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Marçal LAB, Lamers N, Hammarberg S, Zhang Z, Chen H, Dzhigaev D, Gomez-Gonzalez MA, Parker JE, Björling A, Mikkelsen A, Wallentin J. Structural and chemical properties of anion exchanged CsPb(Br (1-x)Cl x) 3heterostructured perovskite nanowires imaged by nanofocused x-rays. Nanotechnology 2024; 35:265710. [PMID: 38502953 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad355c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Over the last years metal halide perovskites have demonstrated remarkable potential for integration in light emitting devices. Heterostructures allow for tunable bandgap depending on the local anion composition, crucial for optoelectronic devices, but local structural effects of anion exchange in single crystals is not fully understood. Here, we investigate how the anion exchange of CsPbBr3nanowires fully and locally exposed to HCl vapor affects the local crystal structure, using nanofocused x-rays. We study the nanoscale composition and crystal structure as function of HCl exposure time and demonstrate the correlation of anion exchange with changes in the lattice parameter. The local composition was measured by x-ray fluorescence and x-ray diffraction, with general agreement of both methods but with much less variation using latter. The heterostructured nanowires exhibit unintentional gradients in composition, both axially and radially. Ferroelastic domains are observed for all HCl exposure times, and the magnitude of the lattice tilt at the domain walls scales with the Cl concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A B Marçal
- Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - N Lamers
- Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - S Hammarberg
- Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Z Zhang
- Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - H Chen
- Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - D Dzhigaev
- Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - M A Gomez-Gonzalez
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - J E Parker
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - A Björling
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - A Mikkelsen
- Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - J Wallentin
- Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
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Mikkelä MH, Marnauza M, Hetherington CJD, Wallenberg R, Mårsell E, Liu YP, Mikkelsen A, Björneholm O, Öhrwall G, Tchaplyguine M. Bismuth-oxide nanoparticles: study in a beam and as deposited. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10369-10381. [PMID: 38502136 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00376d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Bi2O3 is a promising material for solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFC) due to the high ionic conductivity of some phases. The largest value is reached for its δ-phase, but it is normally stable at temperatures too high for SOFC operation, while nanostructured oxide is believed to have more suitable stabilization temperature. However, to manufacture such a material with a controlled chemical composition is a challenging task. In this work, we investigated the fabrication of nanostructured Bi2O3 films formed by deposition of free Bi-oxide nanoparticles created in situ. The particle-production method was based on reactive sputtering and vapour aggregation. Depending on the fabrication conditions, the nanoparticles contained either a combination of Bi-metal and Bi-oxide, or only Bi-oxide. Prior to deposition, the free particles were probed in the beam - by synchrotron-based photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), which allowed assessing their composition "on the-fly". The nanoparticle films obtained after deposition were studied by PES, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction. The films' chemical composition, grain dimensions, and crystal structure were probed. Our analysis suggests that our method produced Bi-oxide films in more than one polymorph of Bi2O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-H Mikkelä
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - M Marnauza
- nCHREM, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - C J D Hetherington
- nCHREM, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - R Wallenberg
- nCHREM, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - E Mårsell
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Yen-Po Liu
- Department of Synchrotron Radiation, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A Mikkelsen
- Department of Synchrotron Radiation, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - O Björneholm
- Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Box 530, 7121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Öhrwall
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - M Tchaplyguine
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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Arntzen T, Mikkelsen A, Emblem R, Lai X, Haugen G. Prenatal Diagnosis of Esophageal Atresia - Performance and Consequences. J Pediatr Surg 2023; 58:2075-2080. [PMID: 37407414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations is considered favorable. Esophageal atresia (EA) is prenatally detected in 10-40% of patients. The aims of our study were to assess factors influencing the prenatal detection rate and to study the outcome in EA patients with and without prenatal diagnosis. METHOD We included 136 patients in two time periods, group 1 (1996-2002, n = 68) and group 2 (2014-2020, n = 68). We registered clinical variables; prenatal signs, perinatal and postnatal outcome from the electronic patient record. RESULTS Twenty-five patients (18%) had a prenatal diagnosis of EA, significantly more during 2014-2020 (28%), than during 1996-2002 (9%). Patients with EA type A or B and with associated anomalies had increased likelihood of prenatal diagnosis, odds ratio (OR) 9.00 (1.99-40.69) and 3.53 (1.24-10.06), respectively. Among the 25 patients with prenatal diagnosis all had polyhydramnios and 16 had small/absent stomach. Prenatally diagnosed patients arrived significantly earlier at the surgical unit (median 2 h (2 h-1 days) vs 21 h (2 h-1275 days)), had more delayed primary anastomosis (OR 8.80 (2.68-28.92)) and anastomotic stricture (OR 3.11 (1.20-8.04)), longer length of stay (median 62 days (11-212 days) vs 20 days (2-270 days)) and longer time on ventilator (median 5 days (1-25 days) vs 1.5 days (0.5-33 days)) compared to patients without prenatal diagnosis. In multivariate analysis prenatal diagnosis predicts length of stay. CONCLUSION Prenatally diagnosed EA patients have more; type A and B malformations, associated anomalies and neonatal morbidity. Consequences of the assumed benefits of prenatal diagnosis; opportunity of early arrival to surgical care and prenatal counselling, must be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arntzen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section for Pediatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - A Mikkelsen
- Section for Pediatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Emblem
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section for Pediatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - X Lai
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Haugen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Fetal Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Braut H, Storm M, Mikkelsen A. A Qualitative Study on Distributed Leadership in Integrated Care: Exploring the Experiences of Elderly Multimorbid Patients with GP Collaboration. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:3167-3177. [PMID: 37915976 PMCID: PMC10615873 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s412283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study explores how the collaboration between elderly multimorbid patients and general practitioners contributes to the patient's experience of integrated care in the municipality. The research also investigates whether the municipality's integrative mechanisms creating integrated care can be understood as distributed leadership. Method In this qualitative study, we conducted a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with twenty elderly multimorbid patients living at home and their general practitioners. Results Analysis of patients' and general practitioners' experience of healthcare service characterized by collective efforts identified four themes: 1) an impression of collective processes as difficult for patients to access and influence; 2) that the fluidity and location of leadership is dependent on the individual patient and his or her health condition; 3) that collective implementation of healthcare services is separated in time, geography and between organizations; and 4) that patients experience individual healthcare workers as specialized and unable to support the medical and holistic goals of the collective. The Direction, Alignment, and Commitment or DAC framework, is used to investigate the capabilities of the collective. Conclusion To promote distributed leadership and create a patient experience of integrated care in the municipality, healthcare organizations must develop collective processes that enhance patient participation to a greater extent. General practitioners and other healthcare personnel should be encouraged to play a more central role in solving elderly multimorbid patients' healthcare needs in the municipality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Braut
- University of Stavanger Business School, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Marianne Storm
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Aslaug Mikkelsen
