1
|
Sinha D, Maurya AK, Abdi G, Majeed M, Agarwal R, Mukherjee R, Ganguly S, Aziz R, Bhatia M, Majgaonkar A, Seal S, Das M, Banerjee S, Chowdhury S, Adeyemi SB, Chen JT. Integrated Genomic Selection for Accelerating Breeding Programs of Climate-Smart Cereals. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1484. [PMID: 37510388 PMCID: PMC10380062 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapidly rising population and climate changes are two critical issues that require immediate action to achieve sustainable development goals. The rising population is posing increased demand for food, thereby pushing for an acceleration in agricultural production. Furthermore, increased anthropogenic activities have resulted in environmental pollution such as water pollution and soil degradation as well as alterations in the composition and concentration of environmental gases. These changes are affecting not only biodiversity loss but also affecting the physio-biochemical processes of crop plants, resulting in a stress-induced decline in crop yield. To overcome such problems and ensure the supply of food material, consistent efforts are being made to develop strategies and techniques to increase crop yield and to enhance tolerance toward climate-induced stress. Plant breeding evolved after domestication and initially remained dependent on phenotype-based selection for crop improvement. But it has grown through cytological and biochemical methods, and the newer contemporary methods are based on DNA-marker-based strategies that help in the selection of agronomically useful traits. These are now supported by high-end molecular biology tools like PCR, high-throughput genotyping and phenotyping, data from crop morpho-physiology, statistical tools, bioinformatics, and machine learning. After establishing its worth in animal breeding, genomic selection (GS), an improved variant of marker-assisted selection (MAS), has made its way into crop-breeding programs as a powerful selection tool. To develop novel breeding programs as well as innovative marker-based models for genetic evaluation, GS makes use of molecular genetic markers. GS can amend complex traits like yield as well as shorten the breeding period, making it advantageous over pedigree breeding and marker-assisted selection (MAS). It reduces the time and resources that are required for plant breeding while allowing for an increased genetic gain of complex attributes. It has been taken to new heights by integrating innovative and advanced technologies such as speed breeding, machine learning, and environmental/weather data to further harness the GS potential, an approach known as integrated genomic selection (IGS). This review highlights the IGS strategies, procedures, integrated approaches, and associated emerging issues, with a special emphasis on cereal crops. In this domain, efforts have been taken to highlight the potential of this cutting-edge innovation to develop climate-smart crops that can endure abiotic stresses with the motive of keeping production and quality at par with the global food demand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dwaipayan Sinha
- Department of Botany, Government General Degree College, Mohanpur 721436, India
| | - Arun Kumar Maurya
- Department of Botany, Multanimal Modi College, Modinagar, Ghaziabad 201204, India
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran
| | - Muhammad Majeed
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Punjab 50700, Pakistan
| | - Rachna Agarwal
- Applied Genomics Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Rashmi Mukherjee
- Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Botany (UG & PG), Raja Narendralal Khan Women's College, Gope Palace, Midnapur 721102, India
| | - Sharmistha Ganguly
- Department of Dravyaguna, Institute of Post Graduate Ayurvedic Education and Research, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Robina Aziz
- Department of Botany, Government, College Women University, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Manika Bhatia
- TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Aqsa Majgaonkar
- Department of Botany, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Mumbai 400001, India
| | - Sanchita Seal
- Department of Botany, Polba Mahavidyalaya, Polba 712148, India
| | - Moumita Das
- V. Sivaram Research Foundation, Bangalore 560040, India
| | - Swastika Banerjee
- Department of Botany, Kairali College of +3 Science, Champua, Keonjhar 758041, India
| | - Shahana Chowdhury
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, German University Bangladesh, TNT Road, Telipara, Chandona Chowrasta, Gazipur 1702, Bangladesh
| | - Sherif Babatunde Adeyemi
- Ethnobotany/Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin P.M.B 1515, Nigeria
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sinha D, Datta S, Mishra R, Agarwal P, Kumari T, Adeyemi SB, Kumar Maurya A, Ganguly S, Atique U, Seal S, Kumari Gupta L, Chowdhury S, Chen JT. Negative Impacts of Arsenic on Plants and Mitigation Strategies. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12091815. [PMID: 37176873 PMCID: PMC10181087 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a metalloid prevalent mainly in soil and water. The presence of As above permissible levels becomes toxic and detrimental to living organisms, therefore, making it a significant global concern. Humans can absorb As through drinking polluted water and consuming As-contaminated food material grown in soil having As problems. Since human beings are mobile organisms, they can use clean uncontaminated water and food found through various channels or switch from an As-contaminated area to a clean area; but plants are sessile and obtain As along with essential minerals and water through roots that make them more susceptible to arsenic poisoning and consequent stress. Arsenic and phosphorus have many similarities in terms of their physical and chemical characteristics, and they commonly compete to cause physiological anomalies in biological systems that contribute to further stress. Initial indicators of arsenic's propensity to induce toxicity in plants are a decrease in yield and a loss in plant biomass. This is accompanied by considerable physiological alterations; including instant oxidative surge; followed by essential biomolecule oxidation. These variables ultimately result in cell permeability and an electrolyte imbalance. In addition, arsenic disturbs the nucleic acids, the transcription process, and the essential enzymes engaged with the plant system's primary metabolic pathways. To lessen As absorption by plants, a variety of mitigation strategies have been proposed which include agronomic practices, plant breeding, genetic manipulation, computer-aided modeling, biochemical techniques, and the altering of human approaches regarding consumption and pollution, and in these ways, increased awareness may be generated. These mitigation strategies will further help in ensuring good health, food security, and environmental sustainability. This article summarises the nature of the impact of arsenic on plants, the physio-biochemical mechanisms evolved to cope with As stress, and the mitigation measures that can be employed to eliminate the negative effects of As.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dwaipayan Sinha
