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Biehl K, Rogovskyy AS, Jeffery N, Douglas P, Thieman Mankin KM. Influence of closed glove exchange on bacterial contamination of the hands of the surgical team. Vet Surg 2023; 52:747-755. [PMID: 37080898 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if closed glove exchange (CGE) increases hand contamination. STUDY DESIGN Prospective experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION Surgical teams participating in 65 individual surgical procedures were included, resulting in 200 individual enrollments. METHODS At the completion of surgery, gloves were removed and hands were swabbed. The inside of the gown cuff was swabbed. Each participant regloved, using a closed gloving technique. The new gloves were removed, and hands were swabbed for culture a second time. Swabs underwent standard bacterial culture. RESULTS Before glove exchange, or baseline, contamination was found on 17/200 dominant hands and 13/200 nondominant hands. After performing CGE, contamination was found on 14/200 and 15/200 dominant and nondominant hands, respectively. No difference was detected between the number of CFUs cultured from a surgeon's hands before CGE and the number of CFUs cultured from a surgeon's hands post-CGE (one sided sign test, p = .61). Twelve (12) different bacterial species were identified, the most common were Staphylococcus spp. (97/154; 63%). CONCLUSION Closed glove exchange did not increase bacterial hand contamination over baseline levels. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE We found no evidence to support discontinuing CGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Biehl
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Artem S Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Nicholas Jeffery
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Pamela Douglas
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Kelley M Thieman Mankin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Neumann N, Solis SAF, Crawford S, Rogovskyy AS. Are multiple blood cultures advantageous for canine patients? J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:332-335. [PMID: 36942448 PMCID: PMC10185998 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231164095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful treatment of bacteremic patients depends largely on timely detection of blood-borne pathogens. Failure to detect an infection and/or contamination of blood samples can substantially delay the proper treatment. To increase the detection rate of blood-borne pathogens, well-established guidelines on blood collection and processing have been practiced in human medicine. Investigations involving human blood cultures have shown that the multiple blood sample approach significantly improves the detection rate of bacterial pathogens in the blood. Unfortunately, veterinary-specific blood culture guidelines have not been defined. Therefore, we compared detection rates of blood-borne pathogens between single and multiple blood culture approaches in a retrospective study of the clinical data from canine blood culture cases. We analyzed the data that had been collected over ~6 y and 8 mo from 177 dogs admitted to a veterinary medical teaching hospital. The triple blood culture approach increased the detection rate of blood-borne pathogens by 19.5% compared to single sampling. The optimal timing between multiple sample collections remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanel Neumann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sindi Alesia Flores Solis
- Clinical Veterinary Microbiology Laboratory, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Scott Crawford
- Department of Statistics, College of Science, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Artem S. Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Clinical Veterinary Microbiology Laboratory, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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3
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Gaber AM, Mandric I, Nitirahardjo C, Piontkivska H, Hillhouse AE, Threadgill DW, Zelikovsky A, Rogovskyy AS. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Peromyscus leucopus and C3H mice infected with the Lyme disease pathogen. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1115350. [PMID: 37113133 PMCID: PMC10126474 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1115350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease (LD), the most prevalent tick-borne disease of humans in the Northern Hemisphere, is caused by the spirochetal bacterium of Borreliella burgdorferi (Bb) sensu lato complex. In nature, Bb spirochetes are continuously transmitted between Ixodes ticks and mammalian or avian reservoir hosts. Peromyscus leucopus mice are considered the primary mammalian reservoir of Bb in the United States. Earlier studies demonstrated that experimentally infected P. leucopus mice do not develop disease. In contrast, C3H mice, a widely used laboratory strain of Mus musculus in the LD field, develop severe Lyme arthritis. To date, the exact tolerance mechanism of P. leucopus mice to Bb-induced infection remains unknown. To address this knowledge gap, the present study has compared spleen transcriptomes of P. leucopus and C3H/HeJ mice infected with Bb strain 297 with those of their respective uninfected controls. Overall, the data showed that the spleen transcriptome of Bb-infected P. leucopus mice was much more quiescent compared to that of the infected C3H mice. To date, the current investigation is one of the few that have examined the transcriptome response of natural reservoir hosts to Borreliella infection. Although the experimental design of this study significantly differed from those of two previous investigations, the collective results of the current and published studies have consistently demonstrated very limited transcriptomic responses of different reservoir hosts to the persistent infection of LD pathogens. Importance The bacterium Borreliella burgdorferi (Bb) causes Lyme disease, which is one of the emerging and highly debilitating human diseases in countries of the Northern Hemisphere. In nature, Bb spirochetes are maintained between hard ticks of Ixodes spp. and mammals or birds. In the United States, the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, is one of the main Bb reservoirs. In contrast to humans and laboratory mice (e.g., C3H mice), white-footed mice rarely develop clinical signs (disease) despite being (persistently) infected with Bb. How the white-footed mouse tolerates Bb infection is the question that the present study has attempted to address. Comparisons of genetic responses between Bb-infected and uninfected mice demonstrated that, during a long-term Bb infection, C3H mice reacted much stronger, whereas P. leucopus mice were relatively unresponsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhussien M. Gaber
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Igor Mandric
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Caroline Nitirahardjo
- Department of Biological Sciences, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Helen Piontkivska
- Department of Biological Sciences, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Andrew E. Hillhouse
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomics Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - David W. Threadgill
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomics Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Alex Zelikovsky