- University of Stavanger Business School, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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Hunsbedt Fjellså HM, Husebø AML, Braut H, Mikkelsen A, Storm M. Older Adults' Experiences With Participation and eHealth in Care Coordination: Qualitative Interview Study in a Primary Care Setting. J Particip Med 2023; 15:e47550. [PMID: 37782538 PMCID: PMC10580142 DOI: 10.2196/47550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to the demographic changes in the elderly population worldwide, delivering coordinated care at home to multimorbid older adults is of great importance. Older adults living with multiple chronic conditions need information to manage and coordinate their care. eHealth can be effective for gaining sufficient information, communicating, and self-managing chronic conditions. However, incorporating older adults' health preferences and ensuring active involvement remain challenging. More knowledge is needed to ensure successful participation and eHealth use in care coordination. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore multimorbid older adults' experiences with participation and eHealth in care coordination with general practitioners (GPs) and district nurses (DNs). METHODS The study had a qualitative explorative approach. Data collection included semistructured interviews with 20 older adults with multimorbidity receiving primary care services from their GPs and DNs. The participants were included by their GPs or nurses at a local intermunicipal acute inpatient care unit. The data analysis was guided by systematic text condensation. RESULTS We identified 2 categories: (1) older adults in charge of and using eHealth in care coordination, and (2) older adults with a loss of control in care coordination. The first category describes how communication with GPs and DNs can facilitate participation, the importance of managing own medication, and how eHealth can support older adults' information needs. The second category focuses on older adults who depend on guidance and help from their GPs and DNs to manage their health, describing how a lack of capacity and system support to be involved makes these adults lose control of their care coordination. CONCLUSIONS Being in charge of care coordination is important for older multimorbid adults. The results show that older adults are willing to use eHealth to be informed and to seek information, which ensures high levels of participation in care coordination. Future research should investigate how older adults can be involved in electronic information sharing with health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Marie Lunde Husebø
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Research Group of Nursing and Health Sciences, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Harald Braut
- Department of Innovation, Leadership, and Marketing, Business School, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Aslaug Mikkelsen
- Department of Innovation, Leadership, and Marketing, Business School, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Marianne Storm
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Care, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
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Haaland GH, Øygarden O, Storm M, Mikkelsen A. Understanding registered nurses' career choices in home care services: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:273. [PMID: 36944939 PMCID: PMC10029251 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anticipated growth in number of older people with long-term health problems is associated with a greater need for registered nurses. Home care services needs enough nurses that can deliver high quality services in patients' homes. This article improves our understanding of nurses' career choices in home care services. METHODS A qualitative study using individual semi-structured interviews with 20 registered nurses working in home care services. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically analyzed. RESULTS The analysis resulted in three themes emphasizing the importance of multiple stakeholders and contextual factors, fit with nurses' private life, and meaning of work. The results offer important insights that can be used to improve organizational policy and HR practices to sustain a workforce of registered nurses in home care services. CONCLUSION The results illustrate the importance of having a whole life perspective to understand nurses' career choices, and how nurses' career preferences changes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guro Hognestad Haaland
- Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
- Business School, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
| | | | - Marianne Storm
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Care, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - Aslaug Mikkelsen
- Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Business School, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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Jensen MT, Øygarden O, Mikkelsen A, Olsen E. Competence Development and Collaborative Climate as Antecedents of Job Performance, Job Commitment and Uncertainty: Validation of a Theoretical Model across Four Hospitals. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:425. [PMID: 36612745 PMCID: PMC9819020 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge is lacking regarding how organizational factors are associated with uncertainty in patient treatment. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate how competence development and collaborative climate relates to job performance and job commitment, and further whether job performance and job commitment relate to uncertainty. Additionally, we examined whether these associations differed between four different hospitals. We applied data from 6445 hospital workers who provided care to patients. Basic statistics and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to test the validity of the theoretical model developed in the study and the hypothesized associations. All hypothesized paths between the latent variables were significant and in accordance with the model across the four hospitals. The current study has implications for practical human resource management and indicates that competence development should be strengthened at the individual level and collaborative climate should be strengthened at the ward level. Strengthening competence development and collaborative climate can increase job performance and job commitment of individual workers and reduce uncertainty during care in hospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Therese Jensen
- Centre for Learning Environment, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Aslaug Mikkelsen
- Department of Innovation, Leadership, and Marketing, UiS Business School, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
- Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Espen Olsen
- Department of Innovation, Leadership, and Marketing, UiS Business School, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
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Braut H, Øygarden O, Storm M, Mikkelsen A. General practitioners' perceptions of distributed leadership in providing integrated care for elderly chronic multi-morbid patients: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1085. [PMID: 36002824 PMCID: PMC9404619 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Distributed Leadership (DL) has been suggested as being helpful when different health care professionals and patients need to work together across professional and organizational boundaries to provide integrated care (IC). This study explores whether General Practitioners (GPs) adopt leadership actions that transcend organizational boundaries to provide IC for patients and discusses whether the GPs’ leadership actions in collaboration with patients and health care professionals contribute to DL. Methods We interviewed GPs (n = 20) of elderly multimorbid patients in a municipality in Norway. A qualitative interpretive case design and Gioia methodology was applied to the collection and analysis of data from semi-structured interviews. Results GPs are involved in three processes when contributing to IC for elderly multimorbidity patients; the process of creating an integrated patient experience, the workflow process and the process of maneuvering organizational structures and medical culture. GPs take part in processes comparable to configurations of DL described in the literature. Patient micro-context and health care macro-context are related to observed configurations of DL. Conclusion Initiating or moving between different configurations of DL in IC requires awareness of patient context and the health care macro-context, of ways of working, capacity of digital tools and use of health care personnel. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08460-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Braut
- University of Stavanger Business School, Stavanger, Norway.
| | | | - Marianne Storm
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Care, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
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Mikkelsen A, Boye B, Diseth TH, Malt U, Mørkrid L, IJsselstijn H, Emblem R. Traumatic stress, mental health, and quality of life in adolescents with esophageal atresia. J Pediatr Surg 2022; 57:1423-1431. [PMID: 33223226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to investigate QoL in EA patients in relation to comparison groups and to clinical factors including experienced traumatic stress. MATERIAL AND METHODS Adolescents with EA in Norway born between 1996 and 2002 were included. Clinical assessment and patient's characteristics were collected. Quality of life (PedsQL), traumatic stress (IES-13) and mental health (SDQ-20) were compared to groups of healthy controls, children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and kidney transplanted children (TX). RESULTS 68 EA adolescents participated. Total scores for PedsQL were not different from the healthy group and ALL patients, but significantly better than the TX patients. The subscale for physical performance was significantly lower than in healthy adolescents, and nine (17%) patients had scores ≤70 indicating reduced health status. Five EA adolescents (12%) had mental health scores suggesting a psychiatric disorder, and six (9%) reported high traumatic stress scores with a significant correlation to days on ventilator in the neonatal period. The strongest predictors for quality of life among EA adolescents were self-reported mental health, posttraumatic stress and GERD symptoms. CONCLUSION Scores for Quality of life in the EA group are good except for subscale for physical performance. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress, mental strain and gastroesophageal reflux are predictors of reduced QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mikkelsen
- University of Oslo (UiO), Norway; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Postboks 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway.
