1
|
Chandramoorthy HC, Shati AA, Aseeri AA, Subramanian A, Alhanshani A, Almohseny EAH, Ram Mani R, Kumar A, Ali Moosa RA, Al-Hakami A, Chidambaram K. Association between Parvovirus B19 and thyroid/celiac autoantibodies among T1DM pediatric patients. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:1998-2004. [PMID: 38497882 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202403_35614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, an overwhelming association between Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and autoimmune diseases has been largely reported. The current study was designed to determine a possible association between autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), celiac disease (CD) - associated autoantibodies, and Parvovirus B19 infection among pediatric T1DM cases in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Blood samples from age groups 1-18 years attending the Diabetic Clinic were collected over a period of 12 months. Serum anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (TG), anti-tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A (TG-IgA), endomysial IgA (EMA-IgA), Parvovirus B19-IgG and IgM antibodies were detected by standard methods. RESULTS The results showed the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroid and CD among pediatric T1DM patients to be 44 (25%) and 25 (14.4%), respectively. The prevalence of antibodies against B19 was 70 (40%). Further determination of the prevalence of Parvovirus B19-IgG antibodies and thyroid antibodies among T1DM pediatric patients revealed that there was a significant association between them with a p<0.0491. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of autoantibodies against the thyroid was higher among the seropositive Parvovirus B19 children with T1DM. A positive association between the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroid disease and the increase in the duration of diabetes was also noted. Hence, periodic screening of T1DM patients for B19 antibodies and autoantibodies for thyroid is crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H C Chandramoorthy
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ramachandran L, Mangaiyarkarasi SP, Subramanian A, Senthilkumar S. Shrimp classification for white spot syndrome detection through enhanced gated recurrent unit-based wild geese migration optimization algorithm. Virus Genes 2024:10.1007/s11262-023-02049-0. [PMID: 38253919 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The major dangerous viral infection for cultivated shrimps is WSSV. The virus is extremely dangerous, spreads swiftly, and may result in up to 100% mortality in 3-10 days. The vast wrapped double stranded DNA virus known as WSSV describes a member of the Nimaviridae viral family's species Whispovirus. It impacts a variety of crustacean hosts but predominantly marine shrimp species that are raised for commercial purposes. The entire age groups are affected by the virus, which leads to widespread mortality. Mesodermal and ectodermal tissues, like the lymph nodes, gills, and cuticular epithelium, represents the centres of infection. Complete genome sequencing related to the WSSV strains from Thailand, China, and Taiwan has identified minute genetic variations amongst them. There exist conflicting findings on the causes of WSSV pathogenicity, which involve variations in the size associated with the genome, the count of tandem repeats, and the availability or lack of certain proteins. Hence, this paper plans to perform the shrimp classification for the WSSV on the basis of novel deep learning methodology. Initially, the data is gathered from the farms as well as internet sources. Next, the pre-processing of the gathered shrimp images is accomplished using the LBP technique. These pre-processed images undergo the segmentation process utilizing the TGVFCMS approach. The extraction of the features from these segmented images is performed by the PLDA technique. In the final step, the classification of the shrimp into healthy shrimp and WSSV affected shrimp is done by the EGRU, in which the parameter tuning is accomplished by the wild GMO algorithm with the consideration of accuracy maximization as the major objective function. Performance indicators for accuracy have been compared with those of various conventional methods, and the results show that the methodology is capable of accurately identifying the shrimp WSSV illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Ramachandran
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College, Nagapattinam, Tamilnadu, 611002, India.
| | - S P Mangaiyarkarasi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University College of Engineering, Panruti Campus, Panruti, Tamilnadu, 607106, India
| | - A Subramanian
- Srinivasa Ramanujan Centre, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu, 612001, India
| | - S Senthilkumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College, Nagapattinam, Tamilnadu, 611002, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Subramanian A, Tamilanban T, Sekar M, Begum MY, Atiya A, Ramachawolran G, Wong LS, Subramaniyan V, Gan SH, Mat Rani NNI, Wu YS, Chinni SV, Fuloria S, Fuloria NK. Neuroprotective potential of Marsilea quadrifolia Linn against monosodium glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1212376. [PMID: 37781695 PMCID: PMC10537931 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1212376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Excitotoxicity is a condition in which neurons are damaged/injured by the over-activation of glutamate receptors. Excitotoxins play a crucial part in the progression of several neurological diseases. Marsilea quadrifolia Linn (M. quadrifolia) is a very popular aquatic medicinal plant that has been utilised for a variety of therapeutic benefits since ancient times. Its chemical composition is diverse and includes phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates and several others that possess antioxidant properties. Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective potential of M. quadrifolia against monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced excitotoxicity in rats. Methods: A high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of chloroform extract of M. quadrifolia (CEMQ) was conducted to identify the major constituents. Further, the in silico docking analysis was carried out on selected ligands. To confirm CEMQ's neuroprotective effects, the locomotor activity, non-spatial memory, and learning were assessed. Results and discussion: The present study confirmed that CMEQ contains quercetin and its derivatives in large. The in-silico findings indicated that quercetin has a better binding affinity (-7.9 kcal/mol) towards the protein target 5EWJ. Animals treated with MSG had 1) a greater reduction in the locomotor score and impairment in memory and learning 2) a greater increase in the blood levels of calcium and sodium and 3) neuronal disorganization, along with cerebral edema and neuronal degeneration in the brain tissues as compared to normal control animals. The changes were however, significantly improved in animals which received standard drug memantine (20 mg/kg) and CEMQ (200 and 400 mg/kg) as compared to the negative control. It is plausible that the changes seen with CEMQ may be attributed to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonistic properties. Conclusion: Overall, this study indicated that M. quadrifolia ameliorated MSG-induced neurotoxicity. Future investigations are required to explore the neuroprotective mechanism of M. quadrifolia and its active constituents, which will provide exciting insights in the therapeutic management of neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Subramanian
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T. Tamilanban
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. Yasmin Begum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akhtar Atiya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gobinath Ramachawolran
- Department of Foundation, RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus, Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Suresh V. Chinni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience, and Nursing, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Angelopoulos V, Zhang XJ, Artemyev AV, Mourenas D, Tsai E, Wilkins C, Runov A, Liu J, Turner DL, Li W, Khurana K, Wirz RE, Sergeev VA, Meng X, Wu J, Hartinger MD, Raita T, Shen Y, An X, Shi X, Bashir MF, Shen X, Gan L, Qin M, Capannolo L, Ma Q, Russell CL, Masongsong EV, Caron R, He I, Iglesias L, Jha S, King J, Kumar S, Le K, Mao J, McDermott A, Nguyen K, Norris A, Palla A, Roosnovo A, Tam J, Xie E, Yap RC, Ye S, Young C, Adair LA, Shaffer C, Chung M, Cruce P, Lawson M, Leneman D, Allen M, Anderson M, Arreola-Zamora M, Artinger J, Asher J, Branchevsky D, Cliffe M, Colton K, Costello C, Depe D, Domae BW, Eldin S, Fitzgibbon L, Flemming A, Frederick DM, Gilbert A, Hesford B, Krieger R, Lian K, McKinney E, Miller JP, Pedersen C, Qu Z, Rozario R, Rubly M, Seaton R, Subramanian A, Sundin SR, Tan A, Thomlinson D, Turner W, Wing G, Wong C, Zarifian A. Energetic Electron Precipitation Driven by Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves from ELFIN's Low Altitude Perspective. Space Sci Rev 2023; 219:37. [PMID: 37448777 PMCID: PMC10335998 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-023-00984-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
We review comprehensive observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave-driven energetic electron precipitation using data collected by the energetic electron detector on the Electron Losses and Fields InvestigatioN (ELFIN) mission, two polar-orbiting low-altitude spinning CubeSats, measuring 50-5000 keV electrons with good pitch-angle and energy resolution. EMIC wave-driven precipitation exhibits a distinct signature in energy-spectrograms of the precipitating-to-trapped flux ratio: peaks at >0.5 MeV which are abrupt (bursty) (lasting ∼17 s, or Δ L ∼ 0.56 ) with significant substructure (occasionally down to sub-second timescale). We attribute the bursty nature of the precipitation to the spatial extent and structuredness of the wave field at the equator. Multiple ELFIN passes over the same MLT sector allow us to study the spatial and temporal evolution of the EMIC wave - electron interaction region. Case studies employing conjugate ground-based or equatorial observations of the EMIC waves reveal that the energy of moderate and strong precipitation at ELFIN approximately agrees with theoretical expectations for cyclotron resonant interactions in a cold plasma. Using multiple years of ELFIN data uniformly distributed in local time, we assemble a statistical database of ∼50 events of strong EMIC wave-driven precipitation. Most reside at L ∼ 5 - 7 at dusk, while a smaller subset exists at L ∼ 8 - 12 at post-midnight. The energies of the peak-precipitation ratio and of the half-peak precipitation ratio (our proxy for the minimum resonance energy) exhibit an L -shell dependence in good agreement with theoretical estimates based on prior statistical observations of EMIC wave power spectra. The precipitation ratio's spectral shape for the most intense events has an exponential falloff away from the peak (i.e., on either side of ∼ 1.45 MeV). It too agrees well with quasi-linear diffusion theory based on prior statistics of wave spectra. It should be noted though that this diffusive treatment likely includes effects from nonlinear resonant interactions (especially at high energies) and nonresonant effects from sharp wave packet edges (at low energies). Sub-MeV electron precipitation observed concurrently with strong EMIC wave-driven >1 MeV precipitation has a spectral shape that is consistent with efficient pitch-angle scattering down to ∼ 200-300 keV by much less intense higher frequency EMIC waves at dusk (where such waves are most frequent). At ∼100 keV, whistler-mode chorus may be implicated in concurrent precipitation. These results confirm the critical role of EMIC waves in driving relativistic electron losses. Nonlinear effects may abound and require further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Angelopoulos
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - X.-J. Zhang
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA
| | - A. V. Artemyev
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | | | - E. Tsai
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - C. Wilkins
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - A. Runov
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - J. Liu
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Departments, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - D. L. Turner
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland USA
| | - W. Li
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Departments, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - K. Khurana
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - R. E. Wirz
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - V. A. Sergeev
- University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - X. Meng
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - J. Wu
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - M. D. Hartinger
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301 USA
| | - T. Raita
- Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Sodankylä, Finland
| | - Y. Shen
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - X. An
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - X. Shi
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - M. F. Bashir
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - X. Shen
- Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - L. Gan
- Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - M. Qin
- Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - L. Capannolo
- Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Q. Ma
- Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - C. L. Russell
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - E. V. Masongsong
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - R. Caron
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - I. He
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - L. Iglesias
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Deloitte Consulting, New York, NY 10112 USA
| | - S. Jha
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Microsoft, Redmond, WA 98052 USA
| | - J. King
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - S. Kumar
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - K. Le
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - J. Mao
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Raybeam, Inc., Mountain View, CA 94041 USA
| | - A. McDermott
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - K. Nguyen
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA
| | - A. Norris
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - A. Palla
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Reliable Robotics Corporation, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA
| | - A. Roosnovo
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - J. Tam
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - E. Xie
