-47091 and the approval ID is IR.TUMS.VCR.REC.1399.001 and recruitment began April 7, 2020, and is anticipated to be complete by August 7, 2020. TRIAL REGISTRATION The name of the trial register is Iranian registry of clinical trial (IRCT), registration number is IRCT20120826010664N6, date of trial registration is April 7, 2020, FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Pirjani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tahereh Soori
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Arash Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, TUMS, Tehan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arshia Shizarpour
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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