| | - B Boye
- Department of acute psychiatry, psychosomatic and c-l psychiatry-adult, Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Norway; University of Oslo (UiO), Norway
| | - T H Diseth
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health in Hospitals, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo (UiO), Norway
| | - U Malt
- University of Oslo (UiO), Norway
| | | | - H IJsselstijn
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children`s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Emblem
- University of Oslo (UiO), Norway; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Postboks 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway
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Khobaib K, Mikkelsen A, Vincent-Dospital T, Rozynek Z. Electric-field-induced deformation, yielding, and crumpling of jammed particle shells formed on non-spherical Pickering droplets. Soft Matter 2021; 17:5006-5017. [PMID: 33908579 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00125f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Droplets covered with densely packed solid particles, often called Pickering droplets, are used in a variety of fundamental studies and practical applications. For many applications, it is essential to understand the mechanics of such particle-laden droplets subjected to external stresses. Several research groups have studied theoretically and experimentally the deformation, relaxation, rotation, and stability of Pickering droplets. Most of the research concerns spherical Pickering droplets. However, little is known about non-spherical Pickering droplets with arrested particle shells subjected to compressive stress. The experimental results presented here contribute to filling this gap in research. We deform arrested non-spherical Pickering droplets by subjecting them to electric fields, and study the effect of droplet geometry and size, as well as particle size and electric field strength, on the deformation and yielding of arrested non-spherical Pickering droplets. We explain why a more aspherical droplet and/or a droplet covered with a shell made of larger particles required higher electric stress to deform and yield. We also show that an armored droplet can absorb the electric stress differently (i.e., through either in-plane or out-of-plane particle rearrangements) depending on the strength of the applied electric field. Furthermore, we demonstrate that particle shells may fail through various crumpling instabilities, including ridge formation, folding, and wrinkling, as well as inward indentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Khobaib
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - A Mikkelsen
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - T Vincent-Dospital
- PoreLab, The Njord Centre, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Z Rozynek
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland. and PoreLab, The Njord Centre, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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11
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Rozynek Z, Banaszak J, Mikkelsen A, Khobaib K, Magdziarz A. Electrorotation of particle-coated droplets: from fundamentals to applications. Soft Matter 2021; 17:4413-4425. [PMID: 33908583 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrically insulating objects immersed in a weakly conducting liquid may Quincke rotate when subjected to an electric field. Experimental and theoretical investigations of this type of electrorotation typically concern rigid particles and particle-free droplets. This work provides the basic features of electric field-induced rotation of particle-covered droplets that expand the current knowledge in this area. Compared to pure droplets, we show that adding particles to the droplet interface considerably changes the parameters of electrorotation. We study in detail deformation magnitude (D), orientation (β) and rotation rate (ω) of a droplet subjected to a DC E-field. Our experimental results reveal that both the critical electric field (for electrorotation) and the rotational rate depend on droplet size, particle shell morphology (smooth vs. brush-like), and composition (loose vs. locked particles). We also demonstrate the importance of the electrical parameters of the surface particles by comparing the behavior of droplets covered by (insulating) polymeric particles and droplets covered by (non-ohmic) clay mineral particles. The knowledge acquired from the electrorotation experiments is directly translated into practical applications: (i) to form arrested droplets with shells of different permeability; (ii) to study solid-to-liquid transition of particle shells; (iii) to mix particles on shells; and (iv) to increase the formation efficiency of Pickering emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Rozynek
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland and PoreLab, The Njord Centre, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - J Banaszak
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - A Mikkelsen
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - K Khobaib
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - A Magdziarz
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Olsen E, Mikkelsen A. Development and Investigation of a New Model Explaining Job Performance and Uncertainty among Nurses and Physicians. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 18:ijerph18010164. [PMID: 33379381 PMCID: PMC7795717 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to develop and investigate a new theoretical model explaining variance in job performance and uncertainty among nurses and physicians. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey. Data was collected from 2946 nurses and 556 physicians employed at four public hospitals in Norway. We analysed data using descriptive statistics, correlations, Cronbach's alpha, confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modelling. To explain job performance and uncertainty, two sets of explanatory variables were used: first, satisfactions of three psychological needs-namely autonomy, social support and competence development-and second, employee perceptions of hospital management quality (HMQ) and local leadership quality (LLQ). The results supported the theoretical model among nurses and physicians; (1) HMQ was positively associated with LLQ; (2) LLQ was positively associated with psychological needs; (3) the majority of psychological needs were positively associated with job performance and negatively associated with uncertainty, but more of these relations were significant among nurses than physicians. The results suggest that job performance and uncertainty among nurses and physicians can be improved by helping personnel meet their psychological needs. Improving job design and staff involvement will be important to strengthen need satisfaction. Results suggest enhancement of HMQ and LLQ will be positively related to need satisfaction among nurses and physicians and will strengthen job performance and reduce uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espen Olsen
- Department of Innovation, Leadership and Marketing, UiS Business School, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway;
- Correspondence:
| | - Aslaug Mikkelsen
- Department of Innovation, Leadership and Marketing, UiS Business School, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway;
- Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
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Epitropaki O, Marstand AF, Van der Heijden B, Bozionelos N, Mylonopoulos N, Van der Heijde C, Scholarios D, Mikkelsen A, Marzec I, Jędrzejowicz P. What are the career implications of “seeing eye to eye”? Examining the role of leader–member exchange (LMX) agreement on employability and career outcomes. Personnel Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/peps.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Epitropaki
- Durham University Business School Durham University Durham UK
| | | | - Beatrice Van der Heijden
- Institute for Management Research Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department Organisation Open University of the Netherlands Heerlen the Netherlands
- Department of Marketing Innovation and Organisation, Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Hubei Business School, Hubei University Wuhan China
- Kingston Business School, Kingston University London UK
| | | | | | | | - Dora Scholarios
- Strathclyde Business School University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
| | - Aslaug Mikkelsen
- University of Stavanger Business School University of Stavanger Stavanger Norway
| | - Izabela Marzec
- Department of Public Management and Social Science University of Economics in Katowice Katowice Poland
| | - Piotr Jędrzejowicz
- Department of Information Systems Gdynia Maritime University Gdynia Poland
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14
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Hognestad Haaland G, Olsen E, Mikkelsen A. The association between supervisor support and ethical dilemmas on Nurses' intention to leave: The mediating role of the meaning of work. J Nurs Manag 2020; 29:286-293. [PMID: 32893914 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the association between supervisor support and ethical dilemmas on nurses' intention to leave health care organisations, both directly and through the mediating role of the meaning of work. BACKGROUND The shortage of nurses makes it vital that organisations retain nurses and so reduce the costs associated with replacing experienced nurses. METHODS This cross-sectional study samples 2,946 registered nurses from a selected health region in Norway. Structural equation modelling was used to test a hypothesized model. RESULTS Social support from the supervisor and ethical dilemmas is associated with nurses' intention to leave, both directly and indirectly through the mediating role of the meaning of work. CONCLUSION Health care organisations should enhance social support from supervisors and the meaning of work, and reduce the level of ethical dilemmas in hospitals. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Health care organisations should continuously develop and offer training in nurse manager skills, such as being empathic, understanding employees' needs and how to communicate and handle ethical dilemmas. Managers should value staff contributions, encourage staff involvement in ethical questions and highlight the impact of nurses' work on improving the welfare of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guro Hognestad Haaland
- Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Business School, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Espen Olsen
- Business School, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Aslaug Mikkelsen
- Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Business School, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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15