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Deloitte Consulting, New York, NY 10112 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - R. C. Yap
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mathematics Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Planet Labs, PBC, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
| | - S. Ye
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - C. Young
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Microsoft, Redmond, WA 98052 USA
| | - L. A. Adair
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: KSAT, Inc., Denver, CO 80231 USA
| | - C. Shaffer
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc., Irvine, CA 92618 USA
| | - M. Chung
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
| | - P. Cruce
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Apple, Cupertino, CA 95014 USA
| | - M. Lawson
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - D. Leneman
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - M. Allen
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Zipline International, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - M. Anderson
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mathematics Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Lucid Motors, Newark, CA 94560 USA
| | - M. Arreola-Zamora
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
| | - J. Artinger
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: College of Engineering and Computer Science, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
| | - J. Asher
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
| | - D. Branchevsky
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - M. Cliffe
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - K. Colton
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mathematics Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Planet Labs, PBC, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
| | - C. Costello
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Heliogen, Pasadena, CA 91103 USA
| | - D. Depe
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Argo AI, LLC, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA
| | - B. W. Domae
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - S. Eldin
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Microsoft, Redmond, WA 98052 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - L. Fitzgibbon
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Terran Orbital, Irvine, CA 92618 USA
| | - A. Flemming
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
| | - D. M. Frederick
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Millenium Space Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
| | - A. Gilbert
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - B. Hesford
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - R. Krieger
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Mercedes-Benz Research and Development North America, Long Beach, CA 90810 USA
| | - K. Lian
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
| | - E. McKinney
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Geosyntec Consultants, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA
| | - J. P. Miller
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Juniper Networks Sunnyvale, California, 94089 USA
| | - C. Pedersen
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Z. Qu
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Niantic Inc., San Francisco, CA 94111 USA
| | - R. Rozario
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA
| | - M. Rubly
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Teledyne Scientific and Imaging, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA
| | - R. Seaton
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - A. Subramanian
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - S. R. Sundin
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Naval Surface Warfare Center Corona Division, Norco, CA 92860 USA
| | - A. Tan
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Epirus Inc., Torrance, CA 90501 USA
| | - D. Thomlinson
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
| | - W. Turner
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - G. Wing
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Amazon, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - C. Wong
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - A. Zarifian
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Subramanian A, Tamilanban T, Alsayari A, Ramachawolran G, Wong LS, Sekar M, Gan SH, Subramaniyan V, Chinni SV, Izzati Mat Rani NN, Suryadevara N, Wahab S. Trilateral association of autophagy, mTOR and Alzheimer's disease: Potential pathway in the development for Alzheimer's disease therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1094351. [PMID: 36618946 PMCID: PMC9817151 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1094351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary and considerable weakening event affecting elderly individuals is age-dependent cognitive decline and dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the chief cause of progressive dementia, and it is characterized by irreparable loss of cognitive abilities, forming senile plaques having Amyloid Beta (Aβ) aggregates and neurofibrillary tangles with considerable amounts of tau in affected hippocampus and cortex regions of human brains. AD affects millions of people worldwide, and the count is showing an increasing trend. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the underlying mechanisms at molecular levels to generate novel insights into the pathogenesis of AD and other cognitive deficits. A growing body of evidence elicits the regulatory relationship between the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and AD. In addition, the role of autophagy, a systematic degradation, and recycling of cellular components like accumulated proteins and damaged organelles in AD, is also pivotal. The present review describes different mechanisms and signaling regulations highlighting the trilateral association of autophagy, the mTOR pathway, and AD with a description of inhibiting drugs/molecules of mTOR, a strategic target in AD. Downregulation of mTOR signaling triggers autophagy activation, degrading the misfolded proteins and preventing the further accumulation of misfolded proteins that inhibit the progression of AD. Other target mechanisms such as autophagosome maturation, and autophagy-lysosomal pathway, may initiate a faulty autophagy process resulting in senile plaques due to defective lysosomal acidification and alteration in lysosomal pH. Hence, the strong link between mTOR and autophagy can be explored further as a potential mechanism for AD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Subramanian
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India
| | - T. Tamilanban
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India,*Correspondence: T. Tamilanban, ; Gobinath Ramachawolran, ; Ling Shing Wong, ; Mahendran Sekar,
| | - Abdulrhman Alsayari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia,Complementary and Alternative Medicine Unit, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gobinath Ramachawolran
- Department of Foundation, RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus, Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia,*Correspondence: T. Tamilanban, ; Gobinath Ramachawolran, ; Ling Shing Wong, ; Mahendran Sekar,
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia,*Correspondence: T. Tamilanban, ; Gobinath Ramachawolran, ; Ling Shing Wong, ; Mahendran Sekar,
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia,*Correspondence: T. Tamilanban, ; Gobinath Ramachawolran, ; Ling Shing Wong, ; Mahendran Sekar,
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suresh V. Chinni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience, and Nursing, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Selangor, Malaysia,Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Nagaraja Suryadevara
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia,Complementary and Alternative Medicine Unit, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rastegar S, Ahmadiparidari A, Singh SK, Zhang C, Hemmat Z, Dandu N, Counihan MJ, Bagheri M, Rojas T, Majidi L, Wang S, Jaradat A, Assary RS, Redfern PC, Mirbod P, Tepavcevic S, Subramanian A, Ngo AT, Curtiss LA, Salehi-Khojin A. A KMnO 4-Generated Colloidal Electrolyte for Redox Mediation and Anode Protection in a Li-Air Battery. ACS Nano 2022; 16:18187-18199. [PMID: 36326201 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The rechargeable lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) battery has the highest theoretical specific energy density of any rechargeable batteries and could transform energy storage systems if a practical device could be attained. However, among numerous challenges, which are all interconnected, are polarization due to sluggish kinetics, low cycle life, small capacity, and slow rates. In this study, we report on use of KMnO4 to generate a colloidal electrolyte made up of MnO2 nanoparticles. The resulting electrolyte provides a redox mediator for reducing the charge potential and lithium anode protection to increase cycle life. This electrolyte in combination with a stable binary transition metal dichalcogenide alloy, Nb0.5Ta0.5S2, as the cathode enables the operation of a Li-O2 battery at a current density of 1 mA·cm-2 and specific capacity ranging from 1000 to 10 000 mA·h·g-1 (corresponding to 0.1-1 mA·h·cm-2) in a dry air environment with a cycle life of up to 150. This colloidal electrolyte provides a robust approach for advancing Li-air batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Rastegar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Alireza Ahmadiparidari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Chengji Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zahra Hemmat
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Naveen Dandu
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Michael J Counihan
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Maryam Bagheri
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Tomas Rojas
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Leily Majidi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Shuxi Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Ahmad Jaradat
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Rajeev S Assary
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Paul C Redfern
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Parisa Mirbod
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Sanja Tepavcevic
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Arunkumar Subramanian
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Anh T Ngo
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Larry A Curtiss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Amin Salehi-Khojin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Subramanian A, Steiner AZ, Weinberg CR, Doss GL, Jukic AMZ. Preconception vitamin D and miscarriage in a prospective cohort study. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:2465-2473. [PMID: 35834313 PMCID: PMC9527460 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is preconception vitamin D level associated with the risk of miscarriage? SUMMARY ANSWER Preconception vitamin D levels are not associated with the risk of miscarriage in a population of women conceiving naturally. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In humans, low vitamin D has been associated with prolonged menstrual cycles, delayed ovulation and a lower probability of conception. Animal and in vitro data indicate that vitamin D may affect implantation. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This prospective time-to-pregnancy study included 362 women who were trying to conceive naturally between 2008 and 2015. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS This study included participants who had been trying to conceive naturally for 3 months or less at enrollment and aged 30-44 years. A preconception blood sample was collected and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured. Women who conceived (N = 362) were at risk of a miscarriage from the day of a reported positive pregnancy test until either a participant-reported pregnancy loss or 20 weeks post day of last menstrual period, whichever came first. Gestational age was defined by ovulation. Time to miscarriage (days) or censoring was modeled using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Multiple imputation was performed for missing covariates and missing day of ovulation. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The mean age was 33 years (SD: 3.0 years). Mean 25(OH)D was lower among those who reported their race as African-American and those with a higher BMI. After adjustment for age, race, BMI, education, exercise, alcohol and caffeine intake, compared to the referent group (30-<40 ng/ml), the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI for those with a low 25(OH)D level (<30 ng/ml) was 1.10 (CI: 0.62, 1.91). Among participants with a higher 25(OH)D level (≥40 ng/ml), the HR was 1.07 (CI: 0.62, 1.84). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study was limited by a 25(OH)D measurement at only a single time point. A large percentage of women in this study had sufficient vitamin D levels, which may have limited our power to detect an effect of deficiency. Women in this study were older (30-44 years), and predominantly reported their race as White which may limit generalizability. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The findings of this study do not suggest an association between preconception vitamin D and miscarriage. Future research should focus on women at greater risk for miscarriage or in populations at risk for vitamin D deficiency or on supplementation. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01ES103333). This research was also supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under award numbers R00HD079659 and R01HD067683. The authors have no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Subramanian
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A Z Steiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - G L Doss
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A M Z Jukic
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ribbits A, Bowyer C, Kori R, Uddin S, Subramanian A, Shah L. 703 Is the Grass Always Greener on the Other Side? – How Do Breast Cancer Patients Feel About Moving to a ‘Green Hub’? Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac269.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Between January and September 2020 our base hospital recorded zero COVID-19 incidence in breast surgery patients, in 30 days post-op, with stringent admission protocols including 14 days self-isolation, PCR testing, ‘green’ wards and designated ‘green’ theatres. However, as the UK entered its third lockdown in January 6th2021 the decision was made to move breast cancer surgery off-site to a ‘green hub’ 43 miles away. The aim of this study was to assess the impact this had on patients.
