1
|
Jay R, Jung SB, Park BH, Jeong BC, Seo SI, Jeon SS, Lee HM, Choi HY, Jeon HG. Compensatory structural and functional adaptation after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma according to preoperative stage of chronic kidney disease. Choi DK, Jung SB, Park BH, Jeong BC, Seo SI, Jeon SS, Lee HM, Choi HY, Jeon HG.J Urol. 2015 Oct;194(4):910-5. [Epub 2015 Apr 28]. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.04.093. Urol Oncol 2017; 35:118-119. [PMID: 28159494 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated structural hypertrophy and functional hyperfiltration as compensatory adaptations after radical nephrectomy in patients with renal cell carcinoma according to the preoperative chronic kidney disease stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively identified 543 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma between 1997 and 2012. Patients were classified according to preoperative glomerular filtration rate as no chronic kidney disease-glomerular filtration rate 90ml/min/1.73m2 or greater (230, 42.4%), chronic kidney disease stage II-glomerular filtration rate 60 to less than 90ml/min/1.73m2 (227, 41.8%), and chronic kidney disease stage III-glomerular filtration rate 30 to less than 60ml/min/1.73m2 (86, 15.8%). Computerized tomography performed within 2 months before surgery and 1 year after surgery was used to assess functional renal volume for measuring the degree of hypertrophy of the remnant kidney, and the preoperative and postoperative glomerular filtration rate per unit volume of functional renal volume was used to calculate the degree of hyperfiltration. RESULTS Among all patients (mean age = 56.0y) mean preoperative glomerular filtration rate, functional renal volume, and glomerular filtration rate/functional renal volume were 83.2ml/min/1.73m2, 340.6cm3, and 0.25ml/min/1.73m2/cm3, respectively. The percent reduction in glomerular filtration rate was statistically significant according to chronic kidney disease stage (no chronic kidney disease 31.2% vs. stage II 26.5% vs. stage III 12.8%, P<0.001). However, the degree of hypertrophic functional renal volume in the remnant kidney was not statistically significant (no chronic kidney disease 18.5% vs. stage II 17.3% vs. stage III 16.5%, P = 0.250). The change in glomerular filtration rate/functional renal volume was statistically significant (no chronic kidney disease 18.5% vs. stage II 20.1% vs. stage III 45.9%, P<0.001). Factors that increased glomerular filtration rate/functional renal volume above the mean value were body mass index (P = 0.012), diabetes mellitus (P = 0.023), hypertension (P = 0.015), and chronic kidney disease stage (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with a lower preoperative glomerular filtration rate had a smaller reduction in postoperative renal function than those with a higher preoperative glomerular filtration rate due to greater degrees of functional hyperfiltration.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim JW, Choi H, Jeong BC, Oh SH, Hur SW, Lee BN, Kim SH, Nör JE, Koh JT, Hwang YC. Transcriptional factor ATF6 is involved in odontoblastic differentiation. J Dent Res 2014; 93:483-9. [PMID: 24570149 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514525199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
ATF6 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-bound transcription factor that regulates various cellular functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of ATF6 in odontoblast differentiation. Rat tooth germs were isolated, changes in gene expression were evaluated over time, and localization of ATF6 was determined by immunohistochemistry. Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) were cultured with 50 µg/mL ascorbic acid and 5 mmol/L β-glycerophosphate or 100 ng/mL bone morphogenetic protein 2 to induce differentiation. Translocation of ATF6 was observed by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Overexpression of ATF6 was performed with an adenoviral vector. Matrix mineralization was evaluated by alizarin red staining. Immunoreactivity to anti-ATF6 was observed in the odontoblastic layer of the molar tooth germ, and expressions of ATF6, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) increased gradually during tooth germ development. When HDPCs were cultured in differentiation media, ATF6, DSPP, and DMP1 expression increased with the expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) markers, BiP and CHOP. Immunofluorescence results showed that ATF6 protein moved from cytoplasm to nucleus when cells were exposed to differentiation media. Notably, overexpression of ATF6 increased DSPP and DMP1 expression, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and matrix mineralization in HDPC cultures. Inhibition of ATF6 decreased ALP activity and mineralization. These results suggest that ER membrane-bound transcriptional factor ATF6 may be involved in odontoblastic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choi Y, Park B, Kim K, Jeong BC, Seo SI, Jeon SS, Choi HY, Lee JE, Lee HM. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and anaemia are independent predictors of survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:387-94. [PMID: 23299540 PMCID: PMC3566817 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The 1997 international consensus conference on renal cell cancer (RCC) prognosis suggested erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and anaemia as prognostic biomarkers, but most studies reviewed were limited by small sample sizes. Methods: The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate whether ESR, ALP, haemoglobin (Hb), and haematocrit (Hct) could predict survival outcomes in 1307 patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) who underwent nephrectomy during 1994–2008. Results: During a median follow-up of 43 months, we found that the patients with preoperative high levels of ESR, had a 2.10-fold (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21–3.67) greater risk of dying from RCC compared with patients with low levels (normal range). Patients with preoperative anaemia, assessed by Hb and Hct, had a 3.11-fold (95% CI: 1.17–8.25) and 6.20-fold (95% CI: 2.30–16.72) greater risk of dying from other illnesses, respectively, compared with patients without anaemia. ALP levels were not associated with ccRCC patients' survival. These associations for ESR and anaemia were more pronounced in patients with body mass index (BMI) <25 compared with patients with BMI ⩾25 kg m−2. Conclusion: Preoperative high ESR, but not ALP, was a significant predictor for cancer-specific survival among ccRCC patients. Anaemia increases the risk of death from other illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Choi
- Women's Health Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Paterson-Beedle M, Jeong BC, Lee CH, Jee KY, Kim WH, Renshaw JC, Macaskie LE. Radiotolerance of phosphatases of a Serratia sp.: potential for the use of this organism in the biomineralization of wastes containing radionuclides. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:1937-46. [PMID: 22422344 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous wastes from nuclear fuel reprocessing present special problems of radiotoxicity of the active species. Cells of Serratia sp. were found previously to accumulate high levels of hydrogen uranyl phosphate (HUP) via the activity of a phosphatase enzyme. Uranium is of relatively low radiotoxicity whereas radionuclide fission products such as (90)Sr and (137)Cs are highly radiotoxic. These radionuclides can be co-crystallized, held within the bio-HUP "host" lattice on the bacterial cells and thereby removed from contaminated solution, depending on continued phosphatase activity. Radiostability tests using a commercial (60)Co γ-source showed that while cell viability and activity of purified phosphatase were lost within a few hours on irradiation, whole-cell phosphatase retained 80% of the initial activity, even after loss of cell culturability, which was increased to 100% by the incorporation of mercaptoethanol as an example radioprotectant, beyond an accumulated dose of >1.3 MGy. Using this co-crystallization approach (without mercaptoethanol) (137)Cs(+) and (85)Sr(2+) were removed from a simulated waste selectively against a 33-fold excess of Na(+).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Paterson-Beedle
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kaouk JH, Autorino R, Kim FJ, Han DH, Lee SW, Yinghao S, Cadeddu JA, Derweesh IH, Richstone L, Cindolo L, Branco A, Greco F, Allaf M, Sotelo R, Liatsikos E, Stolzenburg JU, Rane A, White WM, Han WK, Haber GP, White MA, Molina WR, Jeong BC, Lee JY, Linhui W, Best S, Stroup SP, Rais-Bahrami S, Schips L, Fornara P, Pierorazio P, Giedelman C, Lee JW, Stein RJ, Rha KH. Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery in urology: worldwide multi-institutional analysis of 1076 cases. Int Braz J Urol 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-55382011000500017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- JH Kaouk
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - R Autorino
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - FJ Kim
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - DH Han
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - SW Lee
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - S Yinghao
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - JA Cadeddu
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | | | | | - L Cindolo
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - A Branco
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - F Greco
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - M Allaf
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - R Sotelo
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | | | | | - A Rane
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - WM White
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - WK Han
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - GP Haber
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - MA White
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - WR Molina
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - BC Jeong
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - JY Lee
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - W Linhui
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - S Best
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - SP Stroup
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | | | - L Schips
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - P Fornara