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Øygarden O, Olsen E, Mikkelsen A. Changing to improve? Organizational change and change-oriented leadership in hospitals. J Health Organ Manag 2020; ahead-of-print:687-706. [PMID: 32830931 PMCID: PMC7810022 DOI: 10.1108/jhom-09-2019-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper aims to fill gaps in one's knowledge of the impact of organizational change on two outcomes relevant to hospital service quality (performance obstacles and physician job satisfaction) and in one's knowledge of the role of middle manager change-oriented leadership in relation to the same outcomes. Further, the authors aim to identify how physician participation in decision-making is impacted by organizational change and change-oriented leadership, as well as how it mediates the relationships between these two variables, performance obstacles and job satisfaction. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design including data from Norwegian hospital physicians (N = 556). A hypothetical model was developed based on existing theory, confirmatory factor analysis was carried out in order to ensure the validity of measurement concepts, and the structural model was estimated using structural equation modelling. FINDINGS The organizational changes in question were positively related to performance obstacles both directly and indirectly through participation in decision-making. Organizational change was also negatively related to job satisfaction, both directly and indirectly. Change-oriented leadership was negatively related to performance obstacles, but only indirectly through participation in decision-making, whereas it was positively related to job satisfaction both directly and indirectly. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The authors developed a theoretical model based on existing theory, but to their knowledge no other studies have tested these exact relationships within one model. These findings offer insights relevant to current and ongoing developments in the healthcare field and to the question of how hospitals may deal with continuous changes in ways that could contribute positively towards outcomes relevant to service quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaug Øygarden
- University of Stavanger Business School
, Stavanger,
Norway
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre
, Stavanger,
Norway
| | - Espen Olsen
- University of Stavanger Business School
, Stavanger,
Norway
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaug Øygarden
- UiS Business School, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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17
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Mikkelsen A, Rozynek Z. Mechanical Properties of Particle Films on Curved Interfaces Probed through Electric Field-Induced Wrinkling of Particle Shells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:29396-29407. [PMID: 31329414 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Similar to the human skin, a monolayer of packed particles capillary bound to a liquid interface wrinkles when subjected to compressive stress. The induced wrinkles absorb the applied stress and do not disappear unless the stress is removed. Experimental and theoretical investigations of wrinkle formation typically concern flat particle monolayers subjected to uniaxial stress. In this work, we extend the results on wrinkling of particle-covered interfaces to the investigation of mechanical properties of particle films on a curved interface, that is, we study particle shells formed on droplets and subjected to hoop stress. Opposed to flat particle layers where liquid buoyancy alone acts as the effective stiffness, the mechanical properties of particle layers on small droplets are also affected by the surface curvature. We show here that this leads to formation of wrinkles with different characteristic wavelengths compared to those found at flat interfaces. Our experimental results also reveal that the wrinkle wavelength of particle shells is proportional to the square root of particle size and the size of the droplets on which the shells are formed. Wrinkling of particle layers composed of microparticles with diameters ranging from around 1-100 μm was induced using a novel approach combining electrodeformation and electrohydrodynamic flows. We demonstrate that our contactless approach for studying the mechanical properties of particle shells enables estimation of elasticity, particle film thickness, and bending stiffness of particle shells. The proposed approach is insensitive to both particle coverage and electric field strength. In addition, it enables manipulation of particle packing that is intimately linked with formation of wrinkling patterns. With a wide range of applications depending on accurate mechanical properties (e.g., drug-delivery capsules to self-healing materials), this work provides a valuable method to characterize the mechanical properties of shells and tailor their surface properties (i.e., permeability and roughness).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mikkelsen
- Faculty of Physics , Adam Mickiewicz University , Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2 , Poznań 61-614 , Poland
| | - Z Rozynek
- Faculty of Physics , Adam Mickiewicz University , Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2 , Poznań 61-614 , Poland
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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18
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Haaland GH, Olsen E, Mikkelsen A. Making a career in hospitals: Determinants of registered nurses' aspirations to become a manager. J Adv Nurs 2019; 75:2506-2515. [PMID: 30883876 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine seven determinants of Registered Nurses' aspirations to become a manager in four Norwegian public hospitals. BACKGROUND Research evidence shows that nurses submit few applications to management positions. Understanding the determinants that influence nurses' aspirations to become managers can provide healthcare organizations with important knowledge on the drivers and barriers in recruitment and on the development of nurse managers. DESIGN This study adopted a cross-sectional web-based survey design. METHOD Logistic regression analysis based on 2,630 Registered Nurses' responses to a self-completion survey in a Norwegian regional health authority collected during October 2014. The overall response rate was 40%. RESULTS Findings indicate that men and younger nurses are most likely to report an aspiration in management. The social support of an immediate supervisor and institutional stress are positively associated with an aspiration to become a manager; however, high experienced workloads have the opposite effect. CONCLUSION Healthcare organizations should work strategically to develop a human resource management policy that ensures that the organization develops the nurse managers it needs now and in the future. IMPACT This study addresses the challenge of having enough qualified nurse managers. The main findings indicate that job demands can have both a negative and positive impact on nurses' aspirations to become a manager. Healthcare organizations should, however, reduce demands and consider increasing job resources. The results should have an impact on the human resource department, managers, and other key personnel in healthcare organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Espen Olsen
- Business School, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Aslaug Mikkelsen
- Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Business School, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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19
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Tchaplyguine M, Wright C, Shavorskiy A, Zhu S, Mikkelä MH, Zhang C, Björneholm O, Mårsell E, Mikkelsen A, Sorensen S, Hetherington CJD, Wallenberg LR. Tin-oxide nanoparticles deposited from a beam: what happens to the composition? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:6287-6295. [PMID: 30834904 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06168h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The debate around the oxidation states occurring in laboratory-prepared tin-oxide samples has been for a long time an obstacle for an unambiguous assignment of characterization studies performed on such samples. In particular the changes in the Sn core-level energies caused by oxidation - i.e. the chemical shifts - as measured by photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) have been under discussion. The assignment problem is especially pronounced for nanoscale structures, which are important for photovoltaics, electronics, catalysis, and gas sensing. The reasons for the difficulties lie both in the natural properties of tin oxides, which can have substantial deficiencies of oxygen and tin in the lattice, and in the shortcomings of the fabrication and PES-characterization procedures themselves. Our recent PES study on tin-oxide nanoparticles fabricated by vapour-aggregation gave a chemical shift two times larger than earlier reported for Sn(iv) oxide for the Sn 4d level. The implemented fabrication technique forms an in-vacuum beam of particles whose composition can be both controlled and characterized by PES. In the present work SnO and SnO2 nanoparticles fabricated this way were deposited from the beam and probed by PES directly, as well as after exposure to air. The deposited nanoparticle films were also imaged by TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy). The effects of the deposition process and exposure to air on the chemical composition were studied. The PES study of deposited SnO2 nanoparticles in the Sn 4d and Sn 3d core-level regions revealed the same core level shift as for unsupported nanoparticles, indicating that the chemical composition is preserved in the deposition process. The TEM study demonstrated a crystalline structure of separate SnO2 particles with lattice constants close to the macroscopic Sn(iv)-oxide. The PES study on the particles exposed to air showed changes in the composition. For the film of initially SnO particles a higher intermediate oxide was created. For the SnO2 nanoparticle film a lower, but strong, intermediate oxide was observed, likely at the surface.
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20
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Van der Heijde CM, Van der Heijden BIJM, Scholarios D, Bozionelos N, Mikkelsen A, Epitropaki O, Marzec I, Jędrzejowicz P, Looise JC. Learning Climate Perceptions as a Determinant of Employability: An Empirical Study Among European ICT Professionals. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2471. [PMID: 30631291 PMCID: PMC6315140 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the role of age in the relationship between perceptions of learning climate and self- and supervisor-rated employability among European Information and Communication Technology (ICT) professionals. The psychological climate for learning was operationalized by three indicators, namely the perceptions that employees have of the learning value of their job, supervisor support for learning, and the organizational support for learning. As hypothesized, a Structural Equation Model demonstrated that the relationship between age and perceptions of learning climate was negative. The model also showed a strong positive relationship between learning climate and self-reported and supervisor-rated employability. Furthermore, learning climate perceptions appeared important for employability irrespective of life or career stage. An explorative bootstrapping-based test suggested that older workers with managerial responsibilities profit less from psychological learning climate for self-reported and supervisor-rated employability than older workers at non-managerial levels. These findings have important implications for human resource practices that aim to increase lifelong employability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatrice I J M Van der Heijden