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Artem S. Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Elias L, Hearn AJM, Blazier JC, Rogovska YV, Wang J, Li S, Liu S, Nebogatkin IV, Rogovskyy AS. The Microbiota of Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus Ticks Collected from a Highly Populated City of Eastern Europe. Microb Ecol 2022; 84:1072-1086. [PMID: 34767049 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations have examined, through sequencing the V6 region of 16S rRNA gene, the microbiota of questing Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected from rural areas of Central (Dnipropetrovs'k (region D) and Poltava (region P)) and Northeastern (Kharkiv (region K)) Ukraine. In addition to defining the bacterial microbiota of both tick species, the previous investigations also revealed a high degree of inter-sex and inter-regional variations in the tick microbiota. As a continuation of the two studies, the present investigation has analyzed individual microbiota of questing I. ricinus (n = 50) and D. reticulatus (n = 50) ticks originating from Kyiv, the largest city of Ukraine. The Kyiv tick microbiota were compared between males and females for each tick species. Additionally, a cross-regional analysis was performed to compare the microbiota of Kyiv ticks to those from regions D, K, and P. Numerous statistically significant inter-sex and inter-regional variations were detected when alpha diversity, beta diversity, the bacterial relative and differential abundances were assessed. The overall results demonstrated that the microbiota of Kyiv ticks were statistically different compared to the ticks of the other three regions. Besides existing climatic and geographical differences between the four regions, the authors hypothesize that various anthropogenic factors of the megapolis (e.g., animal species translocation, land management, ecology) could have contributed to the distinct microbiota of Kyiv ticks observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leta Elias
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4467 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Aimee-Joy M Hearn
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4467 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - John C Blazier
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomics Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yuliya V Rogovska
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4467 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jiangli Wang
- Department of Statistics and Finance, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Sijia Li
- Statistical Collaboration Center, Department of Statistics, College of Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Shuling Liu
- Statistical Collaboration Center, Department of Statistics, College of Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Igor V Nebogatkin
- I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Artem S Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4467 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Goff NK, Dou T, Higgins S, Horn EJ, Morey R, McClellan K, Kurouski D, Rogovskyy AS. Testing Raman spectroscopy as a diagnostic approach for Lyme disease patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1006134. [PMID: 36389168 PMCID: PMC9647194 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1006134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease (LD), the leading tick-borne disease in the Northern hemisphere, is caused by spirochetes of several genospecies of the Borreliella burgdorferi sensu lato complex. LD is a multi-systemic and highly debilitating illness that is notoriously challenging to diagnose. The main drawbacks of the two-tiered serology, the only approved diagnostic test in the United States, include poor sensitivity, background seropositivity, and cross-reactivity. Recently, Raman spectroscopy (RS) was examined for its LD diagnostic utility by our earlier proof-of-concept study. The previous investigation analyzed the blood from mice that were infected with 297 and B31 strains of Borreliella burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.). The selected strains represented two out of the three major clades of B. burgdorferi s.s. isolates found in the United States. The obtained results were encouraging and prompted us to further investigate the RS diagnostic capacity for LD in this study. The present investigation has analyzed blood of mice infected with European genospecies, Borreliella afzelii or Borreliella garinii, or B. burgdorferi N40, a strain of the third major class of B. burgdorferi s.s. in the United States. Moreover, 90 human serum samples that originated from LD-confirmed, LD-negative, and LD-probable human patients were also analyzed by RS. The overall results demonstrated that blood samples from Borreliella-infected mice were identified with 96% accuracy, 94% sensitivity, and 100% specificity. Furthermore, human blood samples were analyzed with 88% accuracy, 85% sensitivity, and 90% specificity. Together, the current data indicate that RS should be further explored as a potential diagnostic test for LD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas K. Goff
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Tianyi Dou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Samantha Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Rohini Morey
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kyle McClellan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Dmitry Kurouski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Dmitry Kurouski, ; Artem S. Rogovskyy,
| | - Artem S. Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Dmitry Kurouski, ; Artem S. Rogovskyy,
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Stokes RA, Coleman MC, Rogovskyy AS, Dickerson VM, Thieman Mankin KM. Comparison of bacteriologic culture results for skin wound swabs and skin wound biopsy specimens. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:1416-1421. [PMID: 34757939 DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.10.0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare bacteriologic culture results for superficial swab and tissue biopsy specimens obtained from dogs with open skin wounds. ANIMALS 52 client-owned dogs. PROCEDURES For each dog, 1 wound underwent routine preparation prior to collection of 2 specimens, 1 by superficial swab (Levine) technique and 1 by tissue biopsy. Specimens were processed for bacteriologic culture. Two observers determined whether any detected difference in culture results for the 2 types of specimen would have resulted in differing treatment plans. RESULTS Culture results of swab and tissue biopsy specimens were identical in 11/52 (21.2%) cases. Tissue biopsy specimen and swab cultures yielded positive results for 44 (84.6%) and 40 (76.9%) wounds, respectively. With regard to mean recovery rates of bacteria from wounds with positive culture results, both the biopsy specimens and swabs yielded 3.4 bacterial species/wound. All wounds for which swab cultures yielded no growth also had negative culture results for biopsy specimens. Biopsy specimen and swab culture results were in agreement with regard to the most common bacteria cultured. In 7/52 (13%) wounds, the observers would have treated the patient differently on the basis of the results of the 2 cultures. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that culture of a swab collected by the Levine technique is an appropriate noninvasive alternative to culture of a tissue biopsy specimen. A negative result obtained from culture of a swab is likely to be reliable. Disagreement between the results of swab and tissue biopsy specimen cultures is likely of low clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Stokes