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | | | | | - JW Lee
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - RJ Stein
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| | - KH Rha
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim IS, Jeong BC, Kim OS, Kim YJ, Lee SE, Lee KN, Koh JT, Chung HJ. Lactone form 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) stimulate the osteoblastic differentiation of mouse periodontal ligament cells via the ERK pathway. J Periodontal Res 2010; 46:204-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
7
|
Song JS, Jang SJ, Lee JJ, Lee JH, Bae IK, Jeong BC, Cha SS, Lee JH, Hong SK, Lee SH. Association of the bla(CMY-10) gene with a novel complex class 1 integron carrying an ISCR1 element in clinical isolates from Korea. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 16:1013-7. [PMID: 19681956 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.03002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The bla(CMY-10) gene responsible for β-lactam resistance was located on a new complex class 1 integron within a conjugative plasmid. The sul1-type class 1 integron, containing an aadA2a gene cassette, was identified upstream of bla(CMY-10). A unique gene array (yqgF-yqgE-gshB-orf97--orf105) was identified downstream of bla(CMY-10.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Drug Resistance Proteomics Laboratory, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee HS, Kim YJ, Bae SS, Jeon JH, Lim JK, Jeong BC, Kang SG, Lee JH. Cloning, expression, and characterization of a methionyl aminopeptidase from a hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus sp. NA1. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2006; 8:425-32. [PMID: 16761197 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-005-6124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 01/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Genomic analysis of a hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus sp. NA1 revealed the presence of an 885-bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 295 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 32,981 Da. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence showed that amino acid residues important for catalytic activity and the metal binding ligands conserved in all of methionyl aminopeptidases (MetAP) were also conserved and belonged to type IIa MetAP. The protein, designated TNA1_MetAP (Thermococcus sp. NA1 MetAP), was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme was a Mn(2+)-, Ni(2+)-, Fe(2+)-, or Co(2+)-dependent metallopeptidase. Optimal MetAP activity against L: -methionine p-nitroanilide (Met-pNA) (K (m) = 0.68 mM) occurred at pH 7.0 and 80 to 90 degrees C. The MetAP was very unstable compared to Pyrococcus furiosus MetAP, which was completely inactivated by heating at 80 degrees C for 5 min. It seemed likely that the cysteine residue (Cys53) played a critical role in regulating the thermostability of TNA1_MetAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Lee
- Korean Ocean Research & Development Institute, Ansan, P.O. Box 29, Seoul, 425-600, Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jeong SH, Bae IK, Kwon SB, Lee JH, Jung HI, Song JS, Jeong BC, Kim SJ, Lee SH. Investigation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases produced by clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in Korea. Lett Appl Microbiol 2004; 39:41-7. [PMID: 15189286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2004.01537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Isolates obtained from various regions in Korea in 2002 were identified and their susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, monobactams and/or cephamycins was studied along with any production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). METHODS AND RESULTS Bacteria identified by the conventional techniques and Vitek GNI card were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Using disk diffusion and double-disk synergy tests, we found that 39.2% of strains produced ESBLs. About 52% of isolates transferred resistance to ceftazidime by conjugation. Banding patterns of PCR amplification with the designed primers showed that 837- and 259-bp fragments specific to bla(TEM) genes were amplified in 63.3% of strains. 929- and 231-bp fragments (bla(SHV)), 847- and 520-bp fragments (bla(CMY)), 597- and 858-bp fragments (bla(CTX-M)) were amplified in 61.5, 17.3 and 7.7% of strains respectively. About 51.9% of strains contained more than two types of beta-lactamase genes. Especially, one strain contained bla(TEM), bla(CMY) and bla(CTX-M) genes. SIGNIFICANCE Resistance mechanisms to beta-lactams, comprising mostly ESBL production, lead to the resistance against even recently developed beta-lactams in enterobacteria, which is now a serious threat to antibiotic therapy. The high prevalence of bla(CMY) genes and multidrug-resistant genes may also make therapeutic failure and lack of eradiation of these strains by extended-spectrum cephalosporins or cephamycins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Jeong