- Institute for Management Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands.,Kingston University, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Boström EV, Gisselbrecht M, Brage T, Almbladh CO, Mikkelsen A, Verdozzi C. Time-Stretched Spectroscopy by the Quantum Zeno Effect: The Case of Auger Decay. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:233201. [PMID: 30576192 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.233201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A tenet of time-resolved spectroscopy is "faster laser pulses for shorter timescales". Here, we suggest turning this paradigm around, and slowing down the system dynamics via repeated measurements, to do spectroscopy on longer timescales. This is the principle of the quantum Zeno effect. We exemplify our approach with the Auger process, and find that repeated measurements increase the core-hole lifetime, redistribute the kinetic energy of Auger electrons, and alter entanglement formation. We further provide an explicit experimental protocol for atomic Li, to make our proposal concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Viñas Boström
- Lund University, Department of Physics and ETSF, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Gisselbrecht
- Lund University, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - T Brage
- Lund University, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - C-O Almbladh
- Lund University, Department of Physics and ETSF, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A Mikkelsen
- Lund University, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - C Verdozzi
- Lund University, Department of Physics and ETSF, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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22
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Øygarden O, By RT, Bjaalid G, Mikkelsen A. Establishing a multidisciplinary day-care surgery department: Challenges for nursing management. J Nurs Manag 2018; 27:133-142. [DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Mikkelsen A, Khobaib K, Eriksen FK, Måløy KJ, Rozynek Z. Particle-covered drops in electric fields: drop deformation and surface particle organization. Soft Matter 2018; 14:5442-5451. [PMID: 29901062 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00915e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Drops covered by adsorbed particles are a prominent research topic because they hold promise for a variety of practical applications. Unlocking the enormous potential of particle-laden drops in new material fabrication, for instance, requires understanding how surface particles affect the electrical and deformation properties of drops, as well as developing new routes for particle manipulation at the interface of drops. In this study, we utilized electric fields to experimentally investigate the mechanics of particle-covered silicone oil drops suspended in castor oil, as well as particle assembly at drop surfaces. We used particles with electrical conductivities ranging from insulating polystyrene to highly conductive silver. When subjected to electric fields, drops can change shape, rotate, or break apart. In the first part of this work, we demonstrate how the deformation magnitude and shape of drops, as well as their electrical properties, are affected by electric field strength, particle size, conductivity, and coverage. We also discuss the role of electrohydrodynamic flows on drop deformation. In the second part, we present the electric field-directed assembly and organization of particles at drop surfaces. In this regard, we studied various parameters in detail, including electric field strength, particle size, coverage, and electrical conductivity. Finally, we present a novel method for controlling the local particle coverage and packing of particles on drop surfaces by simply tuning the frequency of the applied electric field. This approach is expected to find uses in optical materials and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mikkelsen
- Institute of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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24
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Tchaplyguine M, Mikkelä MH, Mårsell E, Polley C, Mikkelsen A, Zhang W, Yartsev A, Hetherington CJD, Wallenberg LR, Björneholm O. Metal-passivated PbS nanoparticles: fabrication and characterization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:7252-7261. [PMID: 28239693 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06870g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic-shell-free PbS nanoparticles have been produced in the size range relevant for quantum-dot solar cells (QDSCs) by a vapor aggregation method involving magnetron reactive sputtering. This method creates a beam of free 5-10 nm particles in a vacuum. The dimensions of the particles were estimated after their deposition on a substrate by imaging them using ex situ SEM and HRTEM electron microscopy. The particle structure and chemical composition could be deduced "on the fly", prior to deposition, using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with tunable synchrotron radiation. Our XPS results suggest that under certain conditions it is possible to fabricate particles with a semiconductor core and 1 to 2 monolayer shells of metallic lead. For this case the absolute energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) in PbS has been determined to be (5.0 ± 0.5) eV below the vacuum level. For such particles deposited on a substrate HRTEM has confirmed the XPS-based conclusions on the crystalline PbS structure of the semiconductor core. Absorption spectroscopy on the deposited film has given a value of ∼1 eV for the lowest exciton. Together with the valence XPS results this has allowed us to reconstruct the energy level scheme of the particles. The results obtained are discussed in the context of the properties of PbS QDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tchaplyguine
- MAX-lab, Lund University, P.O. Box SE-118, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - M-H Mikkelä
- MAX-lab, Lund University, P.O. Box SE-118, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - E Mårsell
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Division, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - C Polley
- MAX-lab, Lund University, P.O. Box SE-118, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - A Mikkelsen
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Division, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - W Zhang
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - A Yartsev
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - C J D Hetherington
- nCHREM, Center for analysis and synthesis, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - L R Wallenberg
- nCHREM, Center for analysis and synthesis, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - O Björneholm
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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25
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Mikkelsen A, Olsen E. The influence of change-oriented leadership on work performance and job satisfaction in hospitals - the mediating roles of learning demands and job involvement. Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl) 2018; 32:37-53. [PMID: 30702042 DOI: 10.1108/lhs-12-2016-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to examine the mechanisms through which change-oriented leadership in hospitals influences job performance and employee job satisfaction. The authors examine the direct and the mediating effects of perceived learning demands and job involvement. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH This cross-sectional study is based on a survey of four public hospitals in a regional health authority in Norway. FINDINGS The findings illustrate how change-oriented leadership directly and indirectly influences work performance and job satisfaction. Learning demands and job involvement play mediating roles. Higher levels of change-oriented leadership decrease learning demands and increase job involvement, work performance and job satisfaction. Learning demands have a negative influence on work performance and job satisfaction. Job involvement has a positive influence on work performance and job satisfaction. The strongest relationship in the structural modelling is between change-oriented leadership and job involvement. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS This study is based on cross-sectional data. Future studies should therefore explore this further using a longitudinal design. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The practical implication of the study is to show how leaders by change-oriented behaviour can influence work performance and job satisfaction by reducing learning demands and increasing job involvement. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS This study illustrates different paths towards influencing job performance and job satisfaction from change-oriented leadership. It is important to use the potential of reducing learning demands and increasing job involvement, to improve job performance and job satisfaction. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The authors have developed and validated a new theoretical mediational model explaining variance in job performance and job satisfaction, and how this is related to change-oriented leadership, job involvement and learning demands. This knowledge can be used to increase the probability of successful change initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslaug Mikkelsen
- UiS Business School, University of Stavanger , Stavanger, Norway and Stavanger University Hospital , Stavanger, Norway
| | - Espen Olsen
- Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger , Stavanger, Norway
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26
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Olsen E, Bjaalid G, Mikkelsen A. Work climate and the mediating role of workplace bullying related to job performance, job satisfaction, and work ability: A study among hospital nurses. J Adv Nurs 2017; 73:2709-2719. [PMID: 28512986 DOI: 10.1111/jan.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To increase understanding of workplace bullying and its relation to work climate and different outcomes among nurses. Examine a proposed bullying model including both job resource and job demands, as well as nurse outcomes reflected in job performance, job satisfaction, and work ability. BACKGROUND Workplace bullying has been identified as some of the most damaging mechanisms in workplace settings. It is important to increase understanding of workplace bullying in relation to work climate and different outcomes among nurses. DESIGN This study adopted a cross-sectional web based survey design. METHOD A sample of 2946 Registered Nurses from four public Norwegian hospitals were collected during October 2014. We analysed data using descriptive statistics, correlations, Cronbach's alpa, confirmatory factor analyses, and structural equation modelling. RESULTS The majority of work climate characteristics confirmed to influence workplace bullying, and additionally had direct influence on nurse outcomes; job performance, job satisfaction, and work ability. Bullying had a mediational role between most of the work climate dimensions and nurse outcomes. CONCLUSION This study increases our understanding of organizational antecedent of bullying among nurses. Workplace bullying among nurses functions as a mediator between the majority of work climate dimensions and outcomes related to job satisfaction and work ability. Strategies to reduce bullying should look at the study finding and specifically job resources and job demands that influence bullying and nurse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espen Olsen
- Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, Department of Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Aslaug Mikkelsen
