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Bittencourt AML, da Silveira BLB, Tondo LP, Rothmann LM, Franco AR, Ferreira PEMS, Viola TW, Grassi-Oliveira R. Cingulate cortical thickness in cocaine use disorder: mediation effect between early life stress and cocaine consumption. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2024; 36:78-86. [PMID: 36416534 PMCID: PMC10203054 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2022.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cingulate gyrus is implicated in the neurobiology of addiction, such as chronic cocaine consumption. Early life stress (ELS) is an important moderator of cocaine use disorder (CUD). Therefore, we investigated the effect of CUD on cingulate cortical thickness and tested whether a history of ELS could influence the effects of CUD. METHODS Participants aged 18-50 years (78 with CUD due to crack cocaine consumption and 53 healthy controls) underwent magnetic resonance imaging and the cingulate thickness (rostral anterior, caudal anterior, posterior, and isthmus regions) was analysed. The clinical assessment comprised the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Addiction Severity Index. Group comparisons adjusting by sex, age, and education were performed. Mediation models were generated where lifetime cocaine use, CTQ score, and cortical thickness corresponded to the independent variable, intermediary variable, and outcome, respectively. RESULTS Group comparisons revealed significant differences in six out of eight cingulate cortices, showing lower thickness in the CUD group. Furthermore, years of regular cocaine use was the variable most associated with cingulate thickness. Negative correlations were found between CTQ scores and the isthmus cingulate (right hemisphere), as well as with the rostral anterior cingulate (left hemisphere). In the mediation analysis, we observed a significant negative direct effect of lifetime cocaine use on the isthmus cingulate and an indirect effect of cocaine use mediated by CTQ score. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a history of ELS could aggravate the negative effects of chronic cocaine use on the cingulate gyrus, particularly in the right isthmus cingulate cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Martins Lucas Bittencourt
- Brain Institute (InsCer/BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), 90619900, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), 96015560, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Lucca Pizzato Tondo
- Brain Institute (InsCer/BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), 90619900, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Melo Rothmann
- Brain Institute (InsCer/BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), 90619900, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rosa Franco
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | - Thiago Wendt Viola
- Brain Institute (InsCer/BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), 90619900, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Brain Institute (InsCer/BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), 90619900, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine – Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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Rothmann LM, Tondo LP, Borelli WV, Esper NB, Portolan ET, Franco AR, Portuguez MW, Ferreira PE, Bittencourt AML, Soder RB, Viola TW, da Costa JC, Grassi-Oliveira R. The cortical thickness of tricenarian cocaine users assembles features of an octogenarian brain. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25287. [PMID: 38284862 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
It has been suggested that substance use disorders could lead to accelerated biological aging, but only a few neuroimaging studies have investigated this hypothesis so far. In this cross-sectional study, structural neuroimaging was performed to measure cortical thickness (CT) in tricenarian adults with cocaine use disorder (CUD, n1 = 30) and their age-paired controls (YC, n1 = 30), and compare it with octogenarian elder controls (EC, n1 = 20). We found that CT in the right fusiform gyrus was similar between CUD and EC, thinner than the expected values of YC. We also found that regarding CT of the right inferior temporal gyrus, right inferior parietal cortex, and left superior parietal cortex, the CUD group exhibited parameters that fell in between EC and YC groups. Finally, CT of the right pars triangularis bordering with orbitofrontal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, and right precentral gyrus were reduced in CUD when contrasted with YC, but those areas were unrelated to CT of EC. Despite the 50-year age gap between our age groups, CT of tricenarian cocaine users assembles features of an octogenarian brain, reinforcing the accelerated aging hypothesis in CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Melo Rothmann
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucca Pizzato Tondo
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo Tavares Portolan
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rosa Franco
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatric, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mirna Wetters Portuguez
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro Eugênio Ferreira
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Bernardi Soder
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thiago Wendt Viola
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jaderson Costa da Costa
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Bittencourt AML, Bampi VF, Sommer RC, Schaker V, Juruena MFP, Soder RB, Franco AR, Sanvicente-Vieira B, Grassi-Oliveira R, Ferreira PEMS. Cortical thickness and subcortical volume abnormalities in male crack-cocaine users. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 310:111232. [PMID: 33621927 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Crack-cocaine offers a higher risk of abuse than intranasal and intravenous use of cocaine. Yet, current treatments remain disappointing and our understanding of the mechanism of crack-cocaine neurotoxicity is still incomplete. Magnetic resonance images studies on brain changes of crack-cocaine addicts show divergent data. The present study investigated gray matter (GM) abnormalities in crack-cocaine dependents (n = 18) compared to healthy controls (n = 17). MRI data was analysed using FreeSurfer and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). FreeSurfer analysis showed that CD had decreased cortical thickness (CT) in the left inferior temporal cortex (lTC), left orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) and left rostro frontal cortex (lRFC), enlargement in left inferior lateral ventricle, and smaller GM volume in right hippocampus and right ventral diencephalon. VBM analysis showed that CD had significantly decreased GM volume in left Putamen and left nucleus accumbens. Furthermore, we found a negative correlation between duration of crack-cocaine use and lTC CT. These results provide compelling evidence for GM abnormalities in CD and also suggest that duration of crack-cocaine use may be associated with CT alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Martins Lucas Bittencourt
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences - Neuroscience, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), 90619900, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius Faccin Bampi
- SW - Adult Community Mental Health Service, Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, St, AL3 5TQ St Albans, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Canani Sommer
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90619900, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Schaker
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90040-060, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Bernardi Soder
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90619900, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Rosa Franco
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeberg, NY, 10962, USA; Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA; Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Breno Sanvicente-Vieira
- Lab of Individual Differences and Psychopathology (LaDIP), Psychology Department - Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), 22453900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences - Neuroscience, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), 90619900, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90619900, Porto Alegre, Brasil
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