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Michelle C Coleman
- From the Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Artem S Rogovskyy
- From the Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Vanna M Dickerson
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Kelley M Thieman Mankin
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
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7
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Batool M, Blazier JC, Rogovska YV, Wang J, Liu S, Nebogatkin IV, Rogovskyy AS. Metagenomic analysis of individually analyzed ticks from Eastern Europe demonstrates regional and sex-dependent differences in the microbiota of Ixodes ricinus. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101768. [PMID: 34119873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the microbial ecology of disease vectors may be useful for development of novel strategies aimed at preventing transmission of vector-borne pathogens. Although Ixodes ricinus is one of the most important tick vectors, the microbiota of this tick has been examined for only limited parts of the globe. To date, the microbiota of I. ricinus ticks collected from Eastern Europe has not been defined. The objective of this study was to compare microbiota of I. ricinus ticks within (males vs. females) and between collection sites that represented three administrative regions of Ukraine, Dnipropetrovs'k (D), Kharkiv (K), and Poltava (P). A total of 89 questing I. ricinus adults were collected from region D (number of ticks, n = 29; 14 males and 15 females), region K (n = 30; 15 males and 15 females) and region P (n = 30; 15 males and 15 females). Each tick was subjected to metagenomic analysis by targeting the V6 region of 16S rRNA gene through the Illumina 4000 Hiseq sequencing. The alpha diversity analysis demonstrated that, regardless of tick sex, patterns of bacterial diversity in ticks from regions K and P were similar, whereas the microbiota of region D ticks was quite distinct. A number of inter-regional differences were detected by most beta diversity metrics for both males and females. The inter-regional variations were also supported by the principal coordinate analysis based on the unweighted UniFrac metrics with three region-specific clusters of female ticks and one distinct cluster of region D males. Lastly, numerous region- and sex-specific differences were also identified in the relative abundance of various bacterial taxa. Collectively, the present findings demonstrate that the microbiota of the I. ricinus tick can exhibit a high degree of variation between tick sexes and geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Batool
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical, Sciences, Texas A&M University, TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - John C Blazier
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomics Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yuliya V Rogovska
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical, Sciences, Texas A&M University, TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jiangli Wang
- Department of Statistics and Finance, the University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Shuling Liu
- Statistical Collaboration Center, Department of Statistics, College of Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Igor V Nebogatkin
- I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Artem S Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical, Sciences, Texas A&M University, TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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8
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Elias L, Blazier JC, Rogovska YV, Konganti K, Wang J, Liu S, Mankin KMT, Nebogatkin IV, Threadgill DW, Rogovskyy AS. Extensive sex-specific and regional variations observed in the microbiome of Dermacentor reticulatus. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101767. [PMID: 34130148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in DNA sequencing technologies and advanced bioinformatic tools have enabled researchers to rapidly decipher the tick microbiome. To date, however, a number of microbiome studies performed on Dermacentor reticulatus ticks is still quite limited. Despite the importance of this ixodid tick for veterinary and human medicine, only two investigations have examined its microbiome. Moreover, these studies analyzed only a limited number of ticks/tick pools. Given the scarcity of microbiome data for D. reticulatus in general and the lack of microbiome studies on tick species from Eastern Europe in particular, the objective of the current investigation was to analyze the microbiome of D. reticulatus ticks collected from three geographical regions of Ukraine. A total of 88 individual tick microbiomes were analyzed by sequencing the V6 region of 16S rRNA. As a result, numerous significant differences in the bacterial relative abundance were detected between males and females of D. reticulatus for each region. The alpha diversity measures indicate that microbiomes were significantly different between females of D. reticulatus inter-regionally. In contrast, the collective results for male ticks are more suggestive of inter-regional microbiome homogeneity. The overall findings indicate that the composition and diversity of the D. reticulatus microbiome can be impacted by geographical and sex-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leta Elias
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical, Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - John C Blazier
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomics Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yuliya V Rogovska
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical, Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Kranti Konganti
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomics Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jiangli Wang
- Department of Statistics and Finance, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Shuling Liu
- Statistical Collaboration Center, Department of Statistics, College of Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Kelley M Thieman Mankin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Igor V Nebogatkin
- I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - David W Threadgill
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomics Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Artem S Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical, Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Farber C, Morey R, Krimmer M, Kurouski D, Rogovskyy AS. Exploring a possibility of using Raman spectroscopy for detection of Lyme disease. J Biophotonics 2021; 14:e202000477. [PMID: 33486893 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lyme disease (LD), one of the most prevalent tick-borne diseases in the United States (US), is caused by Borreliella burgdorferi sensu stricto (Bb). To date, in the US, LD diagnostics is primarily based on validated two-tiered serological testing, which overall exhibits low sensitivity among other drawbacks. In the present study, a potential of Raman spectroscopy (RS) to detect Bb infection in mice has been explored. For that, C3H mice were infected with wild-type Bb strains, 297, B31, or B31-derived mutant, ∆vlsE. Blood samples taken prior to and post Bb infection were subjected to RS. The data demonstrated that RS did not directly detect Bb spirochetes in blood, but rather sensed biochemical changes associated with Bb infection. Despite Bb infection-associated blood changes detectable by RS were very limited, the partial least square discriminant analysis showed that the average true positive rates were 86% for 297 and 89% for B31 and ∆vlsE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Farber
