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Gulseth HL, Gjelstad IMF, Tiereny AC, McCarthy D, Lovegrove JA, Defoort C, Blaak EE, Lopez-Miranda J, Dembinska-Kiec A, Risérus U, Roche HM, Drevon CA, Birkeland KI. Effects of dietary fat on insulin secretion in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2019; 180:321-328. [PMID: 30893645 DOI: 10.1530/eje-19-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objective Impaired insulin secretion and action contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. Dietary fat modification may improve insulin sensitivity, whereas the effect on insulin secretion is unclear. We investigated the effect of dietary fat modification on insulin secretion in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Design In a 12-week pan-European parallel, randomized controlled dietary intervention trial (LIPGENE), 486 subjects were assigned to four isoenergetic diets: high-fat diets rich in saturated fat (HSFA) or monounsaturated fat (HMUFA) or low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diets with (LFHCC n-3) or without (LFHCC control) 1.2 g/day of n-3 PUFA supplementation. Insulin secretion was estimated as acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) and disposition index (DI), modeled from an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Results There were no overall effect of the dietary intervention on AIRg and DI in the total cohort, in neither the high-fat nor LFHCC groups. We observed significant diet*fasting glucose category interactions for AIRg (P = 0.021) and DI (P = 0.001) in the high-fat groups. In subjects with normal fasting glucose and preserved first phase insulin secretion, the HMUFA diet increased, whereas the HSFA diet reduced AIRg (P = 0.015) and DI (P = 0.010). Conclusions The effects of dietary fat modification on insulin secretion were minor, and only evident in normoglycemic subjects. In this case, the HMUFA diet improved AIRg and DI, as compared to the HSFA diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne L Gulseth
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid M F Gjelstad
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Audrey C Tiereny
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute & UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danielle McCarthy
- The Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- Institute for Global Food Security, Northern Ireland Technology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- The Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Ellen E Blaak
- NUTRIM, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia/Universidad de Cordoba and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aldona Dembinska-Kiec
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helen M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute & UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre I Birkeland
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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