- Department of Botany, Government General Degree College, Mohanpur 721436, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumi Datta
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Reema Mishra
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110049, India
| | - Preeti Agarwal
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110049, India
| | - Tripti Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110049, India
| | - Sherif Babatunde Adeyemi
- Ethnobotany/Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin PMB 1515, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Arun Kumar Maurya
- Department of Botany, Multanimal Modi College, Modinagar, Ghaziabad 201204, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sharmistha Ganguly
- University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008, Jharkhand, India
| | - Usman Atique
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biological Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanchita Seal
- Department of Botany, Polba Mahavidyalaya, Polba 712148, West Bengal, India
| | - Laxmi Kumari Gupta
- Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Shahana Chowdhury
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, German University Bangladesh, TNT Road, Telipara, Chandona Chowrasta, Gazipur 1702, Bangladesh
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pandey P, Gupta A, Singh SB, Maurya AK. Diagnostic challenges in urethral calculi; an initial tertiary care study. J Clin Invest Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.25083/2559.5555/7.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Kidney stone disease possesses a significant health burden not only to the family but also to the society. Sometimes, urethral stones are not expressed by typical manifestations, which can mislead clinicians in making the diagnosis. Materials and Methods. The investigation covers a period of 1 year and 6 months (Oct. 2020-Jan. 2022), carried out after obtaining the written informed consent of 22 symptomatic patients. KUB and pelvis X-ray (with or without perineal ultrasound) were performed after ethical clearance in a single center tertiary care hospital. Results. This study reveals male preponderance with no female patients, mostly in the age groups of 35-50 years (all being symptomatic). 54.54% have retention of urine and 45.45% with features of voiding lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS); in 20% of cases, additional perineal ultrasound was performed to confirm the diagnosis. It is found that 63.63% of the stones were in the anterior part and 36.36% of the stones are in the posterior part of the urethra, 4.5% of the stones being radiolucent. Two patients were treated by meatotomy and 20 patients were treated by retrograde manipulation and fragmentation of stone by pneumatic lithoclast. Conclusions. In an extremely clinically suspicious case, an effective investigation, such as an X-ray of the pelvis and pelvis and/ or perineal ultrasound, can be used as the best diagnostic tools for urethral stones.
Collapse
|
4
|
Reddy BS, Maurya AK, Narayana PL, Pasha SKK, Reddy MR, Hatshan MR, Darwish NM, Kori SA, Cho KK, Reddy NS. Knowledge extraction of sonophotocatalytic treatment for acid blue 113 dye removal by artificial neural networks. Environ Res 2022; 204:112359. [PMID: 34774834 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Removing decolorizing acid blue 113 (AB113) dye from textile wastewater is challenging due to its high stability and resistance to removal. In this study, we used an artificial neural network (ANN) model to estimate the effect of five different variables on AB113 dye removal in the sonophotocatalytic process. The five variables considered were reaction time (5-25 min), pH (3-11), ZnO dosage (0.2-1.0 g/L), ultrasonic power (100-300 W/L), and persulphate dosage (0.2-3 mmol/L). The most effective model had a 5-7-1 architecture, with an average deviation of 0.44 and R2 of 0.99. A sensitivity analysis was used to analyze the impact of different process variables on removal efficiency and to identify the most effective variable settings for maximum dye removal. Then, an imaginary sonophotocatalytic system was created to measure the quantitative impact of other process parameters on AB113 dye removal. The optimum process parameters for maximum AB 113 removal were identified as 6.2 pH, 25 min reaction time, 300 W/L ultrasonic power, 1.0 g/L ZnO dosage, and 2.54 mmol/L persulfate dosage. The model created was able to identify trends in dye removal and can contribute to future experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B S Reddy
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology & RIGET, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - A K Maurya
- Virtual Materials Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - P L Narayana
- Virtual Materials Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - S K Khadheer Pasha
- Department of Physics, Vellore Institute of Technology (Amaravati Campus), Amaravati, 522501, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M R Reddy
- Computer Science and Engineering. Srinivasa Ramanujan Institute of Technology, Anantapur, 515701, India
| | - Mohammad Rafe Hatshan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura M Darwish
- Faculty of Science Ain Shams University, Biochemistry Department, Abbasaya, P.O. Box., 11566, Cairo, Egypt; Ministry of Health Laboratories, Tanta, Egypt
| | - S A Kori
- Central University of Andra Pradesh (CUAP), Anantapuram, Andra Pradesh, 515002, India
| | - Kwon-Koo Cho
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology & RIGET, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - N S Reddy
- Virtual Materials Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maurya AK, Nagamani M, Kang SW, Yeom JT, Hong JK, Sung H, Park CH, Uma Maheshwera Reddy P, Reddy NS. Development of artificial neural networks software for arsenic adsorption from an aqueous environment. Environ Res 2022; 203:111846. [PMID: 34364860 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination is a global problem, as it affects the health of millions of people. For this study, data-driven artificial neural network (ANN) software was developed to predict and validate the removal of As(V) from an aqueous solution using graphene oxide (GO) under various experimental conditions. A reliable model for wastewater treatment is essential in order to predict its overall performance and to provide an idea of how to control its operation. This model considered the adsorption process parameters (initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, and residence time) as the input variables and arsenic removal as the only output. The ANN model predicted the adsorption efficiency with high accuracy for both training and testing datasets, when compared with the available response surface methodology (RSM) model. Based on the best model synaptic weights, user-friendly ANN software was created to predict and analyze arsenic removal as a function of adsorption process parameters. We developed various graphical user interfaces (GUI) for easy use of the developed model. Thus, a researcher can efficiently operate the software without an understanding of programming or artificial neural networks. Sensitivity analysis and quantitative estimation were carried out to study the function of adsorption process parameter variables on As(V) removal efficiency, using the GUI of the model. The model prediction shows that the adsorbent dosages, initial concentration, and pH are the most influential parameters. The efficiency was increased as the adsorbent dosages increased, decreasing with initial concentration and pH. The result show that the pH 2.0-5.0 is optimal for adsorbent efficiency (%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Maurya