- Business school, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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Laudal T, Bjaalid G, Mikkelsen A. Hairy Goals and Organizational Fit: A Case of Implementing ICT-Supported Task Planning in a Large Hospital Region. Journal of Change Management 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14697017.2016.1161655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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dos Santos EC, Rozynek Z, Hansen EL, Hartmann-Petersen R, Klitgaard RN, Løbner-Olesen A, Michels L, Mikkelsen A, Plivelic TS, Bordallo HN, Fossum JO. Ciprofloxacin intercalated in fluorohectorite clay: identical pure drug activity and toxicity with higher adsorption and controlled release rate. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01384a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the use of the synthetic clay fluorohectorite (Fh) as a drug delivery system of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. The adsorption capacity is very high, and Fh promotes controlled drug release without changing drug effectiveness and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. C. dos Santos
- Department of Physics
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- Trondheim
- Norway
- Niels Bohr Institute (NBI)
| | - Z. Rozynek
- Department of Physics
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- Trondheim
- Norway
- Faculty of Physics
| | - E. L. Hansen
- Department of Physics
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- Trondheim
- Norway
| | | | - R. N. Klitgaard
- Department of Biology
- University of Copenhagen
- Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | | | - L. Michels
- Department of Physics
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- Trondheim
- Norway
| | - A. Mikkelsen
- Department of Physics
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- Trondheim
- Norway
- Faculty of Physics
| | | | - H. N. Bordallo
- Niels Bohr Institute (NBI)
- University of Copenhagen
- Copenhagen
- Denmark
- European Spallation Source ERIC
| | - J. O. Fossum
- Department of Physics
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- Trondheim
- Norway
- Institute Pierre-Gilles de Gennes pour la microfluidique
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Mikkelsen A, Galli C, Eiben G, Ahrens W, Iacoviello L, Molnár D, Pala V, Risé P, Rodriguez G, Russo P, Tornaritis M, Veidebaum T, Vyncke K, Wolters M, Mehlig K. Blood fatty acid composition in relation to allergy in children aged 2-9 years: results from the European IDEFICS study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 71:39-44. [PMID: 27650873 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Blood polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are involved in allergy development, but the etiological role of n-6 and n-3 PUFA is still controversial. A European multicenter study of children (IDEFICS) provided the opportunity to explore the cross-sectional association between fatty acids (FA) and allergy. SUBJECTS/METHODS Blood FA levels were measured in 2600 children aged 2-9 years and were recorded as the percentage of weight of all FA detected. Logistic regression of allergy status on FA components was adjusted for age, sex, country, body mass index, family history of allergic disease, breast-feeding, and number of siblings. The results were given as odds ratios (OR) for current vs no allergy ever and an increase in FA by 1 s.d. RESULTS Overall, higher proportions of n-6 PUFA were associated with higher odds of allergy (OR=1.21 (1.05, 1.40)). Monounsaturated FA (MUFA) were associated with reduced risk for allergy (OR=0.75 (0.65, 0.87)), whereas saturated FA did not differ by allergy status. The strongest associations were observed in children <4 years old, with ORs of allergy given as 1.62 (1.15, 2.29) for n-3 PUFA and 0.63 (0.42, 0.95) for MUFA. With regard to individual FA, these associations were independently observed for docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-3) and oleic acid (18:1 n-9). CONCLUSIONS Both PUFA subtypes were positively associated with allergy in an age-dependent manner, whereas MUFA was associated with less allergy. The observation of high proportions of n-3 PUFA in allergic children younger than 4 years might help to understand the nature of early onset of atopic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mikkelsen
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Närhälsan, Research and Development Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - C Galli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, DiSFeB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Eiben
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - W Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - L Iacoviello
- Laboratory of Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - D Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - V Pala
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - P Risé
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, DiSFeB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Rodriguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition, and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Aragón, Spain
| | - P Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy
| | - M Tornaritis
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - T Veidebaum
- National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - K Vyncke
- Department of Public Health, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Wolters
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - K Mehlig
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abstract
This exploratory study of police officers examined potential effects of having a spouse or partner who is also in police work on levels of work-family conflict and spouse or partner concerns. Data were collected from 776 police officers in Norway using anonymously completed questionnaires. Police officers having spouses or partners also in police work reported significantly lower spouse or partner concerns but the same levels of work-family conflict. Possible explanations for these findings are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Burke
- Department of Organizational Behaviour, Schulich School of Business, York University, North York, ON, Canada.
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31
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Logan JA, Patel SJ, Harrington SD, Polley CM, Schultz BD, Balasubramanian T, Janotti A, Mikkelsen A, Palmstrøm CJ. Observation of a topologically non-trivial surface state in half-Heusler PtLuSb (001) thin films. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11993. [PMID: 27346655 PMCID: PMC4931221 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of topological insulators, materials with bulk band gaps and protected cross-gap surface states in compounds such as Bi2Se3, has generated much interest in identifying topological surface states (TSSs) in other classes of materials. In particular, recent theoretical calculations suggest that TSSs may be found in half-Heusler ternary compounds. If experimentally realizable, this would provide a materials platform for entirely new heterostructure spintronic devices that make use of the structurally identical but electronically varied nature of Heusler compounds. Here we show the presence of a TSS in epitaxially grown thin films of the half-Heusler compound PtLuSb. Spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, complemented by theoretical calculations, reveals a surface state with linear dispersion and a helical tangential spin texture consistent with previous predictions. This experimental verification of topological behaviour is a significant step forward in establishing half-Heusler compounds as a viable material system for future spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Logan
- Materials Department, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - S. J. Patel
- Materials Department, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - S. D. Harrington
- Materials Department, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C. M. Polley
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - B. D. Schultz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | | | - A. Janotti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - A. Mikkelsen
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - C. J. Palmstrøm
- Materials Department, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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32
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Bozionelos N, Kostopoulos K, Van der Heijden B, Rousseau DM, Bozionelos G, Hoyland T, Miao R, Marzec I, Jędrzejowicz P, Epitropaki O, Mikkelsen A, Scholarios D, Van der Heijde C. Employability and Job Performance as Links in the Relationship Between Mentoring Receipt and Career Success. Group & Organization Management 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1059601115617086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study developed and tested a model that posited employability and job performance as intervening variables in the relationship between receipt of mentoring and career success. Participants were 207 information technology (IT) professionals employed in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in three European countries. Mentoring receipt was related to both employability and job performance. Employability mediated the relationship of mentoring receipt with objective and subjective career success, as well as its relationship with job performance. The findings indicate that receipt of mentoring is connected to job performance, a link that has hitherto lacked empirical evidence. In addition, they suggest a pivotal role for employability in the relationship of mentoring receipt with job performance and career success. Overall, this study helps unveil the mechanism through which mentoring affects career outcomes. Moreover, it shows that the benefits of mentoring hold outside the context of large corporations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beatrice Van der Heijden
- Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Open Universiteit, Heerlen, Netherlands
- University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Rentao Miao
- Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China
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33
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Bjaalid G, Laudal T, Mikkelsen A. Hairy Goals in Change Management: The Case of Implementing ICT-Supported Task Planning in a Hospital Setting. Journal of Change Management 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/14697017.2015.1067243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Knutsson JV, Lehmann S, Hjort M, Reinke P, Lundgren E, Dick KA, Timm R, Mikkelsen A. Atomic scale surface structure and morphology of InAs nanowire crystal superlattices: the effect of epitaxial overgrowth. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:5748-55. [PMID: 25710727 PMCID: PMC4382987 DOI: 10.1021/am507931z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