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rohini Morey
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Mark Krimmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Dmitry Kurouski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Artem S Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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10
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Scoles GA, Lohmeyer KH, Ueti MW, Bonilla D, Lahmers KK, Piccione J, Rogovskyy AS. Stray Mexico origin cattle captured crossing into Southern Texas carry Babesia bovis and other tick-borne pathogens. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101708. [PMID: 34175736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cattle fever ticks, Rhipicephalus microplus and R. annulatus have been eradicated from the United States and inspectors from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program (CFTEP) monitor the quarantine zone along the Texas border to prevent the introduction of livestock carrying cattle fever ticks from Mexico. Stray livestock apprehended by CFTEP in the zone are checked for ticks and tested for infectious disease-causing pathogens but are not evaluated for evidence of infection with tick-borne pathogens. We tested blood samples collected from stray cattle by CFTEP inspectors for evidence of infection with tick-borne pathogens. As a comparison group representing U.S. resident cattle, we tested blood samples that had been sent to the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (TVMDL) for unrelated testing. Both sets of blood samples were evaluated using the same specific and broad-spectrum PCR assays. For the border cattle the overall prevalence of infection with one or more tick-borne pathogen was 58.5 % (79/135) with many co-infections, including 30 cattle positive for Babesia bovis and/or Babesia bigemina (22.2 %) and 77 cattle positive for Anaplasma marginale (57 %), three of these animals were also positive for Borrelia theileri. No resident cattle represented by the TVMDL samples were infected with either of the Babesia spp., or with Borrelia theileri, but three were positive for Theileria orientalis and 7.3 % (7/96) were positive for A. marginale. These data show that cattle originating in Mexico have a higher prevalence of infection with tick-borne pathogens relative to resident U.S. cattle and specifically, a proportion are infected with bovine Babesia, which is absent from U.S. cattle populations. Consequently, these stray cattle may be a reservoir of tick-borne pathogens and if populations of Boophilus ticks become reestablished in areas where they had previously been eradicated, could pose a significant risk to the U.S. Cattle industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen A Scoles
- USDA, ARS, Animal Disease Research Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.
| | - Kimberly H Lohmeyer
- USDA, ARS, Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Kerrville, TX, United States.
| | - Massaro W Ueti
- USDA, ARS, Animal Disease Research Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.
| | - Denise Bonilla
- USDA, APHIS, Veterinary Services, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
| | - Kevin K Lahmers
- Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
| | - Julie Piccione
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Lab, College Station, TX, United States.
| | - Artem S Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
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11
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Shkilna M, Andreychyn M, Korda M, Pokryshko O, Humenna R, Huk M, Liu S, Rogovskyy AS. Serological Surveillance of Hospitalized Patients for Lyme Borreliosis in Ukraine. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:301-303. [PMID: 33688747 PMCID: PMC7997712 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Although in Ukraine the incidence of Lyme borreliosis (LB) has been surging up over the past decades, seroepidemiologic data are not available to date. The objective of this report was to perform preliminary serological survey of hospitalized population for LB. Methods: Sera were collected from 203 patients of a hospital located in Western Ukraine. Most patients showed clinical signs that were compatible with LB such as arthritis (n = 29), neurological signs (n = 35), and erythema migrans (EM)-like lesions (n = 60) or unrelated to LB (n = 79). The specimens were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot for anti-Borrelia antibodies. Results: LB was confirmed in 8.6%, 34.5%, and 50% of the patients, who exhibited neurological signs, arthritis, or EM-like lesions, respectively. Anti-Borrelia antibodies were also detected in 6.3% of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusions: This study provides the first preliminary data on the seroprevalence of LB in Ukraine. Future studies are warranted to investigate more subsets of the Ukrainian population for this emerging tick-borne disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Shkilna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Dermatology and Venereology, Virology and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo Andreychyn
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Dermatology and Venereology, Virology and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo Korda
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Virology and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Olena Pokryshko
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Roksolana Humenna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Dermatology and Venereology, Virology and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Mariana Huk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Dermatology and Venereology, Virology and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Shuling Liu
- Statistical Collaboration Center, Department of Statistics, College of Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Artem S Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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12