- Advanced Metals Division, Titanium Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, 51508, South Korea; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - M Nagamani
- School of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Seung Won Kang
- Advanced Metals Division, Titanium Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, 51508, South Korea
| | - Jong-Taek Yeom
- Advanced Metals Division, Titanium Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, 51508, South Korea
| | - Jae-Keun Hong
- Advanced Metals Division, Titanium Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, 51508, South Korea
| | - Hyokyung Sung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - C H Park
- Advanced Metals Division, Titanium Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, 51508, South Korea.
| | | | - N S Reddy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maurya AK, Sarder MTH, Medhi A. Mott transition, magnetic and orbital orders in the ground state of the two-band Hubbard model using variational slave-spin mean field formalism. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 34:055602. [PMID: 34710854 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac3452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We study the ground state phase diagram of the degenerate two-band Hubbard model at integer fillings as a function of onsite Hubbard interactionUand Hund's exchange couplingJ. We use a variational slave-spin mean field method which allows symmetry broken states to be studied within the computationally less intensive slave-spin mean field formalism. The results show that at half-filling, the ground state at smallerUis a Slater antiferromagnet with substantial local charge fluctuations. AsUis increased, the antiferromagnetic (AF) state develops a Heisenberg behavior, finally undergoing a first-order transition to a Mott insulating AF state at a critical interactionUcwhich is of the order of the bandwidth. Introducing the Hund's couplingJcorrelates the system more and reducesUcdrastically. At quarter-filling with one electron per site, the ground state at smallerUis paramagnetic metallic. At finiteJ, as interaction is increased beyond a lower critical valueUc1, it goes to a fully spin polarized ferromagnetic state coexisting with an antiferro-orbital order. Further increase inUbeyond a higher critical valueUc2results in the Mott insulating state where local charge fluctuation vanishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Maurya
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | | | - Amal Medhi
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Singh J, Yadav AK, Pakhare A, Kulkarni P, Lokhande L, Soni P, Dadheech M, Gupta P, Masarkar N, Maurya AK, Nema S, Biswas D, Singh S. Comparative analysis of the diagnostic performance of five commercial COVID-19 qRT PCR kits used in India. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22013. [PMID: 34759300 PMCID: PMC8580981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To meet the unprecedented requirement of diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2, a large number of diagnostic kits were authorized by concerned authorities for diagnostic use within a short period of time during the initial phases of the ongoing pandemic. We undertook this study to evaluate the inter-test agreement and other key operational features of 5 such commercial kits that have been extensively used in India for routine diagnostic testing for COVID-19. The five commercial kits were evaluated, using a panel of positive and negative respiratory samples, considering the kit provided by National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research (2019-nCoV Kit) as the reference. The positive panel comprised of individuals who fulfilled the 3 criteria of being clinically symptomatic, having history of contact with diagnosed cases and testing positive in the reference kit. The negative panel included both healthy and disease controls, the latter being drawn from individuals diagnosed with other respiratory viral infections. The same protocol of sample collection, same RNA extraction kit and same RT-PCR instrument were used for all the kits. Clinical samples were collected from a panel of 92 cases and 60 control patients, who fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The control group included equal number of healthy individuals and patients infected with other respiratory viruses (n = 30, in each group). We observed varying sensitivity and specificity among the evaluated kits, with LabGun COVID-19 RT-PCR kit showing the highest sensitivity and specificity (94% and 100% respectively), followed by TaqPath COVID-19 Combo and Allplex 2019-nCoV assays. The extent of inter-test agreement was not associated with viral loads of the samples. Poor correlation was observed between Ct values of the same genes amplified using different kits. Our findings reveal the presence of wide heterogeneity and sub-optimal inter-test agreement in the diagnostic performance of the evaluated kits and hint at the need of adopting stringent standards for fulfilling the quality assurance requirements of the COVID-19 diagnostic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, 462020, India
- Translational Medicine Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - A K Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, 462020, India
| | - A Pakhare
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - P Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - L Lokhande
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, 462020, India
| | - P Soni
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, 462020, India
| | - M Dadheech
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, 462020, India
| | - P Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, 462020, India
| | - N Masarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - A K Maurya
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, 462020, India
| | - S Nema
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, 462020, India
| | - D Biswas
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, 462020, India.