Method
Patients who had surgery moved off-site were requested to anonymously complete a questionnaire which was either posted or handed to them at follow-up. The questionnaire contained 11 Multiple Choice questions and a comments section.
Results
16 of 19 patients (84.21%) responded to the questionnaire. 16 of 16 (100%) understood the reason for the move. 2 (12.5%) stated that it increased anxiety/stress levels while 3 (18.75%) reported the opposite, and the remainder were neutral. 14 (87.5%) said the move made them feel safer, 1 (6.25%) did not feel safer, with the remaining 1 (6.25%) unsure. 15 (93.75%) felt they received enough information at base and 16 (100%) received sufficient discharge information at the ‘green hub’. All 16 (100%) were satisfied with the move off-site but only 15 (93.75%) supported the decision.
Conclusions
The responses indicate that the decision to move breast surgery off-site was supported and well understood. And while for a minority of patients this increased pre-operative anxiety/stress levels, it did make the majority feel safer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ribbits
- East Sussex NHS Trust , Hastings , United Kingdom
- Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Trust , London , United Kingdom
| | - C Bowyer
- East Sussex NHS Trust , Hastings , United Kingdom
| | - R Kori
- East Sussex NHS Trust , Hastings , United Kingdom
| | - S Uddin
- East Sussex NHS Trust , Hastings , United Kingdom
| | | | - L Shah
- East Sussex NHS Trust , Hastings , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Subramanian A, Balasubramanyam S, Krishna Gandhi M, Joseph S. P-186 ART outcomes in ICSI cycles with normal and morphologically variant (MV) oocytes in the same cohort. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
To evaluate ART outcomes of ICSI cycles from normal oocytes (A) Vs normal and MV oocytes (B) and all MV oocytes in the cohort (C).
Summary answer
Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), Implantation rate (IR) and live birth rates (LBR) were clinically satisfactory even in group C
What is known already
In routine IVF laboratories, oocytes are subjected to a rapid evaluation using an inverted microscope to evaluate morphological variants in the cytoplasm, peri-vitelline space and zona pellucida, which is very superficial and subjective. Post ICSI, focus entirely shifts to embryo morphology studies and outcome of such morphologically variant oocytes are less explored. Transferring embryos selected by morphological assessment alone and by neglecting oocyte quality may result in compromised in vitro development, low pregnancy rates, miscarriage rates and further negative consequences
Study design, size, duration
A prospective observational study of 212 women who underwent ICSI cycles from September 2020 to December 2021 were taken up for the study of which, 106 subjects had all normal oocytes in the cohort (A), 67 subjects had both normal and abnormal oocytes (B) and 28 subjects had all morphologically variant oocytes (C)
Participants/materials, setting, methods
212 consecutive women aged 24-38 undergoing ICSI cycles in a private fertility hospital were included. ICSI was performed for all oocytes, embryos cultured until Day 5. Primary outcome measure was to compare ART outcomes between three groups. Secondary outcome measure was to determine minimum threshold of normal oocytes required for higher live birth rate by comparing ART outcomes of patients with at least 7 normal oocytes (n = 51) Vs those with <7 normal oocytes (n = 55).
Main results and the role of chance
The study showed a highly significant difference in CPR (P < 0.0001), IR (P = 0.0001) and LBR (P = 0.01) when embryos with all morphologically normal oocytes were transferred compared to embryos with morphologically variant oocytes were transferred. There was no difference in ICSI outcomes including fertilization rate, ICSI degeneration rate, early embryo development rate and blastulation rate between the three groups.
The study also revealed that a minimum of 7 normal oocytes in the cohort gave significant difference in CPR (P = 0.01), IR (P = 0.02) and LBR (P = 0.0005) when compared to the women who had less than 7 normal oocytes in the same cohort.
The outcome of each of the normal and MV oocytes were evaluated by culturing the MV oocytes separately in culture until Day 5. The embryos formed from MV oocytes were vitrified separately and was transferred only when there were no embryos were available for transfer from the normal oocytes obtained from the same cohort.
Limitations, reasons for caution
The study is to be continued further, until >1000 oocytes are evaluated to confirm if more robust results are obtained, so that sample size in all the three groups are also higher.
Wider implications of the findings
This study implies that instead of discarding or not injecting oocytes with morphological variants, transferring those embryos with some morphologically variant oocytes also results in a clinically satisfactory outcome and live birth rates.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Subramanian
- Cloud Nine Hospital, Department of Fertility , Chennai, India
| | | | | | - S.C Joseph
- Cloud Nine Hospital, Department of Fertility , Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Majidi L, Ahmadiparidari A, Shan N, Kumar Singh S, Zhang C, Huang Z, Rastegar S, Kumar K, Hemmat Z, Ngo AT, Zapol P, Cabana J, Subramanian A, Curtiss LA, Salehi-Khojin A. Nanostructured Conductive Metal Organic Frameworks for Sustainable Low Charge Overpotentials in Li-Air Batteries. Small 2022; 18:e2102902. [PMID: 35083855 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-oxygen batteries are among the most attractive alternatives for future electrified transportation. However, their practical application is hindered by many obstacles. Due to the insulating nature of Li2 O2 product and the slow kinetics of reactions, attaining sustainable low charge overpotentials at high rates becomes a challenge resulting in the battery's early failure and low round trip efficiency. Herein, outstanding characteristics are discovered of a conductive metal organic framework (c-MOF) that promotes the growth of nanocrystalline Li2 O2 with amorphous regions. This provides a platform for the continuous growth of Li2 O2 units away from framework, enabling a fast discharge at high current rates. Moreover, the Li2 O2 structure works in synergy with the redox mediator (RM). The conductivity of the amorphous regions of the Li2 O2 allows the RM to act directly on the Li2 O2 surface instead of catalyst edges and then transport through the electrolyte to the Li2 O2 surface. This direct charge transfer enables a small charge potential of <3.7 V under high current densities (1-2 A g-1 ) sustained for a long cycle life (100-300 cycles) for large capacities (1000-2000 mAh g-1 ). These results open a new direction for utilizing c-MOFs towards advanced energy storage systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leily Majidi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Alireza Ahmadiparidari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Nannan Shan
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Chengji Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Zhehao Huang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Sina Rastegar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Khagesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Zahra Hemmat
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Anh T Ngo
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Peter Zapol
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Jordi Cabana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Arunkumar Subramanian
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Larry A Curtiss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Amin Salehi-Khojin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jaradat A, Zhang C, Singh SK, Ahmed J, Ahmadiparidari A, Majidi L, Rastegar S, Hemmat Z, Wang S, Ngo AT, Curtiss LA, Daly M, Subramanian A, Salehi-Khojin A. High Performance Air Breathing Flexible Lithium-Air Battery. Small 2021; 17:e2102072. [PMID: 34528359 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-oxygen (Li-O2 ) batteries possess the highest theoretical energy density (3500 Wh kg-1 ), which makes them attractive candidates for modern electronics and transportation applications. In this work, an inexpensive, flexible, and wearable Li-O2 battery based on the bifunctional redox mediator of InBr3 , MoS2 cathode catalyst, and Fomblin-based oxygen permeable membrane that enable long-cycle-life operation of the battery in pure oxygen, dry air, and ambient air is designed, fabricated, and tested. The battery operates in ambient air with an open system air-breathing architecture and exhibits excellent cycling up to 240 at the high current density of 1 A g-1 with a relative humidity of 75%. The electrochemical performance of the battery including deep-discharge capacity, and rate capability remains almost identical after 1000 cycle in a bending fatigue test. This finding opens a new direction for utilizing high performance Li-O2 batteries for applications in the field of flexible and wearable electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jaradat
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Chengji Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Junaid Ahmed
- Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Alireza Ahmadiparidari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Leily Majidi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Sina Rastegar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Zahra Hemmat
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Shuxi Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Anh T Ngo
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
| | - Larry A Curtiss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Matthew Daly
- Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Arunkumar Subramanian
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Amin Salehi-Khojin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vidya R, Leff DR, Green M, McIntosh SA, St John E, Kirwan CC, Romics L, Cutress RI, Potter S, Carmichael A, Subramanian A, O'Connell R, Fairbrother P, Fenlon D, Benson J, Holcombe C. Innovations for the future of breast surgery. Br J Surg 2021; 108:908-916. [PMID: 34059874 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Future innovations in science and technology with an impact on multimodal breast cancer management from a surgical perspective are discussed in this narrative review. The work was undertaken in response to the Commission on the Future of Surgery project initiated by the Royal College of Surgeons of England. METHODS Expert opinion was sought around themes of surgical de-escalation, reduction in treatment morbidities, and improving the accuracy of breast-conserving surgery in terms of margin status. There was emphasis on how the primacy of surgical excision in an era of oncoplastic and reconstructive surgery is increasingly being challenged, with more effective systemic therapies that target residual disease burden, and permit response-adapted approaches to both breast and axillary surgery. RESULTS Technologies for intraoperative margin assessment can potentially half re-excision rates after breast-conserving surgery, and sentinel lymph node biopsy will become a therapeutic procedure for many patients with node-positive disease treated either with surgery or chemotherapy as the primary modality. Genomic profiling of tumours can aid in the selection of patients for neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies as well as prevention strategies. Molecular subtypes are predictive of response to induction therapies and reductive approaches to surgery in the breast or axilla. CONCLUSION Treatments are increasingly being tailored and based on improved understanding of tumour biology and relevant biomarkers to determine absolute benefit and permit delivery of cost-effective healthcare. Patient involvement is crucial for breast cancer studies to ensure relevance and outcome measures that are objective, meaningful, and patient-centred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Vidya
- Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - D R Leff
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Green
- The Walsall NHS Trust, Walsall, UK
| | - S A McIntosh
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - E St John