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Kovryha N, Tsyhankova A, Zelenuchina O, Mashchak O, Terekhov R, Rogovskyy AS. Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ixodid Ticks from Southeastern Ukraine. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:242-246. [PMID: 33475465 PMCID: PMC7997714 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Tick-borne diseases have emerged as an increasing medical problem in the world. Being the most prevalent ixodid ticks in Europe, Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus are responsible for transmission of numerous zoonotic pathogens (e.g., human granulocytic anaplasmosis and Lyme borreliosis). Despite their public health significance, studies on the prevalence of tick-borne agents are scare for Eastern Europe. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B. burgdorferi s. l.) in ixodid ticks from Southeastern Ukraine. Methods: Over a 5-year period (2014-2018), 358 questing and 389 engorged ixodid ticks were collected from Southeastern Ukraine (Zaporizhzhya region). The ticks were identified as Dermacentor marginatus, D. reticulatus, I. ricinus, and Rhipicephalus rossicus. Nucleic acid samples extracted from tick pools were subjected to RT-PCR analyses for A. phagocytophilum, E. chaffeensis, and B. burgdorferi s. l. Results: The examined ixodid ticks tested negative for the aforementioned pathogens with the exception of I. ricinus ticks. For questing I. ricinus ticks, minimum infection rates of A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi s. l. were, respectively, 4.2-7.7% and 8.6-12.7%. Conclusions: These findings will be valuable for medical and veterinary practitioners when risks associated with tick-borne diseases are assessed for southeastern regions of Ukraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Kovryha
- The Zaporizhzhya Oblast Laboratory Center, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine
| | - Ala Tsyhankova
- The Zaporizhzhya Oblast Laboratory Center, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine
| | - Olena Zelenuchina
- The Zaporizhzhya Oblast Laboratory Center, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine
| | - Olexandr Mashchak
- The Zaporizhzhya Oblast Laboratory Center, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine
| | - Roman Terekhov
- The Zaporizhzhya Oblast Laboratory Center, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine
| | - Artem S Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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13
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Fudge JM, Boyanowski B, Page B, Liu S, Rogovskyy AS. Serological prevalence of six vector-borne pathogens in dogs presented for elective ovariohysterectomy or castration in the South central region of Texas. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:381. [PMID: 33032588 PMCID: PMC7545558 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02607-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most vector-borne pathogens cause zoonotic diseases. These zoonoses often have wild animal reservoirs that play a significant role in disease epidemiology. However, pet animals have also been implicated in transmission of zoonotic agents to humans. To exemplify, dogs are competent reservoir hosts for several zoonotic vector-borne bacteria and protozoa. Despite that vector-borne diseases can be life-threatening for both pets and humans, studies on pathogen seroprevalence are very limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the serological prevalence of six zoonotic vector-borne agents in dogs from the South Central region of Texas (US). Electronic medical records of dogs, presenting over 2014–2019 for elective ovariohysterectomy or castration at a high volume spay and neuter clinic, were reviewed for serological testing. Sera from 418 dogs were tested for the Dirofilaria immitis antigen, and antibodies to Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis, and Ehrlichia ewingi, using a commonly available commercial test kit. Descriptive statistics were computed to characterize the respective seroprevalence rates of the dog population. The study involved 192 (46%) male and 226 (54%) female dogs. Results Overall, 85 (20%) dogs tested positive for at least one of the 6 pathogens investigated. The highest seroprevalence rate averaged over the 6-year period was 11.7% for D. immitis followed by 8.4% for E. canis and/or E. ewingii, 4.3% for A. phagocytophilum and/or A. platys, and 0.2% for B. burgdorferi. The co-exposure or co-infection was only detected in 3.8% of the dog population. Conclusions Together, opportunistic testing of dogs presenting for elective surgical procedures may provide an effective way of assessing seroprevalence and/or risk factors for common vector-borne diseases within a geographic region of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mack Fudge
- Hill Country Animal League, 924 N. Main St, Boerne, TX, 78006, USA
| | | | - Bernie Page
- Hill Country Animal League, 924 N. Main St, Boerne, TX, 78006, USA
| | - Shuling Liu
- Statistical Collaboration Center, Department of Statistics, College of Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Artem S Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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14
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Levytska VA, Mushinsky AB, Zubrikova D, Blanarova L, Długosz E, Vichova B, Slivinska KA, Gajewski Z, Gizinski S, Liu S, Zhou L, Rogovskyy AS. Detection of pathogens in ixodid ticks collected from animals and vegetation in five regions of Ukraine. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 12:101586. [PMID: 33059172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The distribution and prevalence of zoonotic pathogens infecting ixodid ticks in Western Europe have been extensively examined. However, data on ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Eastern Europe, particularly Ukraine are scarce. The objective of the current study was, therefore, to investigate the prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasmataceae, Rickettsia spp., Babesia spp., Bartonella spp., and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in engorged and questing ixodid ticks collected from five administrative regions (oblasts) of Ukraine, namely Chernivtsi, Khmelnytskyi, Kyiv, Ternopil, and Vinnytsia. The ticks were collected from both wild and domestic animals and from vegetation. Of 524 ixodid ticks collected, 3, 99, and 422 ticks were identified as Ixodes hexagonus, Ixodes ricinus, and Dermacentor reticulatus, respectively. DNA samples individually extracted from 168 questing and 354 engorged adult ticks were subjected to pathogen-specific PCR analyses. The mean prevalence in I. ricinus and D. reticulatus were, respectively: 10 % (10/97) and 3 % (12/422) for A. phagocytophilum; 69 % (67/97) and 52 % (220/422) for members of the Anaplasmataceae family; 25 % (24/97) and 28 % (117/422) for Rickettsia spp.; 3 % (3/97) and 1 % (6/422) for Babesia spp.; and 9 % (9/97) and 5 % (20/422) for Bartonella spp. Overall, between the five cities, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of any of the pathogens for the respective ticks (p > 0.05). The prevalence of B. burgdorferi s. l. in the questing and engorged I. ricinus varied from 0 to 27 % and 14-44%, respectively, with no statistical significance identified between the five cities (p > 0.05). In addition to reporting the updated data for Kyiv and Ternopil, this study is the first to provide the prevalences of the tick-borne pathogens for Chernivtsi, Khmelnytskyi, and Vinnytsia. This investigation is also the first to detect Neoehrlichia mikurensis in ixodid ticks from Ukraine. These new data will be useful for medical and veterinary practitioners as well as public health officials when diagnosing infections and when implementing measures to combat tick-borne diseases in Ukraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya A Levytska
- Department of Infection and Invasive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Technology in Animal Husbandry, State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilya, Kamyanets-Podilskyi, 32300, Ukraine.