| | - S Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, 462020, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maurya AK, Reddy BS, Theerthagiri J, Narayana PL, Park CH, Hong JK, Yeom JT, Cho KK, Reddy NS. Modeling and optimization of process parameters of biofilm reactor for wastewater treatment. Sci Total Environ 2021; 787:147624. [PMID: 34000535 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of heavy metal in biofilm reactors depends on absorption process parameters, and those relationships are complicated. This study explores artificial neural networks (ANNs) feasibility to correlate the biofilm reactor process parameters with absorption efficiency. The heavy metal removal and turbidity were modeled as a function of five process parameters, namely pH, temperature(°C), feed flux(ml/min), substrate flow(ml/min), and hydraulic retention time(h). We developed a standalone ANN software for predicting and analyzing the absorption process in handling industrial wastewater. The model was tested extensively to confirm that the predictions are reasonable in the context of the absorption kinetics principles. The model predictions showed that the temperature and pH values are the most influential parameters affecting absorption efficiency and turbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Maurya
- Advanced Metals Division, Titanium Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, South Korea; Virtual Materials Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - B S Reddy
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology & RIGET, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - J Theerthagiri
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - P L Narayana
- Advanced Metals Division, Titanium Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, South Korea; Virtual Materials Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - C H Park
- Advanced Metals Division, Titanium Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, South Korea
| | - J K Hong
- Advanced Metals Division, Titanium Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, South Korea
| | - J-T Yeom
- Advanced Metals Division, Titanium Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, South Korea.
| | - K K Cho
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology & RIGET, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - N S Reddy
- Virtual Materials Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maurya AK, Sarder MTH, Medhi A. Ground state of a three-band Hubbard model with Hund's coupling: Janus-faced behavior in presence of magnetic order. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:425603. [PMID: 34298529 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We study the ground state of the three-band degenerate Hubbard model on a square lattice at integer fillings using the variational slave-spin mean field method. At half-filling, the method reproduces the well known result that the ground state is antiferromagnetic (AF) insulating at smaller values of Hubbard onsite repulsionU, while it becomes Mott insulating with Néel AF order at higherU. Away from half-filling, for two particles per site, we show that the model supports a ferromagnetic (FM) metallic state with fully polarized spins at sufficiently largeU. The FM state occurs irrespective of the value of Hund's couplingJ. The ferromagnetism atJ= 0 can be explained by the Stoner mechanism while that forJ> 0 is shown to arise from the superexchange process. At this band filling, the Hund's couplingJis known to have the Janus-faced effect on electronic correlations where it enhances correlations at smallerUwhile reducing it at higherU. We show that these two effects are separated by the paramagnetic (PM) to FM transition point. The former effect is obtained at the PM state while the latter occurs in the FM state. The FM phase also occurs for one particle per site but here Hund's couplingJreduces the effect of electronic correlations at allU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Maurya
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | | | - Amal Medhi
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Narayana PL, Maurya AK, Wang XS, Harsha MR, Srikanth O, Alnuaim AA, Hatamleh WA, Hatamleh AA, Cho KK, Paturi UMR, Reddy NS. Artificial neural networks modeling for lead removal from aqueous solutions using iron oxide nanocomposites from bio-waste mass. Environ Res 2021; 199:111370. [PMID: 34043971 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions are taken into account as one of the most harmful environmental issues that ominously affect human health. Pb(II) is a common pollutant among heavy metals found in industrial wastewater, and various methods were developed to remove the Pb(II). The adsorption method was more efficient, cheap, and eco-friendly to remove the Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The removal efficiency depends on the process parameters (initial concentration, the adsorbent dosage of T-Fe3O4 nanocomposites, residence time, and adsorbent pH). The relationship between the process parameters and output is non-linear and complex. The purpose of the present study is to develop an artificial neural networks (ANN) model to estimate and analyze the relationship between Pb(II) removal and adsorption process parameters. The model was trained with the backpropagation algorithm. The model was validated with the unseen datasets. The correlation coefficient adj.R2 values for total datasets is 0.991. The relationship between the parameters and Pb(II) removal was analyzed by sensitivity analysis and creating a virtual adsorption process. The study determined that the ANN modeling was a reliable tool for predicting and optimizing adsorption process parameters for maximum lead removal from aqueous solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P L Narayana
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - A K Maurya
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao-Song Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - M R Harsha
- Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, International Institute of Information Technology, Banglore, India
| | - O Srikanth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhanekula Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ganguru, Vijayawada, 521139, India
| | - Abeer Ali Alnuaim