- Locum Consultant Oncoplastic Breast Surgeon, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - C C Kirwan
- Nightingale Breast Cancer Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - L Romics
- New Victoria Hospital Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - R I Cutress
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - S Potter
- Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK.,Bristol Breast Care Centre, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - A Carmichael
- University Hospital of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Burton upon Trent, UK
| | | | - R O'Connell
- Department of Breast Surgery, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | | | - D Fenlon
- College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - J Benson
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.,School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford and Cambridge, UK
| | - C Holcombe
- Linda McCartney Centre, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hegde G, Subramanian A, Azzopardi C, Patel A, James SL, Botchu R. Iliotibial band enthesopathy: an unusual cause of lateral knee pain post total knee replacement. J Ultrasound 2021; 25:83-87. [PMID: 33591565 PMCID: PMC8964855 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-021-00565-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Iliotibial band (ITB) pathology is one of the main causes of lateral knee pain. The enthesopathy of the ITB at its insertion post total knee replacement (TKR) is a rare cause of lateral knee pain. We describe a series of cases of ITB enthesopathy with sonographic findings and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Hegde
- Department of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Subramanian
- Department of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Azzopardi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Patel
- Department of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham, UK
| | - S L James
- Department of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rajesh Botchu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Crosby LD, Kalanidhi S, Bonilla A, Subramanian A, Ballon JS, Bonilla H. Off label use of Aripiprazole shows promise as a treatment for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): a retrospective study of 101 patients treated with a low dose of Aripiprazole. J Transl Med 2021; 19:50. [PMID: 33536023 PMCID: PMC7860172 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L D Crosby
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - S Kalanidhi
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - A Bonilla
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.,University of Michigan, College of Literature, Sciences, and Arts, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Subramanian
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - J S Ballon
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - H Bonilla
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Peacock J, Li C, Grass D, Frakes J, Subramanian A, Scott J, Liu X, Torres-Roca J. The Linear Quadratic Model in the Era of Personalized Medicine. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
16
|
Angelopoulos V, Tsai E, Bingley L, Shaffer C, Turner DL, Runov A, Li W, Liu J, Artemyev AV, Zhang XJ, Strangeway RJ, Wirz RE, Shprits YY, Sergeev VA, Caron RP, Chung M, Cruce P, Greer W, Grimes E, Hector K, Lawson MJ, Leneman D, Masongsong EV, Russell CL, Wilkins C, Hinkley D, Blake JB, Adair N, Allen M, Anderson M, Arreola-Zamora M, Artinger J, Asher J, Branchevsky D, Capitelli MR, Castro R, Chao G, Chung N, Cliffe M, Colton K, Costello C, Depe D, Domae BW, Eldin S, Fitzgibbon L, Flemming A, Fox I, Frederick DM, Gilbert A, Gildemeister A, Gonzalez A, Hesford B, Jha S, Kang N, King J, Krieger R, Lian K, Mao J, McKinney E, Miller JP, Norris A, Nuesca M, Palla A, Park ESY, Pedersen CE, Qu Z, Rozario R, Rye E, Seaton R, Subramanian A, Sundin SR, Tan A, Turner W, Villegas AJ, Wasden M, Wing G, Wong C, Xie E, Yamamoto S, Yap R, Zarifian A, Zhang GY. The ELFIN Mission. Space Sci Rev 2020; 216:103. [PMID: 32831412 PMCID: PMC7413588 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-020-00721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Electron Loss and Fields Investigation with a Spatio-Temporal Ambiguity-Resolving option (ELFIN-STAR, or heretoforth simply: ELFIN) mission comprises two identical 3-Unit (3U) CubeSats on a polar (∼93∘ inclination), nearly circular, low-Earth (∼450 km altitude) orbit. Launched on September 15, 2018, ELFIN is expected to have a >2.5 year lifetime. Its primary science objective is to resolve the mechanism of storm-time relativistic electron precipitation, for which electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are a prime candidate. From its ionospheric vantage point, ELFIN uses its unique pitch-angle-resolving capability to determine whether measured relativistic electron pitch-angle and energy spectra within the loss cone bear the characteristic signatures of scattering by EMIC waves or whether such scattering may be due to other processes. Pairing identical ELFIN satellites with slowly-variable along-track separation allows disambiguation of spatial and temporal evolution of the precipitation over minutes-to-tens-of-minutes timescales, faster than the orbit period of a single low-altitude satellite (Torbit ∼ 90 min). Each satellite carries an energetic particle detector for electrons (EPDE) that measures 50 keV to 5 MeV electrons with Δ E/E < 40% and a fluxgate magnetometer (FGM) on a ∼72 cm boom that measures magnetic field waves (e.g., EMIC waves) in the range from DC to 5 Hz Nyquist (nominally) with <0.3 nT/sqrt(Hz) noise at 1 Hz. The spinning satellites (Tspin ∼ 3 s) are equipped with magnetorquers (air coils) that permit spin-up or -down and reorientation maneuvers. Using those, the spin axis is placed normal to the orbit plane (nominally), allowing full pitch-angle resolution twice per spin. An energetic particle detector for ions (EPDI) measures 250 keV - 5 MeV ions, addressing secondary science. Funded initially by CalSpace and the University Nanosat Program, ELFIN was selected for flight with joint support from NSF and NASA between 2014 and 2018 and launched by the ELaNa XVIII program on a Delta II rocket (with IceSatII as the primary). Mission operations are currently funded by NASA. Working under experienced UCLA mentors, with advice from The Aerospace Corporation and NASA personnel, more than 250 undergraduates have matured the ELFIN implementation strategy; developed the instruments, satellite, and ground systems and operate the two satellites. ELFIN's already high potential for cutting-edge science return is compounded by concurrent equatorial Heliophysics missions (THEMIS, Arase, Van Allen Probes, MMS) and ground stations. ELFIN's integrated data analysis approach, rapid dissemination strategies via the SPace Environment Data Analysis System (SPEDAS), and data coordination with the Heliophysics/Geospace System Observatory (H/GSO) optimize science yield, enabling the widest community benefits. Several storm-time events have already been captured and are presented herein to demonstrate ELFIN's data analysis methods and potential. These form the basis of on-going studies to resolve the primary mission science objective. Broad energy precipitation events, precipitation bands, and microbursts, clearly seen both at dawn and dusk, extend from tens of keV to >1 MeV. This broad energy range of precipitation indicates that multiple waves are providing scattering concurrently. Many observed events show significant backscattered fluxes, which in the past were hard to resolve by equatorial spacecraft or non-pitch-angle-resolving ionospheric missions. These observations suggest that the ionosphere plays a significant role in modifying magnetospheric electron fluxes and wave-particle interactions. Routine data captures starting in February 2020 and lasting for at least another year, approximately the remainder of the mission lifetime, are expected to provide a very rich dataset to address questions even beyond the primary mission science objective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Angelopoulos
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - E Tsai
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - L Bingley
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - C Shaffer
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc., Irvine, CA 92618 USA
| | - D L Turner
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
| | - A Runov
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - W Li
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - J Liu
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - A V Artemyev
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - X-J Zhang
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - R J Strangeway
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - R E Wirz
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Y Y Shprits
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, 14473 Germany
| | - V A Sergeev
- Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
| | - R P Caron
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - M Chung
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
| | - P Cruce
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
| | - W Greer
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - E Grimes
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - K Hector
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
| | - M J Lawson
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - D Leneman
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - E V Masongsong
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - C L Russell
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - C Wilkins
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - D Hinkley
- The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
| | - J B Blake
- The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
| | - N Adair
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Millenium Space Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - M Allen
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
| | - M Anderson
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Aptiv, Agoura Hills, CA 91301 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - M Arreola-Zamora
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - J Artinger
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - J Asher
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
| | - D Branchevsky
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - M R Capitelli
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Millenium Space Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - R Castro
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
| | - G Chao
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: The Boeing Company, Long Beach, CA 90808 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - N Chung
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: SF Motors, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - M Cliffe
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - K Colton
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Planet Labs, Inc., San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - C Costello
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - D Depe
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - B W Domae
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - S Eldin
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - L Fitzgibbon
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc., Irvine, CA 92618 USA
| | - A Flemming
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
| | - I Fox
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - D M Frederick
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Millenium Space Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - A Gilbert
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - A Gildemeister
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
| | - A Gonzalez
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - B Hesford
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - S Jha
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - N Kang
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Millenium Space Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - J King
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - R Krieger
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Mercedes-Benz Research and Development North America, Long Beach, CA 90810 USA