| | - Andriy B Mushinsky
- Department of Infection and Invasive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Technology in Animal Husbandry, State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilya, Kamyanets-Podilskyi, 32300, Ukraine
| | - Dana Zubrikova
- Department of Vector-Borne Diseases, Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 04001, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Blanarova
- Department of Vector-Borne Diseases, Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 04001, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ewa Długosz
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bronislava Vichova
- Department of Vector-Borne Diseases, Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 04001, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Kateryna A Slivinska
- I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01030, Ukraine
| | - Zdzislaw Gajewski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Gizinski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shuling Liu
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Artem S Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
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15
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Rogovskyy AS, Biatov AP, Davis MA, Liu S, Nebogatkin IV. Upsurge of Lyme borreliosis in Ukraine: a 20-year survey. J Travel Med 2020; 27:5861562. [PMID: 32577753 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem S Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Anton P Biatov
- Society of Conservation and Geographic Information Systems of Ukraine, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine
| | - Margaret Alison Davis
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Shuling Liu
- Statistical Collaboration Center, Department of Statistics, College of Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Igor V Nebogatkin
- I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
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16
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Yurchenko OO, Dubyna DO, Vynograd NO, Rogovskyy AS. Tick-borne encephalitis cases recorded in Ukraine over 1990-2018. J Travel Med 2020; 27:taaa075. [PMID: 32412050 PMCID: PMC7359923 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oksana O Yurchenko
- Laboratory of Indication of Especially Dangerous Biological Pathogenic Agents, Mechnikov Ukrainian Anti-Plague Research Institute of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro O Dubyna
- Laboratory of Indication of Especially Dangerous Biological Pathogenic Agents, Mechnikov Ukrainian Anti-Plague Research Institute of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya O Vynograd
- Department of Epidemiology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Artem S Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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17
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Hinson WD, Rogovskyy AS, Lawhon SD, Thieman Mankin KM. Influence of a cell salvage washing system and leukocyte reduction filtration on bacterial contamination of canine whole blood ex vivo. Vet Surg 2020; 49:989-996. [PMID: 32166777 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the ability of cell salvage washing and leukoreduction filtration to remove bacterial contamination from canine whole blood. STUDY DESIGN Ex vivo nested cohort study. SAMPLE POPULATION Commercially purchased fresh canine whole blood (n = 33 units). METHODS Commercially obtained canine whole blood was inoculated with known concentrations of one of three species of bacteria, Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (quality control strain; Texas A&M University), or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Negative controls were inoculated with sterile saline. The inoculated blood was processed through a cell salvage system and filtered through a series of two leukocyte reduction filters. Samples were aseptically collected at five points during processing (inoculum, prewash, postwash, post-first filtration, and post-second filtration) for bacterial enumeration. RESULTS Bacterial concentrations were reduced by 85.2%, 91.5%, and 93.9% for E coli, S pseudintermedius, and P aeruginosa, respectively, after washing (P < .0001), and bacterial concentrations were reduced by 99.9%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, after the first filtration (P < .0001). After the second filtration, none of the three species of bacteria could be isolated (100% reduction). No bacterial growth was obtained from negative controls throughout the study. The type of bacteria (P = .29) did not allow prediction of bacterial reduction. CONCLUSION Cell salvage washing combined with leukoreduction filtration eliminated bacterial contamination of whole dog blood (P < .0001). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cell salvage washing and leukoreduction filtration could be applied to intraoperative autotransfusion in clinical animals, especially those treated for trauma or hemorrhage with concurrent bacterial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney D Hinson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, Texas
| | - Artem S Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, Texas
| | - Sara D Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, Texas
| | - Kelley M Thieman Mankin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, Texas
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18
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Rogovskyy AS, Threadgill DW, Akimov IA, Nebogatkin IV, Rogovska YV, Melnyk MV, Rogovskyy SP. Borrelia and Other Zoonotic Pathogens in Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus Ticks Collected from the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone on the 30th Anniversary of the Nuclear Disaster. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019; 19:466-473. [PMID: 31112094 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The 26th of April 2016 marked 30 years since the Chernobyl accident has occurred in Ukraine. As a result, the uninhabited Chernobyl region has been directly exposed to ionizing radiation for >30 years. Most work has focused on identifying associations between levels of radiation and the abundance, distribution, and mutation rates of plants and animals. Much less, however, is known about microbial communities in this affected region. To date, there are no reports on the prevalence of any tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes ricinus ticks from the Chernobyl exclusion zone (CEZ). The objective of our study was to examine the abundance of I. ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in the CEZ and to investigate the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) and other zoonotic agents in these ixodid ticks. Methods: A total of 260 questing I. ricinus and 100 D. reticulatus adult ticks were individually polymerase chain reaction analyzed for the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia spp., Bartonella spp., Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., Francisella tularensis, and/or Rickettsia spp. Results: The respective infections rates were identified and compared with those of ixodid ticks that were concurrently collected from Kyiv. The significant differences between the infection rates of the CEZ and Kyiv ticks were observed for Rickettsia raoultii in D. reticulatus ticks (53.0% vs. 35.7%, respectively; p < 0.05) and Bartonella spp. (8.1% vs. 2.7%; P < 0.05) in I. ricinus ticks. Conclusions: Although the current data clearly demonstrated that the prevalence of some zoonotic pathogens were significantly higher in the ixodid ticks from the CEZ, a more comprehensive systematic approach is required to examine the causal effect of long-term ionizing radiation on adaptive changes of tick-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem S Rogovskyy
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - David W Threadgill
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,2 Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Igor A Akimov