While shell growth engineering to the atomic scale is important for tailoring semiconductor nanowires with superior properties, a precise knowledge of the surface structure and morphology at different stages of this type of overgrowth has been lacking. We present a systematic scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study of homoepitaxial shell growth of twinned superlattices in zinc blende InAs nanowires that transforms {111}A/B-type facets to the nonpolar {110}-type. STM imaging along the nanowires provides information on different stages of the shell growth revealing distinct differences in growth dynamics of the crystal facets and surface structures not found in the bulk. While growth of a new surface layer is initiated simultaneously (at the twin plane interface) on the {111}A and {111}B nanofacets, the step flow growth proceeds much faster on {111}A compared to {111}B leading to significant differences in roughness. Further, we observe that the atomic scale structures on the {111}B facet is different from its bulk counterpart and that shell growth on this facet occurs via steps perpendicular to the ⟨112⟩B-type directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. V. Knutsson
- Department
of Physics and The Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22 100 Lund, Sweden
| | - S. Lehmann
- Department
of Physics and The Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22 100 Lund, Sweden
| | - M. Hjort
- Department
of Physics and The Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22 100 Lund, Sweden
| | - P. Reinke
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Virginia, 395 McCormick
Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - E. Lundgren
- Department
of Physics and The Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22 100 Lund, Sweden
| | - K. A. Dick
- Department
of Physics and The Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22 100 Lund, Sweden
- Center
for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - R. Timm
- Department
of Physics and The Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22 100 Lund, Sweden
| | - A. Mikkelsen
- Department
of Physics and The Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22 100 Lund, Sweden
- E-mail:
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35
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Hvidtfeldt MW, Andersson C, Mikkelsen A, Gislason G, Torp-Pedersen C, Hansen ML. Safety in rate control medication in patients with atrial fibrillation: a nationwide study. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht309.p4114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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36
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Hjort M, Lehmann S, Knutsson J, Timm R, Jacobsson D, Lundgren E, Dick KA, Mikkelsen A. Direct imaging of atomic scale structure and electronic properties of GaAs wurtzite and zinc blende nanowire surfaces. Nano Lett 2013; 13:4492-4498. [PMID: 23941328 DOI: 10.1021/nl402424x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy we study the atomic scale geometry and electronic structure of GaAs nanowires exhibiting controlled axial stacking of wurtzite (Wz) and zinc blende (Zb) crystal segments. We find that the nonpolar low-index surfaces {110}, {101[overline]0}, and {112[overline]0} are unreconstructed, unpinned, and without states in the band gap region. Direct comparison between Wz and Zb GaAs reveal a type-II band alignment and a Wz GaAs band gap of 1.52 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hjort
- Department of Physics, Lund University , P.O. Box 118, 22 100 Lund, Sweden
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37
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Heggland LH, Mikkelsen A, Øgaard T, Hausken K. Measuring patient participation in surgical treatment decision-making from healthcare professionals' perspective. J Clin Nurs 2013; 23:482-91. [PMID: 23551641 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To develop, empirical test, and validate an instrument measuring patient participation in surgical treatment decision-making from healthcare professionals' perspective. BACKGROUND Since the advent of New Public Management in many Western countries, patient participation in healthcare decision-making has been considered to be a best practice. A common notion is that well-educated and well-informed public want to choose their own treatments and providers and want to ask questions about the quality of their health services. DESIGN Survey. METHODS A self-report-measuring instrument was designed and administered to 620 healthcare professionals. Items were developed, validated and tested by 451 nurses and physicians working in six surgical wards in a University Hospital in Norway. RESULTS A 16-item scale with the following four dimensions was developed: information dissemination, formulation of options, integration of information and control. Factor analysis procedures and reliability testing were performed. A one-way, between-groups analysis of variance was conducted to compare doctors' and nurses' opinions on four dimensions of patient participation in surgical treatment decision-making. CONCLUSIONS This article shows that patient participation in surgical treatment decision-making can be measured by a 16-item scale and four distinct dimensions. The analysis demonstrated a reasonable level of construct validity and reliability. Nurses and physicians have a positive attitude towards patient participation overall, but the two groups differ in the extent to which they accept the idea of patient participation in treatment decision-making. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The instrument can be a tool for managers and healthcare professionals in the implementation of patient participation in clinical practice. Data from the instrument can be useful to identify health services being provided and what areas that could strengthen patient participation.
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38
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Heggland LH, Mikkelsen A, Hausken K. Models, phases and cases of patient participation in decision-making in surgical treatment in Norway: A qualitative study. Nurs Health Sci 2012; 15:39-44. [PMID: 23171367 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2018.2012.00716.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liv-Helen Heggland
- Department of Surgery; Division of Surgery; Stavanger University Hospital; Stavanger; Norway
| | - Aslaug Mikkelsen
- Department of Business School; Business School; University of Stavanger; Stavanger; Norway
| | - Kjell Hausken
- Department of Social Sciences; Faculty of Social Sciences; University of Stavanger; Stavanger; Norway
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39
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Vinogradov NA, Zakharov AA, Kocevski V, Rusz J, Simonov KA, Eriksson O, Mikkelsen A, Lundgren E, Vinogradov AS, Mårtensson N, Preobrajenski AB. Formation and structure of graphene waves on Fe(110). Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:026101. [PMID: 23030182 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.026101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A very rich Fe-C phase diagram makes the formation of graphene on iron surfaces a challenging task. Here we demonstrate that the growth of graphene on epitaxial iron films can be realized by chemical vapor deposition at relatively low temperatures, and that the formation of carbides can be avoided in excess of the carbon-containing precursors. The resulting graphene monolayer creates a novel periodically corrugated pattern on Fe(110). Using low-energy electron microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy, we show that it is modulated in one dimension forming long waves with a period of ∼4 nm parallel to the [001] direction of the substrate, with an additional height modulation along the wave crests. The observed topography of the graphene/Fe superstructure is well reproduced by density functional theory calculations, and found to result from a unique combination of the lattice mismatch and strong interfacial interaction, as probed by core-level photoemission and x-ray absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Vinogradov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 530, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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40
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Schwenke J, Lorek E, Rakowski R, He X, Kvennefors A, Mikkelsen A, Rudawski P, Heyl CM, Maximov I, Pettersson SG, Persson A, L'Huillier A. Digital in-line holography on amplitude and phase objects prepared with electron beam lithography. J Microsc 2012; 247:196-201. [PMID: 22670851 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2012.03632.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Schwenke
- Division of Atomic Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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41
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Gustafson J, Lundgren E, Mikkelsen A, Borg M, Klikovits J, Schmid M, Varga P, Andersen JN. The Rh(100)-(3 × 1)-2O structure. J Phys Condens Matter 2012; 24:225006. [PMID: 22565149 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/22/225006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The O adsorption on Rh(100) has been studied using high resolution core level spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction and scanning tunnelling microscopy. In addition to the well known (2 × 2), (2 × 2)-pg and c(8 × 2) structures at coverages of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.75 ML respectively, an intermediate (3 × 1) structure with a coverage of 2/3 ML is identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gustafson
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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42
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Kennedy SM, Hjort M, Mandl B, Marsell E, Zakharov AA, Mikkelsen A, Paganin DM, Jesson DE. Characterizing the geometry of InAs nanowires using mirror electron microscopy. Nanotechnology 2012; 23:125703. [PMID: 22397834 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/12/125703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mirror electron microscopy (MEM) imaging of InAs nanowires is a non-destructive electron microscopy technique where the electrons are reflected via an applied electric field before they reach the specimen surface. However strong caustic features are observed that can be non-intuitive and difficult to relate to nanowire geometry and composition. Utilizing caustic imaging theory we can understand and interpret MEM image contrast, relating caustic image features to the properties and parameters of the nanowire. This is applied to obtain quantitative information, including the nanowire width via a through-focus series of MEM images.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Kennedy
- School of Physics, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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43
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Vinogradov NA, Zakharov AA, Ng ML, Mikkelsen A, Lundgren E, Mårtensson N, Preobrajenski AB. One-dimensional corrugation of the h-BN monolayer on Fe(110). Langmuir 2012; 28:1775-1781. [PMID: 22185488 DOI: 10.1021/la2035642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on a new nanopatterned structure represented by a single atomic layer of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) forming long periodic waves on the Fe(110) surface. The growth process and the structure of this system are characterized by X-ray absorption (XAS), core-level photoemission spectroscopy (CL PES), low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM), microbeam low-energy electron diffraction (μLEED), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The h-BN monolayer on Fe(110) is periodically corrugated in a wavy fashion with an astonishing degree of long-range order, periodicity of 2.6 nm, and the corrugation amplitude of ∼0.8 Å. The wavy pattern results from a strong chemical bonding between h-BN and Fe in combination with a lattice mismatch in either [111] or [111] direction of the Fe(110) surface. Two primary orientations of h-BN on Fe(110) can be observed corresponding to the possible directions of lattice match between h-BN and Fe(110), with approximately equal area of the boron nitride domains of each orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Vinogradov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 530, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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44