| | - K Lian
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
| | - J Mao
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Verona, WI 53593 USA
| | - E McKinney
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768 USA
| | - J P Miller
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - A Norris
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - M Nuesca
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - A Palla
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - E S Y Park
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Economics Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - C E Pedersen
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Z Qu
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - R Rozario
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - E Rye
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - R Seaton
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - A Subramanian
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
| | - S R Sundin
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc., Irvine, CA 92618 USA
| | - A Tan
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Experior Laboratories, Oxnard, CA 93033 USA
| | - W Turner
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - A J Villegas
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - M Wasden
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - G Wing
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - C Wong
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - E Xie
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - S Yamamoto
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - R Yap
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Mathematics Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - A Zarifian
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - G Y Zhang
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Present Address: Qualcomm, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Singh SK, Subramanian A. Phase-field simulations of electrohydrodynamic jetting for printing nano-to-microscopic constructs. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25022-25028. [PMID: 35517438 PMCID: PMC9055245 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04214e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A numerical simulation is presented for predicting the transient ejection of micro-/nano-scopic jets from microscale nozzles, when a liquid confined within the nozzle is subjected to an external electric field. This simulation is based on the Taylor–Melcher leaky dielectric model, and uses the phase field method for interface tracking. The presented model is able to successfully simulate the deformation of a flat liquid meniscus into a Taylor cone, eventually leading to jet formation and breakup into droplets. Several simulations are performed to understand the effect of process parameters like applied voltage, liquid flow rate and properties on jet ejection dynamics. The results reveal the dependence of the ejected jet diameter and current primarily on the applied electric potential, liquid flow rate and electrical conductivity of the liquid. For high conductivity liquids, it is found that the convection current is of the same order of magnitude as the conduction current. In contrast, the convection current dominates the conduction current during jet ejection in the case of low conductivity liquids, regardless of the flow rate. It is also found that stable jets smaller than 200 nm can be produced from a 2 μm nozzle, which would facilitate patterning structures at the nanoscale. This model presents an approach to analyze the effect of process parameters on electrojet ejections and can effectively guide the design of printheads for e-jet systems that pattern nanoscale features in jetting and nano-dripping modes from microscopic nozzles. This paper simulates the transient evolution of an electrohydrodynamic jet and reveals the dependence of its characteristics on the underlying process parameters.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin K Singh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Arunkumar Subramanian
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- A Subramanian
- Department of Neurology, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - A Kecler-Pietrzyk
- Department of Radiology, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - S M Murphy
- Department of Neurology, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Moayedi Y, Henricksen E, Lafreniere-Roula M, Fan C, Multani A, Puing A, Couture-Cosette A, Quintero O, Han J, Feng K, Lee R, Duclos S, Lyapin A, Purewal S, Subramanian A, Ross H, Hiesinger W, Khush K, Teuteberg J. Moving towards an Induction-Free Era: Short-Term Renal and Infectious Outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
20
|
Singh P, Subramanian A, Adderley N, Gokhale K, Singhal R, Bellary S, Nirantharakumar K, Tahrani AA. Impact of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality: a population-based cohort study. Br J Surg 2020; 107:432-442. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cohort studies have shown that bariatric surgery may reduce the incidence of and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD), but studies using real-world data are limited. This study examined the impact of bariatric surgery on incident CVD, hypertension and atrial fibrillation, and all-cause mortality.
Methods
A retrospective, matched, controlled cohort study of The Health Improvement Network primary care database (from 1 January 1990 to 31 January 2018) was performed (approximately 6 per cent of the UK population). Adults with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or above who did not have gastric cancer were included as the exposed group. Each exposed patient, who had undergone bariatric surgery, was matched for age, sex, BMI and presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with two controls who had not had bariatric surgery.
Results
A total of 5170 exposed and 9995 control participants were included; their mean(s.d.) age was 45·3(10·5) years and 21·5 per cent (3265 of 15 165 participants) had T2DM. Median follow-up was 3·9 (i.q.r. 1·8– 6·4) years. Mean(s.d.) percentage weight loss was 20·0(13·2) and 0·8(9·5) per cent in exposed and control groups respectively. Overall, bariatric surgery was not associated with a significantly lower CVD risk (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0·80; 95 per cent c.i. 0·62 to 1·02; P = 0·074). Only in the gastric bypass group was a significant impact on CVD observed (HR 0·53, 0·34 to 0·81; P = 0·003). Bariatric surgery was associated with significant reduction in all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 0·70, 0·55 to 0·89; P = 0·004), hypertension (adjusted HR 0·41, 0·34 to 0·50; P < 0·001) and heart failure (adjusted HR 0·57, 0·34 to 0·96; P = 0·033). Outcomes were similar in patients with and those without T2DM (exposed versus controls), except for incident atrial fibrillation, which was reduced in the T2DM group.
Conclusion
Bariatric surgery is associated with a reduced risk of hypertension, heart failure and mortality, compared with routine care. Gastric bypass was associated with reduced risk of CVD compared to routine care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Singh
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Subramanian
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - N Adderley
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Gokhale
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Singhal
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Bellary
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Nirantharakumar
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - A A Tahrani
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Thirumalaisamy R, Ameen F, Subramanian A, Selvankumar T, Alwakeel SS, Govarthanan M. In-Vitro and In-Silico Anti-inflammatory Activity of Lupeol Isolated from Crateva adansonii and Its Hidden Molecular Mechanism. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-10006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
22
|
Singh SK, Rajib MM, Drobitch JL, Atulasimha J, Bandyopadhyay S, Subramanian A. A 3-D NanoMagnetoElectrokinetic model for ultra-high precision assembly of ferromagnetic NWs using magnetic-field assisted dielectrophoresis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39763-39770. [PMID: 35515396 PMCID: PMC9057435 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08381j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This report presents a three-dimensional (3-D) magnetoelectrokinetic model to investigate a new approach to magnetic-field assisted dielectrophoresis for ultra-high precision and parallel assembly of ferromagnetic Ni nanowires (NWs) on silicon chips. The underlying assembly methodology relies on a combination of electric and magnetic fields to manipulate single nanowires from a colloidal suspension and yield their assembly on top of electrodes with better than 25 nm precision. The electric fields and the resultant dielectrophoretic forces are generated through the use of patterned gold nanoelectrodes, and deliver long-range forces that attract NWs from farther regions of the workspace and bring them in proximity to the nanoelectrodes. Next, magnetic-fields generated by cobalt magnets, which are stacked on top of the gold nanoelectrodes at their center and pre-magnetized using external magnetic fields, deliver short range forces to capture the nanowires precisely on top of the nanomagnets. The 3-D NanoMagnetoElectrokinetic model, which is built using a finite element code in COMSOL software and with further computations in MATLAB, computes the trajectory and final deposition location as well as orientation for all possible starting locations of a Ni NW within the assembly workspace. The analysis reveals that magnetic-field assisted dielectrophoresis achieves ultra-high precision assembly of NWs on top of the cobalt nanomagnets from a 42% larger workspace volume as compared to pure dielectrophoresis and thereby, establishes the benefits of adding magnetic fields to the assembly workspace. Furthermore, this approach is combined with a strategy to confine the suspension within the reservoir that contains a high density of favorable NW starting locations to deliver high assembly yields for landing NWs on top of contacts that are only twice as wide as the NWs. Magnetic-field assisted dielectrophoresis delivers ultra-high precision assembly of single nanowires.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin K. Singh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - Md Mahadi Rajib
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Justine L. Drobitch
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Jayasimha Atulasimha
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Supriyo Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Arunkumar Subramanian
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Singh SK, Rajib MM, Drobitch JL, Atulasimha J, Bandyopadhyay S, Subramanian A. Correction: A 3-D NanoMagnetoElectrokinetic model for ultra-high precision assembly of ferromagnetic NWs using magnetic-field assisted dielectrophoresis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42339. [PMID: 35558189 PMCID: PMC9088835 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra90121k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Correction for ‘A 3-D NanoMagnetoElectrokinetic model for ultra-high precision assembly of ferromagnetic NWs using magnetic-field assisted dielectrophoresis’ by Sachin K. Singh et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 39763–39770, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA08381J.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin K. Singh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - Md Mahadi Rajib
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Justine L. Drobitch
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Jayasimha Atulasimha
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Supriyo Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Arunkumar Subramanian
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Maksud M, Barua M, Shikder MRA, Byles BW, Pomerantseva E, Subramanian A. Tunable nanomechanical performance regimes in ceramic nanowires. Nanotechnology 2019; 30:47LT02. [PMID: 31437822 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3dcf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