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Applied Studies and Community Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam Atef Hatamleh
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Atef Hatamleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - K K Cho
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology & RIGET, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | | | - N S Reddy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Reddy BS, Maurya AK, V E S, Narayana PL, Reddy MH, Baazeem A, Cho KK, Reddy NS. Prediction of batch sorption of barium and strontium from saline water. Environ Res 2021; 197:111107. [PMID: 33812876 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Celestite and barite formation results in contamination of barium and strontium ions hinder oilfield water purification. Conversion of bio-waste sorbent products deals with a viable, sustainable and clean remediation approach for removing contaminants. Biochar sorbent produced from rice straw was used to remove barium and strontium ions of saline water from petroleum industries. The removal efficiency depends on biochar amount, pH, contact time, temperature, and Ba/Sr concentration ratio. The interactions and effects of these parameters with removal efficiency are multifaceted and nonlinear. We used an artificial neural network (ANN) model to explore the correlation between process variables and sorption responses. The ANN model is more accurate than that of existing kinetic and isotherm equations in assessing barium and strontium removal with adj. R2 values of 0.994 and 0.991, respectively. We developed a standalone user interface to estimate the barium and strontium removal as a function of sorption process parameters. Sensitivity analysis and quantitative estimation were carried out to study individual process variables' impact on removal efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B S Reddy
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology & RIGET, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - A K Maurya
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Sathishkumar V E
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode, 638101, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P L Narayana
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - M H Reddy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, St. Peter's Engineering College, Hyderabad, India
| | - Alaa Baazeem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kwon-Koo Cho
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology & RIGET, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
| | - N S Reddy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nealon NJ, Parker KD, Lahaie P, Ibrahim H, Maurya AK, Raina K, Ryan EP. Bifidobacterium longum-fermented rice bran and rice bran supplementation affects the gut microbiome and metabolome. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:823-839. [PMID: 31965839 DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated gut microbiota composition along with food, host, and microbial derived metabolites in the colon and systemic circulation of healthy mice following dietary rice bran and fermented rice bran intake. Adult male BALB/c mice were fed a control diet or one of two experimental diets containing 10% w/w rice bran fermented by Bifidobacterium longum or 10% w/w non-fermented rice bran for 15 weeks. Metabolomics was performed on the study diets (food), the murine colon and whole blood. These were analysed in concert with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of faeces, caecum, and colon microbiomes. Principal components analysis of murine microbiota composition displayed marked separation between control and experimental diets, and between faecal and tissue (caecum and colon) microbiomes. Colon and caecal microbiomes in both experimental diet groups showed enrichment of Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridiales related amplicon sequence variants compared to control. Bacterial composition was largely similar between experimental diets. Metabolite profiling revealed 530 small molecules comprising of 39% amino acids and 21% lipids that had differential abundances across food, colon, and blood matrices, and statistically significant between the control, rice bran, and fermented rice bran groups. The amino acid metabolite, N-delta-acetylornithine, was notably increased by B. longum rice bran fermentation when compared to non-fermented rice bran in food, colon, and blood. These findings support that dietary intake of rice bran fermented with B. longum modulates multiple metabolic pathways important to the gut and overall health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J Nealon
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80521 CO, USA
| | - K D Parker
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - P Lahaie
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - H Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.,Zagazig University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - A K Maurya
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - K Raina
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - E P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80521 CO, USA.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, Division of Cancer Control and Prevention, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pal DK, Maurya AK, Jana D. Comparative study of renal cell carcinoma in patients less than 40 years of age and older age patients: A retrospective single-center study. Indian J Cancer 2019; 55:297-300. [PMID: 30693898 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_636_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is typically found in the older age group between 50 and 70 years of age. However, diagnosis of renal cancer is increasing more rapidly in patients less than 40 years if age compared to older age patients. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To compare the clinicopathological spectrum and survival in patients with RCC in relation to age in a tertiary care hospital in eastern India. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients operated between February 2008 and January 2017 for renal masses having clinical and radiological suspicion and histopathologically proven RCC were analyzed from hospital records. Clinicopathological data and survival study were compared between patients less than 40 years of age and older age patients. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical and survival analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20. RESULTS Among 198 patients, 36 (18.2%) patients less than 40 years were diagnosed with RCC and 162 in older patients. In these 36 younger patients, 17 (47.2%) were male and 19 (52.7%) were female. A total of 63.8% in younger age group and 69.1% of older patients were diagnosed with stage 1 and 2 RCC; comparing younger to older patients, younger patients had high number of papillary carcinoma (22.2% vs. 11.7%, P = 0.096). Younger patients have shown marginally better 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study concludes that younger age patients were more affected by RCC specially papillary RCC, when compared to western population. In addition females had more incidence of RCC. Prognosis was similar in both groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar Pal