- 3 I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Igor V Nebogatkin
- 3 I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuliya V Rogovska
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Maria V Melnyk
- 4 Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergii P Rogovskyy
- 3 I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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19
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Rogovskyy AS, Lawhon S, Kuczmanski K, Gillis DC, Wu J, Hurley H, Rogovska YV, Konganti K, Yang CY, Duncan K. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Trueperella pyogenes isolated from ruminants. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018. [PMID: 29528808 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718762479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes is an opportunistic pathogen that causes suppurative infections in animals including humans. Data on phenotypic and genotypic properties of T. pyogenes isolated from ruminants, particularly goats and sheep, are lacking. We characterized, by phenotypic and genotypic means, T. pyogenes of caprine and ovine origin, and established their phylogenetic relationship with isolates from other ruminants. T. pyogenes isolates ( n = 50) from diagnostic specimens of bovine ( n = 25), caprine ( n = 19), and ovine ( n = 6) origin were analyzed. Overall, variable biochemical activities were observed among the T. pyogenes isolates. The fimbriae-encoding gene, fimE, and neuraminidase-encoding gene, nanH, were, respectively, more frequently detected in the large ( p = 0.0006) and small ( p = 0.0001) ruminant isolates. Moreover, genotype V ( plo/ nanH/ nanP/ fimA/ fimC) was only detected in the caprine and ovine isolates, whereas genotype IX ( plo/ nanP/ fimA/ fimC/ fimE) was solely present in the isolates of bovine origin ( p = 0.0223). The 16S rRNA gene sequences of all T. pyogenes isolates were clustered with the reference T. pyogenes strain ATCC 19411 and displayed a high degree of identity to each other. Our results highlight phenotypic and genotypic diversity among ruminant isolates of T. pyogenes and reinforce the importance of characterization of more clinical isolates to better understand the pathogenesis of this bacterium in different animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem S Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Gillis, Rogovska), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Wu, Hurley, Yang, Duncan), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Kuczmanski), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (Konganti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Sara Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Gillis, Rogovska), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Wu, Hurley, Yang, Duncan), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Kuczmanski), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (Konganti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Kathryn Kuczmanski
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Gillis, Rogovska), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Wu, Hurley, Yang, Duncan), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Kuczmanski), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (Konganti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - David C Gillis
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Gillis, Rogovska), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Wu, Hurley, Yang, Duncan), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Kuczmanski), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (Konganti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Gillis, Rogovska), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Wu, Hurley, Yang, Duncan), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Kuczmanski), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (Konganti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Helen Hurley
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Gillis, Rogovska), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Wu, Hurley, Yang, Duncan), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Kuczmanski), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (Konganti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Yuliya V Rogovska
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Gillis, Rogovska), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Wu, Hurley, Yang, Duncan), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Kuczmanski), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (Konganti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Kranti Konganti
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Gillis, Rogovska), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Wu, Hurley, Yang, Duncan), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Kuczmanski), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (Konganti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ching-Yuan Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Gillis, Rogovska), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Wu, Hurley, Yang, Duncan), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Kuczmanski), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (Konganti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Kay Duncan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Gillis, Rogovska), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Wu, Hurley, Yang, Duncan), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Kuczmanski), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (Konganti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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James AE, Rogovskyy AS, Crowley MA, Bankhead T. Cis-acting DNA elements flanking the variable major protein expression site of Borrelia hermsii are required for murine persistence. Microbiologyopen 2017; 7:e00569. [PMID: 29250931 PMCID: PMC6011951 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In Borrelia hermsii, antigenic variation occurs as a result of a nonreciprocal gene conversion event that places one of ~60 silent variable major protein genes downstream of a single, transcriptionally active promoter. The upstream homology sequence (UHS) and downstream homology sequence (DHS) are two putative cis‐acting DNA elements that have been predicted to serve as crossover points for homologous recombination. In this report, a targeted deletion/in cis complementation technique was used to directly evaluate the role for these elements in antigenic switching. The results demonstrate that deletion of the expression site results in an inability of the pathogen to relapse in immunocompetent mice, and that the utilized technique was successful in producing complemented mutants that are capable of antigenic switching. Additional complemented clones with mutations in the UHS and DHS of the expressed locus were then generated and evaluated for their ability to relapse in immunocompetent mice. Mutation of the UHS and inverted repeat sequence within the DHS rendered these mutants incapable of relapsing. Overall, the results establish the requirement of the inverted repeat of the DHS for antigenic switching, and support the importance of the UHS for B. hermsii persistence in the mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E James
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Artem S Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Michael A Crowley
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Troy Bankhead
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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21