At the macroscopic size regime, ceramic materials exhibit brittle fracture and catastrophic failure when they are subjected to mechanical loads that exceed their characteristic strength. In this report, we present recoverable plasticity in alpha-phase, potassium stabilized manganese dioxide nanowire (α-K0.13MnO2 NW) crystals when they are subjected to atomic force microscopy (AFM) based three-point bending tests at very low loading rates. The force-deflection curves and AFM scans obtained from these measurements reveal yielding and extended plasticity in the NWs during the loading process, while the large plastic deformation is recovered spontaneously during the unloading process. However, the same material system exhibits failure via fracture at substantially higher strengths when it is subjected to bending tests at nearly an order of magnitude higher loading rates. These results highlight an important new pathway to controllably tune the nanomechanical performance of these technologically important nanoceramics for application-specific needs: either achieve self-reversible and ultra-large plasticity, or achieve substantially higher fracture strengths that approach the intrinsic limits of the material system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahjabin Maksud
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shikder MRA, Ramasubramanian A, Maksud M, Yurkiv V, Yoo J, Harris CT, Vasudevamurthy G, Mashayek F, Subramanian A. Plastic recovery and self-healing in longitudinally twinned SiGe nanowires. Nanoscale 2019; 11:8959-8966. [PMID: 31017158 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on plastic recovery and self-healing behavior in longitudinally-twinned and [112] orientated SiGe nanowire (NW) beams when they are subjected to large bending strains. The NW alloys are comprised of lamellar nanotwin platelet(s) sandwiched between two semi-cylindrical twins. The loading curves, which are acquired from atomic force microscope (AFM) based three-point bending tests, reveal the onset of plastic deformation at a characteristic stress threshold, followed by further straining of the NWs. This ductility is attributed to dislocation activity within the semi-cylindrical crystal portions of the NW, which are hypothesized to undergo a combination of elastic and plastic straining. On the other hand, the lamellar nanoplatelets undergo purely elastic stretching. During the unloading process, the release of internal elastic stresses enables dislocation backflow and escape at the surface. As a result, the dislocations are predominantly annihilated and the NW samples evidenced self-healing via plastic recovery even at ultra-large strains, which are estimated using finite-element models at 16.3% in one of the tested devices. Finite element analysis also establishes the independence of the observed nanomechanical behavior on the relative orientation of the load with respect to the nanoplatelet. This first observation of reversible plasticity in the SiGe material system, which is aided by a concurrent evolution of segmented elastic and plastic deformation within its grains during the loading process, presents an important new pathway for mechanical stabilization of technologically important group-IV semiconductor nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Ruhul Amin Shikder
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Amin Shikder MR, Maksud M, Vasudevamurthy G, Byles BW, Cullen DA, More KL, Pomerantseva E, Subramanian A. Brittle fracture to recoverable plasticity: polytypism-dependent nanomechanics in todorokite-like nanobelts. Nanoscale Adv 2019; 1:357-366. [PMID: 36132478 PMCID: PMC9473215 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00079d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) based nanomechanics experiments involving polytypic todorokite-like manganese dioxide nanobelts reveal varied nanomechanical performance regimes such as brittle fracture, near-brittle fracture, and plastic recovery within the same material system. These nanobelts are synthesized through a layer-to-tunnel material transformation pathway and contain one-dimensional tunnels, which run along their longitudinal axis and are enveloped by m × 3 MnO6 octahedral units along their walls. Depending on the extent of material transformation towards a tunneled microstructure, the nanobelts exhibit stacking disorders or polytypism where the value for m ranges from 3 to up to ∼20 within different cross-sectional regions of the same nanobelt. The observation of multiple nanomechanical performance regimes within a single material system is attributed to a combination of two factors: (a) the extent of stacking disorder or polytypism within the nanobelts, and (b) the loading (or strain) rate of the AFM nanomechanics experiment. Controllable engineering of recoverable plasticity is a particularly beneficial attribute for advancing the mechanical stability of these ceramic materials, which hold promise for insertion in multiple next-generation technological applications that range from electrical energy storage solutions to catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Ruhul Amin Shikder
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Mahjabin Maksud
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | | | - Bryan W Byles
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA
| | - David A Cullen
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Karren L More
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Ekaterina Pomerantseva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA
| | - Arunkumar Subramanian
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Singh SK, Aryaan N, Shikder MRA, Byles BW, Pomerantseva E, Subramanian A. A 3D nanoelectrokinetic model for predictive assembly of nanowire arrays using floating electrode dielectrophoresis. Nanotechnology 2019; 30:025301. [PMID: 30398168 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aae9a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Floating electrode dielectrophoresis (FE-DEP) presents a promising avenue for scalable assembly of nanowire (NW) arrays on silicon chips and offers better control in limiting the number of deposited NWs when compared with the conventional, two-electrode DEP process. This article presents a 3D nanoelectrokinetic model, which calculates the imposed electric field and its resultant NW force/velocity maps within the region of influence of an electrode array operating in the FE-DEP configuration. This enables the calculation of NW trajectories and their eventual localization sites on the target electrodes as a function of parameters such as NW starting position, NW size, the applied electric field, suspension concentration, and deposition time. The accuracy of this model has been established through a direct quantitative comparison with the assembly of manganese dioxide NW arrays. Further analysis of the computed data reveals interesting insights into the following aspects: (a) asymmetry in NW localization at electrode sites, and (b) the workspace regions from which NWs are drawn to assemble such that their center-of-mass is located either in the inter-electrode gap region (desired) or on top of one of the assembly electrodes (undesired). This analysis is leveraged to outline a strategy, which involves a physical confinement of the NW suspension within lithographically patterned reservoirs during assembly, for single NW deposition across large arrays with high estimated assembly yields on the order of 87%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin K Singh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang J, Moore D, Subramanian A, Cheng KK, Toulis KA, Qiu X, Saravanan P, Price MJ, Nirantharakumar K. Gestational dyslipidaemia and adverse birthweight outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2018; 19:1256-1268. [PMID: 29786159 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low and high birthweight is known to increase the risk of acute and longer-term adverse outcomes, such as stillbirth, infant mortality, obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Gestational dyslipidaemia is associated with a numbers of adverse birth outcomes, but evidence regarding birthweight is still inconsistent to reliably inform clinical practice and treatment recommendations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between maternal gestational dyslipidaemia and neonatal health outcomes, namely, birthweight, metabolic factors and inflammatory parameters. METHODS We searched systematically Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL Plus and Cochrane Library up to 1 August 2016 (with an updated search in MEDLINE at the end of July 2017) for longitudinal studies that assessed the association of maternal lipid levels during pregnancy with neonatal birthweight, or metabolic and inflammatory parameters up to 3 years old. RESULTS Data from 46 publications including 31,402 pregnancies suggest that maternal high triglycerides and low high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels throughout pregnancy are associated with increased birthweight, higher risk of large for gestational age and macrosomia and lower risk of small-for-gestational age. The findings were consistent across the studied populations, but stronger associations were observed in women who were overweight or obese prior to pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggested that the potential under-recognized adverse effects of intrauterine exposure to maternal dyslipidaemia may warrant further investigation into the relationship between maternal dyslipidaemia and birthweight in large prospective cohorts or in randomized trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Moore
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Subramanian
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - K K Cheng
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - K A Toulis
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - X Qiu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - P Saravanan
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - M J Price
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Nirantharakumar
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hirotsu K, Subramanian A, Neal J, Li S, Pugliese S, Kwong B. 1037 Antimicrobial resistance due to antibiotic use for EGFR inhibitor related papulopustular skin reaction. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
30
|
Dabrowiecki A, Subramanian A, Gelbard R, Martin J, Dariushnia S. 3:54 PM Abstract No. 19 Implementation of the EAST guidelines for splenic trauma: comparing outcomes of splenic artery embolization and splenectomy at a large level 1 trauma center. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
|
31
|
Kenny R, Reed M, Subramanian A. Mastectomy for risk reduction or symmetry in women without high risk gene mutation: A review. Int J Surg 2018; 50:60-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
32
|
Kenny R, Subramanian A, Shah E. Conquering the Breast Abscess… At Conquest Hospital. A Single Center Audit of Breast Abscess’ Presenting in 2016. Int J Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
33
|
Albert V, Subramanian A, Agrawal D, Duttagupta S, Mukhopadhyay A. Syndecan-1: a marker for traumatic brain injury induced acute coagulopathy and mortality. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
34
|
Sharma S, Albert V, Kumar A, Subramanian A, Nehra A, Bhoi S. Experience of concussion screening in mild TBI (mTBI) patients on admission in a level i trauma centre in Northern India. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
35
|
Conway M, Subramanian A, O Donoghue E, Donaldson L. Attitudes of parents toward eye care in children under 7 years old in the Republic of Ireland. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Conway
- Optometry & Visual Science; City University; London United Kingdom
| | - A. Subramanian
- Optometry & Visual Science; City University; London United Kingdom
| | - E. O Donoghue
- Optometry & Visual Science; City University; London United Kingdom
| | - L. Donaldson
- Optometry & Visual Science; City University; London United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Keuken A, Subramanian A, Barbur J. Normal upper age-limits for photopic and mesopic visual acuity and functional contrast sensitivity. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.03332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Keuken
- Optometry; Applied Vision Research Centre; School of Health Sciences- City; University of London; London UK