- Department of Urology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arun Kumar Maurya
- Department of Urology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debarshi Jana
- Department of Urology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sarkar D, Maurya AK, Chakraborty D, Pal DK. Retroperitoneal Teratoma Mimicking Renal Calculus. J Clin Diagn Res 2018. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2018/36463.11856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
15
|
Maurya AK, Pal DK. Complete Spontaneous Resolution of Complex Renal Cyst: A Case Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2018. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2018/30803.11242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
16
|
Maurya AK, Singh AK, Kant S, Umrao J, Kumar M, Kushwaha RAS, Nag VL, Dhole TN. Use of GenoType® MTBDRplus assay to assess drug resistance and mutation patterns of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis isolates in northern India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2014; 31:230-6. [PMID: 23883707 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.115625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major public health problem. The diagnosis of MDR-TB is of paramount importance in establishing appropriate clinical management and infection control measures. The aim of this study was to evaluate drug resistance and mutational patterns in clinical isolates MDR-TB by GenoType® MTBDRplus assay. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 350 non-repeated sputum specimens were collected from highly suspected drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases; which were processed by microscopy, culture, differentiation and first line drug susceptibility testing (DST) using BacT/ALERT 3D system. RESULTS Among a total of 125 mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains, readable results were obtained from 120 (96%) strains by GenoType® MTBDRplus assay. Only 45 MDR-TB isolates were analysed for the performance, frequency and mutational patterns by GenoType® MTBDRplus assay. The sensitivity of the GenoType® MDRTBplus assay for detecting individual resistance to rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH) and multidrug resistance was found to be 95.8%, 96.3% and 97.7%, respectively. Mutation in codon S531L of the rpoB gene and codon S315T1 of katG genes were dominated in MDR-TB strains, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The GenoType® MTBDRplus assay is highly sensitive with short turnaround times and a rapid test for the detection of the most common mutations conferring resistance in MDR-TB strains that can readily be included in a routine laboratory workflow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Maurya
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Maurya AK, Singh AK, Kumar M, Umrao J, Kant S, Nag VL, Kushwaha RAS, Dhole TN. Changing patterns and trends of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis at referral centre in Northern India: A 4-year experience. Indian J Med Microbiol 2013; 31:40-6. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.108720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
18
|
Dhole TN, Singh AK, Maurya AK, Umrao J, Nag VL, Kant S, Kushwaha RAS. Rapid detection of drug resistance and mutational patterns of extensively drug-resistant strains by a novel GenoType®MTBDRsl assay. J Postgrad Med 2013; 59:179-85. [DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.118034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
19
|
Talwar PS, Gupta R, Maurya AK, Deswal R. Brassica juncea nitric oxide synthase like activity is stimulated by PKC activators and calcium suggesting modulation by PKC-like kinase. Plant Physiol Biochem 2012; 60:157-164. [PMID: 22947512 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule having varied physiological and regulatory roles in biological systems. The fact that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is responsible for NO generation in animals, prompted major search for a similar enzyme in plants. Arginine dependent NOS like activity (BjNOSla) was detected in Brassica juncea seedlings using oxyhemoglobin and citrulline assays. BjNOSla showed 25% activation by NADPH (0.4 mM) and 40% by calcium (0.4 mM) but the activity was flavin mononucleotide (FMN), flavin dinucleotide (FAD) and calmodulin (CaM) independent. Pharmacological approach using mammalian NOS inhibitors, NBT (300 μM) and l-NAME (5 mM), showed significant inhibition (100% and 67% respectively) supporting that the BjNOSla operates via the oxidative pathway. Most of the BjNOSla activity (80%) was confined to shoot while root showed only 20% activity. Localization studies by NADPH-diaphorase and DAF-2DA staining showed the presence of BjNOSla in guard cells. Kinetic analysis showed positive cooperativity with calcium as reflected by a decreased K(m) (∼13%) and almost two fold increase in V(max). PMA (438 nM), a kinase activator, activated BjNOSla ∼1.9 fold while its inactive analog 4αPDD was ineffective. Calcium and PMA activated the enzyme to ∼3 folds. Interestingly, 1,2-DG6 (2.5 μM) and PS (1 μM) with calcium activated the enzyme activity to ∼7 fold. A significant inhibition of BjNOSla by PKC inhibitors-staurosporine (∼90%) and calphostin-C (∼40%), further supports involvement of PKC-like kinase. The activity was also enhanced by abiotic stress conditions (7-46%). All these findings suggest that BjNOSla generates NO via oxidative pathway and is probably regulated by phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Saigal Talwar