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Pusan, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kwak C, Jeong BC, Lee JH, Kim HK, Kim EC, Kim HH. Molecular identification of Oxalobacter formigenes with the polymerase chain reaction in fresh or frozen fecal samples. BJU Int 2001; 88:627-32. [PMID: 11678762 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-4096.2001.02395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a simple and rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for detecting Oxalobacter formigenes (which degrades oxalate in the gut) in fecal specimens from healthy volunteers and patients with urolithiasis, and to determine whether O. formigenes can be detected in frozen or fresh fecal samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole bacterial DNA was isolated directly from fresh and frozen fecal samples obtained from 30 healthy volunteers free from urolithiasis and from fresh fecal samples obtained from 38 patients with urolithiasis. Genus-specific oligonucleotide sequences were designed, corresponding to homologous regions residing in the oxc gene that encodes for oxalyl-coenzyme A decarboxylase. A PCR-based assay was used on both fresh and frozen fecal samples, and the nucleotide sequences analysed to confirm oxc. RESULTS A PCR product of 416 bp encoding the oxc gene was detected in 23 (77%) of 30 healthy volunteers free from urolithiasis and in 14 (37%) of 38 patients with urolithiasis. In healthy volunteers, the results of PCR for the fresh and the frozen samples were identical in each subject. The nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the sequence of the amplified product was compatible with that of oxc. CONCLUSION O. formigenes can be identified easily and efficiently using this PCR-based detection system. The colonization rate of O. formigenes in patients with urolithiasis was significantly lower than that in healthy volunteers known to be free from urolithiasis. Furthermore, as the PCR-based assay results in the frozen fecal samples were identical to those from fresh samples in each subject, immediate processing of fecal samples may not be necessary to detect O. formigenes in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jeong BC, Poole PS, Willis AC, Macaskie LE. Purification and characterization of acid-type phosphatases from a heavy-metal-accumulating Citrobacter sp. Arch Microbiol 1998; 169:166-73. [PMID: 9446688 DOI: 10.1007/s002030050556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An acid phosphatase from a heavy-metal-accumulating strain of a Citrobacter sp. was resolved into two forms on the basis of their nonbinding (phosphatase I) or binding (phosphatase II) behaviour on the cation-exchange resin SP-Sephadex C50. Both holoenzymes had a molecular mass of 103-108 kDa as determined by Superose Q-6 column chromatography in the presence of 150 mM KCl and a subunit molecular mass of 27 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE; the enzyme was tetrameric. Both enzymes had a pI approximately 9.0 and were immunologically cross-reactive. There were minor differences in amino acid composition and in peptide maps following tryptic digest. The pH optimum for phosphatases I and II was 5.5 and 6.25, respectively; phosphatase II alone retained activity at pH values up to 9.0. Phosphatase I was more resistant to mechanical shear, gamma-irradiation, high temperature, and toxins (F- and formaldehyde). Glycerol increased the thermostability of both enzymes, particularly the more thermosensitive phosphatase II. Phosphatase II had a lower Km and a lower Vmax for glycerol 2-phosphate hydrolysis. The production of enzyme isoforms is a phenomenon similar to that described previously for the alkaline phosphatase of Escherichia coli, where the isoforms relate to precursive and final processed forms of the enzyme. Acid phosphatase is physiologically distinct, with a role that is still obscure but that may relate to cellular stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B C Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Myong Ji University, 38-2 San, Nam-ri, Yongin-eup, Yongin-gun, Kyunggi-do, 449-728, South Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Macaskie LE, Jeong BC, Tolley MR. Enzymically accelerated biomineralization of heavy metals: application to the removal of americium and plutonium from aqueous flows. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1994; 14:351-67. [PMID: 7917422 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A biological process for the removal of heavy metals from the aqueous flows is described. Metals are precipitated on the surface of immobilized cells of a Citrobacter sp. as cell-bound metal phosphates. This uses phosphate liberated by the activity of a cell-bound phosphatase. Some radionuclides (e.g. 241americium) form metal phosphates readily; efficient removal of 241Am on a continuous basis is demonstrated. At low phosphatase activities, the efficiency of uranium removal correlates with enzyme activity. High phosphatase activities are not realised as an increase in metal removal, suggesting that chemical events become rate-limiting. Studies have suggested that maximal metal uptake occurs only after nucleation and the formation of precipitation foci. A model is presented to illustrate how nucleation and crystallization processes could enhance the removal of plutonium and neptunium from dilute solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L E Macaskie
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|