- Optometry; University of Applied Sciences; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - A. Subramanian
- Optometry; Applied Vision Research Centre; School of Health Sciences- City; University of London; London UK
| | - J.L. Barbur
- Optometry; Applied Vision Research Centre; School of Health Sciences- City; University of London; London UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Miller AD, Subramanian A, Viljoen HJ. A nonlinear model of cell interaction with an acoustic field. J Biomech 2017; 56:83-88. [PMID: 28372796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical and experimental nonlinear analysis of cellular response/displacement to ultrasound excitations is presented. Linear cell models can predict the resonant frequency (fR∼5MHz), but only a nonlinear analysis can reveal the amount of mechanical energy that couples into the cell and the bifurcation behavior of the cell when it is excited near resonance. The cell dynamics is described by the nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive behavior of the cytoplasm, nucleus and their respective membranes, in the presence of a fluid with an oscillating pressure field. The method of multiple scales is used to derive the amplitude of oscillation of the cytoplasm and nucleus as a function of frequency. A major finding is the existence of multiple solutions for a range of sub-resonant frequencies. At positive detuning (f>fR), the mechanical energy that couples into the cell is small, it is higher at resonance but significantly higher at sub-resonant frequencies in the multiplicity range. Experimentally it was shown when 3.5MHz is approached sub- and supra-resonance and 6.5MHz is approached sub-resonance, gene expression was statistically higher than that when stimulated directly. Thus, there exists an optimal range of frequencies for ultrasound treatment - in the region of multiplicity where deformation and thus mechanical energy coupling is maximized. The ultrasound protocol must be designed to operate at the solution associated with the higher mechanical energy - thus the start-up conditions should be in the domain of attraction of the high energy solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Miller
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - A Subramanian
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - H J Viljoen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Subramanian A, Cant G, May S, Jenkins V, Lesley F. Abstract P3-11-01: Prophylactic contralateral mastectomy - A valid choice? Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p3-11-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This abstract was withdrawn by the authors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Subramanian
- East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Eastbourne, East Sussex, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - G Cant
- East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Eastbourne, East Sussex, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - S May
- East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Eastbourne, East Sussex, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - V Jenkins
- East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Eastbourne, East Sussex, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - F Lesley
- East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Eastbourne, East Sussex, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hossain MI, Maksud M, Palapati NKR, Subramanian A, Atulasimha J, Bandyopadhyay S. Super-giant magnetoresistance at room-temperature in copper nanowires due to magnetic field modulation of potential barrier heights at nanowire-contact interfaces. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:30LT02. [PMID: 27320491 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/30/30lt02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We have observed a super-giant (∼10 000 000%) negative magnetoresistance at 39 mT field in Cu nanowires contacted with Au contact pads. In these nanowires, potential barriers form at the two Cu/Au interfaces because of Cu oxidation that results in an ultrathin copper oxide layer forming between Cu and Au. Current flows when electrons tunnel through, and/or thermionically emit over, these barriers. A magnetic field applied transverse to the direction of current flow along the wire deflects electrons toward one edge of the wire because of the Lorentz force, causing electron accumulation at that edge and depletion at the other. This lowers the potential barrier at the accumulated edge and raises it at the depleted edge, causing a super-giant magnetoresistance at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md I Hossain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Smith M, Gonzalez-Estrada A, Fernandez J, Subramanian A. Desensitization to Mycofenolate Mofetil: a novel 12 step protocol. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 48:147-148. [PMID: 27425171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of MMF has become standard practice in many solid organ transplant recipients due its efficacy and favorable risk profile compared to other immunosuppressants. There has been a single case report of successful MMF desensitization. However, this protocol did not follow current Drug practice parameters. We report a successful desensitization to MMF in a double heart-kidney transplant recipient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Smith
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Stanley A, Chavda K, Subramanian A, Prabhu SV, Ashavaid TF. DRD4 and DAT1 VNTR Genotyping in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Indian J Clin Biochem 2016; 32:239-242. [PMID: 28428702 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-016-0587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine receptor-D4 and the dopamine transporter have been investigated for their role in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Reports of their genetic association with ADHD have shown mixed results. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) of the DRD4 and DAT1 genes with ADHD in children. A pilot 1:1 case control study, with 44 clinically confirmed ADHD cases and 44 age/gender matched healthy controls, was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Mumbai. Variable number tandem repeats of DRD4 exon 3, DAT1 intron 8 and 3'UTR were genotyped by PCR-AGE. Several allele repeats of the genes were observed in the screened subjects. Statistical significance was observed for the 10R/10R genotype of the DAT1 3'UTR VNTR between cases and controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Stanley
- Research Laboratories, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Veer Savarkar Marg, Mahim, Mumbai, 400016 India
| | - K Chavda
- Department of Medicine, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Veer Savarkar Marg, Mahim, Mumbai, 400016 India
| | - A Subramanian
- Research Laboratories, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Veer Savarkar Marg, Mahim, Mumbai, 400016 India
| | - S V Prabhu
- Department of Pediatrics, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Veer Savarkar Marg, Mahim, Mumbai, 400016 India
| | - T F Ashavaid
- Research Laboratories, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Veer Savarkar Marg, Mahim, Mumbai, 400016 India.,Biochemistry Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, S-1, Lalitha Girdhar Annexe Building, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Veer Savarkar Marg, Mahim, Mumbai, 400016 India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sutaria R, Subramanian A, Burns B, Hafez H. Prevalence and management of ovarian venous insufficiency in the presence of leg venous insufficiency. Phlebology 2016; 22:29-33. [DOI: 10.1258/026835507779700617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The correlation between ovarian venous insufficiency and lower limb venous insufficiency remains poorly understood. Clinically, incompetent ovarian veins in association with lower extremity varicose veins are suspected when leg varicose veins are found in atypical distributions. Such distributions include upper lateral or posterior thigh, on the buttocks, crossing the inguinal ligament, and also in the vulval or perineal regions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ovarian venous insufficiency in those with clinically suspicious varicose veins, and to assess the effectiveness of ovarian venous embolization/ligation in treating this condition. Methods: Between June 2001 and December 2004, 424 female patients with lower limb superficial venous insufficiency were seen by a single vascular surgeon. These patients were clinically assessed, and those with atypical varicose veins were investigated with venous duplex examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) venography. Patients with proven ovarian venous insufficiency were offered venography with a view to embolization or laparoscopic ligation. Results: A total of seven patients were clinically suspected of having ovarian venous insufficiency, of which three had recurrent varicose veins (42.9%). Of these, six were confirmed on MRI venography with the left side being more affected than the right; one of them had an occluded vena cava, three were treated by embolization, and two had laparoscopic ligation. Discussion: The prevalence of clinically detectable ovarian venous insufficiency in association with lower extremity varicose veins is in the region of 1.65%. Compared with the estimated prevalence of incidental ovarian venous insufficiency of 10–47%, this suggests that only a minority of incompetent ovarian veins will present with clinically detectable lower limb venous insufficiency. In our opinion, patients with signs suggestive of ovarian venous insufficiency in association with lower limb venous insufficiency should have their ovarian insufficiency controlled prior to embarking on limb venous surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Sutaria
- St Richard's Hospital, Chichester, UK
| | | | - B Burns
- St Richard's Hospital, Chichester, UK
| | - H Hafez
- St Richard's Hospital, Chichester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hamnett KE, Subramanian A. Breast reconstruction in older patients: A literature review of the decision-making process. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2016; 69:1325-34. [PMID: 27498596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Women not undergoing breast reconstruction after mastectomy tend to be older. This review aims to aid in effective, evidence-based choices regarding breast reconstruction in an older population, appraising the influencing patient factors described in the literature and those directing the reconstructive surgeon. This may refute current misconceptions and ensure surgical decisions are made based on evidence without ageist assumptions. The review forms the basis of an evidence-based algorithm addressing each step of the decision-making process. METHOD A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, Evidence.nhs.uk and the Cochrane database. Search terms initially were breast reconstruction, mastectomy, elderly, older, decision, reasons and rationale. A separate literature search was performed for each of the individual 'steps' in the decision-making process. RESULTS Overall, 44 papers were obtained. For each section of the decision-making process, titles and abstracts were screened for relevance. Only English language papers were included. CONCLUSION If reconstruction is oncologically plausible and co-morbidities and frailty formally assessed, older women should be actively informed about breast reconstruction, receive support and engage in 'shared decision-making'. The older patient is less likely to do research independently. Amongst other factors, body image, cancer fears, employment and carer responsibilities play a part in the decision. With adequate preoperative and frailty assessment and early involvement of the geriatrician and anaesthetist, microsurgical reconstruction is safe. Autologous reconstruction has better long-term outcomes than implant-based reconstructions in this age group, correlating with improved survival and longevity of reconstruction. Age alone should not be considered a contraindication to breast reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K E Hamnett
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Whiston Hospital, Warrington Road, Prescot, Liverpool, L35 5DR, United Kingdom.