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Maurya AK, Kant S, Nag VL, Kushwaha R, Dhole TN. Detection of 123 bp fragment of insertion element IS6110 Mycobacterium tuberculosis for diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Indian J Med Microbiol 2012; 30:182-6. [PMID: 22664434 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.96688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is emerging problem in developing and developed countries. The diagnosis of EPTB in its different clinical presentations remains a true challenge. IS6110-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used for rapid identification and positivity rate of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical isolates of different sites of EPTB. The present study was carried out to study the prevalence of M. tuberculosis complex in clinical isolates of EPTB at tertiary care centres in Lucknow. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven hundred fifty-six specimens were collected from the suspected cases of EPTB which were processed for Mycobacteria by Ziehl Neelson (ZN) staining and BACTEC culture. All the specimens were also processed for IS6110-based PCR amplification with primers targeting 123 bp fragment of insertion element IS6110 of the M. tuberculosis complex. RESULTS Of these 756 specimens, 71(9.3%) were positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB) by ZN staining, 227(30.1%) were positive for mycobacteria by BACTEC culture and IS6110 PCR were positive for M. tuberculosis complex in 165 (20.7%) isolates. We found a significant difference in sensitivities of different tests (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the positivity of M. tuberculosis complex in clinical isolates of EPTB case in tertiary care hospitals in Northern India. 72.7% of M. tuberculosis complex was confirmed by IS6110-PCR in culture isolates from different sites of EPTB. The high prevalence of the M. tuberculosis complex was seen in lymph node aspirate and synovial fluid. However, utility of PCR may play a potentially significant role in strengthening the diagnosis of EPTB especially targeting IS6110.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Maurya
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow 226 003, (Erstwhile King George Medical College), India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kant S, Nag VL, Kushwaha RAS, Dhole TN, Maurya AK. Trends of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance pattern in new cases and previously treated cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases in referral hospitals in northern India. J Postgrad Med 2012; 58:185-9. [DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
22
|
Sharma D, Maurya AK, Singh R. Age-related decline in multiple unit action potentials of CA3 region of rat hippocampus: correlation with lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin concentration and the effect of centrophenoxine. Neurobiol Aging 1993; 14:319-30. [PMID: 8367013 DOI: 10.1016/0197-4580(93)90117-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Changes in lipid peroxidation, lipofuscin concentration, and multiple unit activity (MUA recorded in conscious animals) in the CA3 region were studied in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats aged 4, 8, 16, and 24 months. The lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin concentration were increased with age. The MUA, however, declined with age. Correlational analyses were performed for the four age groups to determine the relationship between the age-associated decline in MUA with the age-related alterations in lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin concentrations. The age-related increase in lipid peroxidation correlated positively with the age-associated increase in lipofuscin concentration. The age-related increases in lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin concentration correlated negatively with the changes in MUA. Since lipid peroxidation may affect neuronal electrophysiology, our data suggested that age-related increase in lipid peroxidation may contribute to an age-associated decline in neuronal electrical activity. Centrophenoxine effects were studied on the three above-mentioned age-associated changes in the hippocampus. The drug had no effect on all three parameters in 4- and 8-month-old rats. In 16- and 24-month-old rats, however, the drug significantly increased the MUA but concomitantly decreased lipofuscin concentration and lipid peroxidation. Correlational analyses of the data on MUA, lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin concentration from the centrophenoxine-treated animals showed that the drug-induced diminution in both lipofuscin and lipid peroxidation was significantly correlated with the drug-induced increase in MUA. The differential effect of the drug in younger (4-8 months) and older (16-24 months) animals indicated that the stimulation of MUA was clearly associated with concomitant decrease in lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Sharma
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
This study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism(s) of cross-resistance (4.9-fold) to mitomycin C (MMC) in a multi-drug-resistant cell line, P388/R-84. Intracellular accumulation of MMC by sensitive (P388/S) and P388/R-84 cells was comparable. Despite a 32% reduction in NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase activity (responsible for MMC activation) in P388/R-84 cells, the rate of MMC bio-reduction by sensitive and resistant cells was similar. These results suggested that MMC resistance in P388/R-84 cell line must depend on factors other than impaired drug accumulation or bio-activation. Recent studies suggest that glutathione transferase (GST) dependent drug detoxification also contributes to cellular resistance of a variety of alkylating agents. Even though overexpression of GST has been noted in some MMC resistant tumor cells, it is not known if its level affects sensitivity to MMC. We have, therefore, determined the effect of ethacrynic acid (an inhibitor of GST activity) treatment on MMC cytotoxicity in P388/R-84 cells, which have about 2-fold higher GST activity than P388/S cells. The IC50 value for the