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Rogovskyy AS, Nebogatkin IV, Scoles GA. Ixodid ticks in the megapolis of Kyiv, Ukraine. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2017; 8:99-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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James AE, Rogovskyy AS, Crowley MA, Bankhead T. Characterization of a DNA Adenine Methyltransferase Gene of Borrelia hermsii and Its Dispensability for Murine Infection and Persistence. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155798. [PMID: 27195796 PMCID: PMC4873019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferases have been implicated in the regulation of virulence genes in a number of pathogens. Relapsing fever Borrelia species harbor a conserved, putative DNA methyltransferase gene on their chromosome, while no such ortholog can be found in the annotated genome of the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi. In the relapsing fever species Borrelia hermsii, the locus bh0463A encodes this putative DNA adenine methyltransferase (dam). To verify the function of the BH0463A protein product as a Dam, the gene was cloned into a Dam-deficient strain of Escherichia coli. Restriction fragment analysis subsequently demonstrated that complementation of this E. coli mutant with bh0463A restored adenine methylation, verifying bh0463A as a Dam. The requirement of bh0463A for B. hermsii viability, infectivity, and persistence was then investigated by genetically disrupting the gene. The dam- mutant was capable of infecting immunocompetent mice, and the mean level of spirochetemia in immunocompetent mice was not significantly different from wild type B. hermsii. Collectively, the data indicate that dam is dispensable for B. hermsii viability, infectivity, and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. James
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Artem S. Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Crowley
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Troy Bankhead
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Rogovskyy AS, Casselli T, Tourand Y, Jones CR, Owen JP, Mason KL, Scoles GA, Bankhead T. Evaluation of the Importance of VlsE Antigenic Variation for the Enzootic Cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124268. [PMID: 25893989 PMCID: PMC4404307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient acquisition and transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi by the tick vector, and the ability to persistently infect both vector and host, are important elements for the life cycle of the Lyme disease pathogen. Previous work has provided strong evidence implicating the significance of the vls locus for B. burgdorferi persistence. However, studies involving vls mutant clones have thus far only utilized in vitro-grown or host-adapted spirochetes and laboratory strains of mice. Additionally, the effects of vls mutation on tick acquisition and transmission has not yet been tested. Thus, the importance of VlsE antigenic variation for persistent infection of the natural reservoir host, and for the B. burgdorferi enzootic life cycle in general, has not been examined to date. In the current work, Ixodes scapularis and Peromyscus maniculatus were infected with different vls mutant clones to study the importance of the vls locus for the enzootic cycle of the Lyme disease pathogen. The findings highlight the significance of the vls system for long-term infection of the natural reservoir host, and show that VlsE antigenic variability is advantageous for efficient tick acquisition of B. burgdorferi from the mammalian reservoir. The data also indicate that the adaptation state of infecting spirochetes influences B. burgdorferi avoidance from host antibodies, which may be in part due to its respective VlsE expression levels. Overall, the current findings provide the most direct evidence on the importance of VlsE for the enzootic cycle of Lyme disease spirochetes, and underscore the significance of VlsE antigenic variation for maintaining B. burgdorferi in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem S. Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Timothy Casselli
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yvonne Tourand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Cami R. Jones
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jeb P. Owen
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kathleen L. Mason
- Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Glen A. Scoles
- Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Troy Bankhead
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rogovskyy AS, Chen Z, Burk RD, Bankhead T. Characterization of the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) papillomavirus genome. Vet Microbiol 2014; 168:214-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Many pathogens make use of antigenic variation as a way to evade the host immune response. A key mechanism for immune evasion and persistent infection by the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, is antigenic variation of the VlsE surface protein. Recombination results in changes in the VlsE surface protein that prevent recognition by VlsE-specific antibodies in the infected host. Despite the presence of a substantial number of additional proteins residing on the bacterial surface, VlsE is the only known antigen that exhibits ongoing variation of its surface epitopes. This suggests that B. burgdorferi may utilize a VlsE-mediated system for immune avoidance of its surface antigens. To address this, the requirement of VlsE for host reinfection by the Lyme disease pathogen was investigated. Host-adapted wild type and VlsE mutant spirochetes were used to reinfect immunocompetent mice that had naturally cleared an infection with a VlsE-deficient clone. Our results demonstrate that variable VlsE is necessary for reinfection by B. burgdorferi, and this ability is directly related to evasion of the host antibody response. Moreover, the data presented here raise the possibility that VlsE prevents recognition of B. burgdorferi surface antigens from host antibodies. Overall, our findings represent a significant advance in our knowledge of immune evasion by B. burgdorferi, and provide insight to the possible mechanisms involved in VlsE-mediated immune avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem S. Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Troy Bankhead
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rogovskyy AS, Baszler TV, Bradway DS, Bruning DL, Davitt CM, Evermann JF, Burk RD, Chen Z, Mansfield KG, Haldorson GJ. A novel papillomavirus isolated from proliferative skin lesions of a wild American beaver (Castor canadensis). J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 24:750-4. [PMID: 22649160 DOI: 10.1177/1040638712448654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous papillomatosis was diagnosed in an adult American beaver (Castor canadensis). Gross lesions included numerous exophytic, roughly circular, lightly pigmented lesions on hairless areas of fore and hind feet and the nose. The most significant histopathologic findings were multifocal papilliform hyperplasia of the superficial stratified squamous epithelium, with multifocal koilocytes, and multiple cells with large, darkly basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies. A virus with properties consistent with papillomavirus (PV) was recovered by virus isolation of skin lesions, utilizing rabbit and feline kidney cell lines. The presence of the virus was confirmed by PV-specific polymerase chain reaction. The partial sequences of E1 and L1 genes did not closely match those of any PVs in GenBank, suggesting that this might be a new type of PV. Partial E1 and L1 nucleotide sequences of the beaver papillomavirus (hereafter, ARbeaver-PV1) were used to create a phylogenetic tree employing the complete E1 and L1 open reading frame nucleotide sequences of 68 PVs. The phylogenetic tree placed the ARbeaver-PV1 in a clade that included the Mupapillomavirus (HPV1 and HPV63) and Kappapapillomavirus (OcPV1 and SfPV1) genera. The present article confirms the papillomaviral etiology of cutaneous exophytic lesions in the beaver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem S Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, PO Box 647040, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA.
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