| | - A Subramanian
- Department of Breast Surgery, East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, King's Dr, Eastbourne, East Sussex, BN21 2UD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jagadeeshan S, Subramanian A, Tentu S, Beesetti S, Singhal M, Raghavan S, Surabhi RP, Mavuluri J, Bhoopalan H, Biswal J, Pitani RS, Chidambaram S, Sundaram S, Malathi R, Jeyaraman J, Nair AS, Venkatraman G, Rayala SK. P21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) signaling influences therapeutic outcome in pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1546-56. [PMID: 27117533 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic resistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is attributed to various cellular mechanisms and signaling molecules that influence as a single factor or in combination. DESIGN In this study, utilizing in vitro p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) overexpression and knockdown cell line models along with in vivo athymic mouse tumor xenograft models and clinical samples, we demonstrate that Pak1 is a crucial signaling kinase in gemcitabine resistance. RESULTS Pak1 kindles resistance via modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and activation of pancreatic stellate cells. Our results from gemcitabine-resistant and -sensitive cell line models showed that elevated Pak1 kinase activity is required to confer gemcitabine resistance. This was substantiated by elevated levels of phosphorylated Pak1 and ribonucleotide reductase M1 levels in the majority of human PDAC tumors when compared with normal. Delineation of the signaling pathway revealed that Pak1 confers resistance to gemcitabine by preventing DNA damage, inhibiting apoptosis and regulating survival signals via NF-κB. Furthermore, we found that Pak1 is an upstream interacting substrate of transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1-a molecule implicated in gemcitabine resistance. Molecular mechanistic studies revealed that gemcitabine docks with the active site of Pak1; furthermore, gemcitabine treatment induces Pak1 kinase activity both in vivo and in cell-free system. Finally, results from athymic mouse tumor models illustrated that Pak1 inhibition by IPA-3 enhances the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine and brings about pancreatic tumor regression. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study illustrating the mechanistic role of Pak1 in causing gemcitabine resistance via multiple signaling crosstalks, and hence Pak1-specific inhibitors will prove to be a better adjuvant with existing chemotherapy modality for PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Jagadeeshan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai Department of Genetics, University of Madras, Chennai
| | - A Subramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai
| | - S Tentu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai
| | - S Beesetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai
| | - M Singhal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai
| | - S Raghavan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai
| | | | - J Mavuluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai
| | | | - J Biswal
- Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi
| | | | | | - S Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai
| | - R Malathi
- Department of Genetics, University of Madras, Chennai
| | - J Jeyaraman
- Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi
| | - A S Nair
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - S K Rayala
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang Z, Loon A, Subramanian A, Gerhold S, McDermott E, Enterkin JA, Hieckel M, Russell BC, Green RJ, Moewes A, Guo J, Blaha P, Castell MR, Diebold U, Marks LD. Transition from Reconstruction toward Thin Film on the (110) Surface of Strontium Titanate. Nano Lett 2016; 16:2407-12. [PMID: 26954064 PMCID: PMC4834633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b05211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The surfaces of metal oxides often are reconstructed with a geometry and composition that is considerably different from a simple termination of the bulk. Such structures can also be viewed as ultrathin films, epitaxed on a substrate. Here, the reconstructions of the SrTiO3 (110) surface are studied combining scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), transmission electron diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and analyzed with density functional theory calculations. Whereas SrTiO3 (110) invariably terminates with an overlayer of titania, with increasing density its structure switches from n × 1 to 2 × n. At the same time the coordination of the Ti atoms changes from a network of corner-sharing tetrahedra to a double layer of edge-shared octahedra with bridging units of octahedrally coordinated strontium. This transition from the n × 1 to 2 × n reconstructions is a transition from a pseudomorphically stabilized tetrahedral network toward an octahedral titania thin film with stress-relief from octahedral strontia units at the surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Wang
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/134, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- E-mail:
| | - A. Loon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - A. Subramanian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - S. Gerhold
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/134, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - E. McDermott
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/165-TC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - J. A. Enterkin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - M. Hieckel
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/134, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - B. C. Russell
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United
Kingdom
| | - R. J. Green
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, 116 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - A. Moewes
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, 116 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - J. Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed
Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic
of China
| | - P. Blaha
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/165-TC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - M. R. Castell
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United
Kingdom
| | - U. Diebold
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/134, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - L. D. Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Durand CM, Marr KA, Ostrander D, Subramanian A, Valsamakis A, Cox A, Neofytos D. False-positive hepatitis C virus serology after placement of a ventricular assistance device. Transpl Infect Dis 2016; 18:146-9. [PMID: 26565742 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventricular assist devices (VADs) have been associated with immune activation and sensitization. We observed several cases of false-positive (FP) hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody (Ab) tests in patients being evaluated for orthotopic heart transplant (OHT), prompting us to investigate this further. METHODS We reviewed all VAD and OHT cases at Johns Hopkins from 2005 to 2012. FP HCV serology was defined as an equivocal or low-positive HCV Ab, plus either (i) a negative recombinant immunoblot (RIBA) and/or HCV nucleic acid test (NAT), or (ii) an indeterminate RIBA and negative NAT. RESULTS In 53 patients with available HCV testing, nearly 40% of patients (21/53: 39.6%) developed FP HCV Ab tests after VAD placement: 4 patients had negative NAT, 12 had negative RIBA, and 5 had an indeterminate RIBA and negative NAT. All patients with indeterminate RIBA tests had isolated reactivity to the same HCV protein, c100p/5-1-1p (NS4b protein). In 3 of 4 VAD patients who had OHT and repeat HCV Ab testing after VAD removal, repeat HCV Ab was negative (699-947 days after OHT); in 1 case, FP HCV serology persisted (5 days after OHT). Thirteen patients had OHT alone and none developed a FP HCV Ab. CONCLUSIONS FP HCV Ab results following VAD placement are very common. Reversal of FP serology in several patients after VAD removal is suggestive of a possible association with the VAD hardware. Clinicians should be aware of this phenomenon, as it could lead to delays in determining eligibility for OHT and increased costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Durand
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - K A Marr
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - D Ostrander
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - A Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - A Valsamakis
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - A Cox
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - D Neofytos
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Maksud M, Palapati NKR, Byles BW, Pomerantseva E, Liu Y, Subramanian A. Dependence of Young's modulus on the sodium content within the structural tunnels of a one-dimensional Na-ion battery cathode. Nanoscale 2015; 7:17642-17648. [PMID: 26458333 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06557g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the Young's modulus (YM) of single-crystalline Na4Mn9O18 (or Na0.44MnO2) nanowires (NWs), which have shown promise as reversible sodium-ion (Na(+)) intercalation cathodes with high capacity and excellent cyclability. In addition, acid treatment of this material yielded proton stabilized Na(0.44-y)MnO2 (y ∼ 0.23) NWs with a 74% increase in the YM. The tight correlation between YM and ionic content within the crystalline tunnels is particularly significant, since it points to the strong dependence of elastic properties on state-of-charge (SOC) within battery materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Maksud
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
| | - N K R Palapati
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
| | - B W Byles
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E Pomerantseva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - A Subramanian
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Demir M, Kahveci Z, Aksoy B, Palapati NKR, Subramanian A, Cullinan HT, El-Kaderi HM, Harris CT, Gupta RB. Graphitic Biocarbon from Metal-Catalyzed Hydrothermal Carbonization of Lignin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Burak Aksoy
- Alabama Center for Paper and Bioresource
Engineering, Dept. of Chemical
Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | | | | | - Harry T. Cullinan
- Alabama Center for Paper and Bioresource
Engineering, Dept. of Chemical
Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | | | - Charles T. Harris
- Center
for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Markides GA, Wijetunga I, McMahon M, Gupta P, Subramanian A, Anwar S. Reversal of loop ileostomy under an Enhanced Recovery Programme - Is the stapled anastomosis technique still better than the handsewn technique? Int J Surg 2015; 23:41-5. [PMID: 26403069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent literature suggests that stapled anastomotic (SA) technique for the reversal of loop ileostomy (LI) may be beneficial in terms of early recovery and reduced incidence of small bowel obstruction when compared to the handsewn anastomosis (HA). Enhanced Recovery Programme (ERP) after colorectal procedures has demonstrated a reduction in some aspects of surgical morbidity. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of patients undergoing reversal of LI within an ERP programme and compare the HA to the SA in relation to clinical outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS All adult patients undergoing elective reversal of loop ileostomy between January 2008 and December 2012 without any additional procedures, were included in our study. Adherence to ERP modules and 30 day postoperative complications were assessed via retrospective review of patient case notes. RESULTS One hundred and eight patients had an ileostomy reversal; 61 in the SA and 47 in the HA group. There were no demographic differences between the two groups. ERP module compliance was satisfactory (>80%) in 11 of the 14 modules with no difference in individual module compliance between the two groups. The operating times were found to be comparable (p = 0.35). Overall mortality (p = 0.44), anastomotic leak rates (p = 1.00), intra-abdominal collections (p = 0.65), small bowel obstruction (p = 1.00), reoperation rates (p = 0.65), ileus (p = 0.14) and other significant complications (Clavien-Dindo > 2) (p = 0.08) were similar between the two groups. A significantly longer total length of hospital stay (TLOS) was found in the SA group (median 3 Vs 4 days, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Reversal of LI under an ERP appears to potentially neutralise the suggested SA benefits in terms of postoperative complications without any additional negative implications. Other non-operative factors may have a potential effect on outcomes such as the TLOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Markides
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - I Wijetunga
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - M McMahon
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - P Gupta
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - A Subramanian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - S Anwar
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Palapati NKR, Pomerantseva E, Subramanian A. Single nanowire manipulation within dielectrophoretic force fields in the sub-crossover frequency regime. Nanoscale 2015; 7:3109-3116. [PMID: 25611998 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06303a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the quantitative relationship between the control parameters of a dielectrophoretic (DEP) force field and the resulting electrokinetic region of influence experienced by individual nanowires (NWs) in colloidal suspensions. Our results show that DEP operation at sub-crossover frequencies, which are defined as frequencies slightly below the transition from positive-to-negative DEP, offers a suitable but previously unexplored performance regime for single NW manipulation and assembly. The low-magnitude DEP forces at these frequencies, which are estimated to be 8 orders of magnitude smaller as compared to near-DC frequencies, provide an efficient avenue to controllably extend electrokinetic influence on suspension volumes that present isolated NWs. These results are demonstrated using α-phase manganese dioxide NWs as a model one-dimensional construct. Based on experimentally extracted values for the NW intrinsic conductivity and dielectric permittivity, we employ computational models to explain each of the performance regimes observed in this nanoassembly system. In addition, we use a new approach to estimate the concentration of a NW suspension from experimentally observed data for deposition yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N K R Palapati
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|