inhibition of GST activity in vitro by ethacrynic acid (EA) was 16.5 microM (5 micrograms/ml). A depletion in intracellular GSH was also observed by treating P388/R-84 cells with EA alone or in combination with MMC. A non-toxic concentration of EA (1 microgram/ml; 3.3 microM) increased MMC cytotoxicity by 36% in P388/R-84 cells. MMC cytotoxicity was increased 2-fold by EA treatment in glutathione (GSH)-depleted P388/R-84 cells. These results suggest that GST mediated drug inactivation may represent another important mechanism of MMC resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S V Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Maurya AK, Singh SV. Differential induction of glutathione transferase isoenzymes of mice stomach by diallyl sulfide, a naturally occurring anticarcinogen. Cancer Lett 1991; 57:121-9. [PMID: 2025885 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(91)90205-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diallyl sulfide (DAS), an organosulfur compound identified as the flavor component in garlic, has been shown to inhibit chemically induced neoplasia of forestomach and lung in mice. Even though the exact mechanism(s) of anti-neoplastic activity of DAS is not known, several independent studies suggest that this effect may, at least in part, be due to the elevation of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity. To gain further insight into the mechanism(s) of anti-carcinogenic activity of DAS, we have determined effect of orally administered DAS (25, 50 and 75 mumol) on levels of alpha, mu and pi class GSTs and glutathione (GSH) peroxidase and GSH reductase activities of female A/J mice stomach. Western blotting revealed presence of alpha, mu and pi class GSTs in mice stomach. A significant increase in all the three classes of GSTs was observed in the stomach of mice treated with DAS. Maximum increase in GST alpha and pi was evident by treating the animals with 75 mumol DAS whereas maximum induction of GST mu occurred after treating mice with 50 mumol DAS. GSH peroxidase activity towards t-butyl-hydroperoxide increased in a dose-dependent fashion in the mice stomach treated with DAS. Even though this activity towards hydrogen peroxide was similar in mice treated with 50 or 75 mumol DAS, these values were significantly higher than that of the control. GSH reductase was also elevated in the stomach of mice treated with 75 mumol DAS. These results suggest that DAS may exert anti-neoplastic effect by modulating GSH dependent detoxification enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Maurya
- Department of Oncology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33101
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Goyle S, Maurya AK, Rout UK, Kailash S, Maheshwari MC. Sister chromatid exchange in human chromosomes from normal individuals and epileptic patients on combinations of anticonvulsants. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 1989; 9:7-14. [PMID: 2567071 DOI: 10.1002/tcm.1770090103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency, a sensitive indicator in mutagenicity testing, and mitotic index (MI) have been studied to observe genotoxic effects in epileptic patients on routine combinations of anticonvulsant therapy. All patients, both male and female and from various age groups, revealed an increased frequency of SCE per metaphase and a low MI (P less than 0.001) with respect to controls. A nonsignificant decrease in SCE frequency has been observed with an increase in the age of onset of epilepsy. Although the SCE frequency increased and the MI decreased in some groups with respect to the duration of epilepsy, there was no difference observed in SCE frequency with the duration of therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Goyle
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sharma JD, Thakur IS, Maurya AK, Garg A, Singh R. Prosopis juliflora pollen allergen-induced changes in the hypothalamic electroencephalographic and acetylcholinesterase activity in the rat. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1987; 496:419-25. [PMID: 3474981 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb35797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
27
|
Abstract
Therapy with anticonvulsant drugs has often been found to result in somatic chromosome aberrations in adult patients. There is also the possibility of epileptic fathers or mothers playing a role in the production of congenital malformations in their offspring. We have used the technique of sister chromatid exchange (SCE), a sensitive indicator of mutagenicity, to observe the mutagenic susceptibility in both male and female epileptic patients in different age groups prior to and after anticonvulsant therapy, and with respect to control. The frequency of SCE was significantly higher in all the age groups for treated and untreated cases compared with control. Between treated and untreated subjects in age group 26-50 years, a significantly higher SCE frequency was observed in the untreated patients (p less than 0.01). Similarly, untreated male patients showed a significantly higher SCE frequency (p less than 0.025) compared with treated male patients. Although the results of this study provide a general assessment of mutagenicity in epileptic patients that agrees with other studies and emphasizes the role of the disease in the higher occurrence of congenital malformation in their offspring, the importance of higher SCE frequency in untreated patients remains to be explained in further studies.
Collapse
|
28
|
Maurya AK, Goyle S. Mutagenic potential of anticonvulsant diphyenylhydantoin (DPH) on human lymphocytes in vitro. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1985; 7:109-12. [PMID: 4010383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diphenylhydantoin (DPH)-treated human peripheral blood cultures were examined for sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency and mitotic index. A significantly enhanced SCE frequency in DPH-treated cultures was observed at a 15 micrograms/ml concentration (10-20 micrograms/ml DPH therapeutic range) and above. These results suggest an enhanced SCE response of lymphocytes in the therapeutic blood level of DPH. A significant linear fall in mitotic index was observed with increasing DPH concentrations. It is postulated that even in therapeutic doses DPH possibly affects nucleic acid metabolism.
Collapse
|