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Abstract
AIMS This study presents development, empirical testing and validation of an instrument measuring service user involvement in in-patient mental health from the mental health professionals' perspective. BACKGROUND Service user involvement is high on the agenda in European mental health policies. In Norway, focus is on enhanced service user involvement at both the individual and organisational levels of in-patient mental health services. Mental health professionals are in an important position to ensure opportunities for real user involvement in in-patient mental health care. However, there is a need for more empirical knowledge on how mental health professionals attend to service user involvement. DESIGN Survey. METHODS A self-report questionnaire was designed and administered to 121 mental health professionals, with 98 responses, working in a community-based mental health centre in western Norway. Factor analysis procedures together with reliability testing were performed. RESULTS A 30-items instrument was developed. The instrument contains four components/subscales: (1) Democratic patient involvement (mean score 3·74, Cronbach's alpha 0·81), (2) Carer involvement (mean score 3·67, Cronbach's alpha 0·82), (3) Assisted patient involvement (mean score 4·05, Cronbach's alpha 0·78) and (4) Management support (mean score 4·10, Cronbach's alpha 0·75). These subscales were found to be essential to service user involvement in the context of in-patient mental health care. The total mean score for the instrument was 3·88, Cronbach's alpha 0·88. CONCLUSION Empirical testing of the instrument demonstrates that the measurement of mental health professionals' perception of service user involvement has a reasonable level of construct validity and reliability. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE We have developed a measurement instrument with items reflecting essential characteristics to user involvement in in-patient mental health services. We believe that answering this questionnaire on the subject user involvement can act as one step towards enhancing awareness of this issue and to assess user-oriented practices in treatment and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Storm
- Department of Health Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
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45
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Van der Heijden BIJM, Scholarios D, Van der Schoot E, Jedrzejowicz P, Bozionelos N, Epitropaki O, Knauth P, Marzec I, Mikkelsen A, Van der Heijde C. Supervisor-subordinate age dissimilarity and performance ratings: the buffering effects of supervisory relationship and practice. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2011; 71:231-58. [PMID: 21174640 DOI: 10.2190/ag.71.3.d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using 394 pairs of employees and their immediate supervisors working in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector in three northern European countries, this study examined the effect of workplace moderators on the link between relational demography and supervisor ratings of performance. Directional age differences between superior and subordinate (i.e., status incongruence caused when the supervisor is older or younger than his/her subordinate) and non-directional age differences were used as predictors of supervisor ratings of occupational expertise. The quality of the supervisor-subordinate relationship and the existence of positive age-related supervisory practices were examined as moderators of this relationship. The results provide no support for a relationship between directional age differences and age-related stereotyping by supervisors in ratings of performance, neither for the effects of age-related supervisory practices. However, high quality supervisor-subordinate relationships did moderate the effects of age dissimilarity on supervisory ratings. The implications of these findings for performance appraisal methodologies and recommendations for further research are discussed.
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46
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between transformational and passive-avoidant leadership and learning climate in a work setting. A sample consisting of 1,061 employees from the Norwegian Postal Service completed the multifactor leadership questionnaire and the learning climate questionnaire. Learning climate dimensions used in the analyses were time, autonomy, team style, opportunities to develop, and guidelines. Findings revealed significant positive paths between transformational leadership and opportunities to develop (β .53), autonomy (β .34), guidelines (β .30), and team style (β .29). Further, significant negative associations were found between passive-avoidant leadership and time (β −.42), team style (β −.30), and guidelines (β −.20). In conclusion, the findings indicate that there is a substantial relationship between leadership and perceptions of a context supporting creativity and learning. The results reveal systematically different patterns of relationships between transformational and passive-avoidant leadership, and aspects of the learning climate, positive and negative, respectively. Based on the findings we emphasize the interpretation of the results and suggest some practical implications for interventions.
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47
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Andreas Engen O, Mikkelsen A, Grønhaug K. Critical incidents and social construction of corporate social responsibility. Social Responsibility Journal 2010. [DOI: 10.1108/17471111011064735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThis paper seeks to address how major companies adjust their behaviour and definitions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) when exposed to “critical incidents”.Design/methodology/approachThis is a qualitative explorative study including two cases from the Norwegian oil and gas industry, both reflecting critical incidents that are included in the present study: the Utkal case of Norsk Hydro and the Iran corruption case of Statoil.FindingsThe critical incidents reported here resulted in changes in decision making and the reformulation of corporate strategies. The findings reported also reveal how the construction of CSR policy and the construction of the reality of the different stakeholders were transferred between companies, NGOs and civil society.Research limitations/implicationsOnly a small sample of events and companies is investigated in the study. Accordingly, future research is needed on how legislation and government regulations affect a broader scale of different companies and how complex organisations manage individual and organisational challenges concerning all aspects of CSR.Practical implicationsAssuming that critical incidents influence organisational attention, interpretation and actions, the study indicates that the incidents can be seen as catalysts for the emergence of new CSR policy. New CSR policy is expressed in the patterns of social behaviour. This implies participating in diverse social networks, partnerships and learning forums and that CSR behaviour is constructed in the interaction between company, NGOs, media and business networks.Originality/valueSimilar studies have not previously been undertaken in Norwegian oil companies.
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Testad I, Mikkelsen A, Ballard C, Aarsland D. Health and well-being in care staff and their relations to organizational and psychosocial factors, care staff and resident factors in nursing homes. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2010; 25:789-97. [PMID: 19862696 DOI: 10.1002/gps.2419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the association of psychosocial factors and patient factors with stress in care staff in nursing homes. METHODS In this cross-sectional survey, 197 care staff from 13 dementia wards from four nursing homes in the Stavanger region, Norway, participated. Stress in care staff was measured by Perceived Stress Scale, Hopkins Symptom Check List, and subjective health complaints. Agitation in patients was measured with the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory. Work-related psychosocial factors were measured by General Nordic Questionnaire for Psychosocial and Social Factors at Work (QPSNordic). Data were analyzed using multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS Psychosocial factors (QPS Nordic) were significantly associated with all the three outcome measures of stress in care staff, whereas agitation was associated with subjective health complaints only. QPS Nordic subscales significantly associated with stress in care staff were those associated with leadership. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial factors were more important predictors of carer stress than patient-related factors such as dementia severity and agitation. The findings provide key background information in the planning of interventions to improve conditions for care staff and ultimately for nursing home residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Testad
- Stavanger University Hospital, Psychiatric Clinic, Stavanger, Norway.
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Hilner E, Zakharov AA, Schulte K, Andersen JN, Lundgren E, Mikkelsen A. Faceting and surface reconstruction of the GaP(111)B surface. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mikkelsen A, Schwenke J, Fordell T, Luo G, Klünder K, Hilner E, Anttu N, Zakharov AA, Lundgren E, Mauritsson J, Andersen JN, Xu HQ, L'Huillier A. Photoemission electron microscopy using extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulse trains. Rev Sci Instrum 2009; 80:123703. [PMID: 20059146 DOI: 10.1063/1.3263759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the first experiments carried out on a new imaging setup, which combines the high spatial resolution of a photoemission electron microscope (PEEM) with the temporal resolution of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulse trains. The very short pulses were provided by high-harmonic generation and used to illuminate lithographic structures and Au nanoparticles, which, in turn, were imaged with a PEEM resolving features below 300 nm. We argue that the spatial resolution is limited by the lack of electron energy filtering in this particular demonstration experiment. Problems with extensive space charge effects, which can occur due to the low probe pulse repetition rate and extremely short duration, are solved by reducing peak intensity while maintaining a sufficient average intensity to allow imaging. Finally, a powerful femtosecond infrared (IR) beam was combined with the XUV beam in a pump-probe setup where delays could be varied from subfemtoseconds to picoseconds. The IR pump beam could induce multiphoton electron emission in resonant features on the surface. The interaction between the electrons emitted by the pump and probe pulses could be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mikkelsen
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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