1
|
Chalupský J, Vozda V, Hering J, Kybic J, Burian T, Dziarzhytski S, Frantálová K, Hájková V, Jelínek Š, Juha L, Keitel B, Kuglerová Z, Kuhlmann M, Petryshak B, Ruiz-Lopez M, Vyšín L, Wodzinski T, Plönjes E. Deep learning for laser beam imprinting. Opt Express 2023; 31:19703-19721. [PMID: 37381380 DOI: 10.1364/oe.481776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Methods of ablation imprints in solid targets are widely used to characterize focused X-ray laser beams due to a remarkable dynamic range and resolving power. A detailed description of intense beam profiles is especially important in high-energy-density physics aiming at nonlinear phenomena. Complex interaction experiments require an enormous number of imprints to be created under all desired conditions making the analysis demanding and requiring a huge amount of human work. Here, for the first time, we present ablation imprinting methods assisted by deep learning approaches. Employing a multi-layer convolutional neural network (U-Net) trained on thousands of manually annotated ablation imprints in poly(methyl methacrylate), we characterize a focused beam of beamline FL24/FLASH2 at the Free-electron laser in Hamburg. The performance of the neural network is subject to a thorough benchmark test and comparison with experienced human analysts. Methods presented in this Paper pave the way towards a virtual analyst automatically processing experimental data from start to end.
Collapse
|
2
|
Correa J, Mehrjoo M, Battistelli R, Lehmkühler F, Marras A, Wunderer CB, Hirono T, Felk V, Krivan F, Lange S, Shevyakov I, Vardanyan V, Zimmer M, Hoesch M, Bagschik K, Guerrini N, Marsh B, Sedgwick I, Cautero G, Stebel L, Giuressi D, Menk RH, Greer A, Nicholls T, Nichols W, Pedersen U, Shikhaliev P, Tartoni N, Hyun HJ, Kim SH, Park SY, Kim KS, Orsini F, Iguaz FJ, Büttner F, Pfau B, Plönjes E, Kharitonov K, Ruiz-Lopez M, Pan R, Gang S, Keitel B, Graafsma H. The PERCIVAL detector: first user experiments. J Synchrotron Radiat 2023; 30:242-250. [PMID: 36601943 PMCID: PMC9814071 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522010347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The PERCIVAL detector is a CMOS imager designed for the soft X-ray regime at photon sources. Although still in its final development phase, it has recently seen its first user experiments: ptychography at a free-electron laser, holographic imaging at a storage ring and preliminary tests on X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. The detector performed remarkably well in terms of spatial resolution achievable in the sample plane, owing to its small pixel size, large active area and very large dynamic range; but also in terms of its frame rate, which is significantly faster than traditional CCDs. In particular, it is the combination of these features which makes PERCIVAL an attractive option for soft X-ray science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Correa
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Mehrjoo
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Battistelli
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin HZB, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - F. Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging CUI, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Marras
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. B. Wunderer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. Hirono
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - V. Felk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Krivan
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Lange
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - I. Shevyakov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - V. Vardanyan
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Zimmer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Hoesch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K. Bagschik
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - N. Guerrini
- Science and Technology Faculties STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory RAL, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - B. Marsh
- Science and Technology Faculties STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory RAL, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - I. Sedgwick
- Science and Technology Faculties STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory RAL, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - G. Cautero
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - L. Stebel
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - R. H. Menk
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5A2
| | - A. Greer
- Observatory Sciences Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - T. Nicholls
- Science and Technology Faculties STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory RAL, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - W. Nichols
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - U. Pedersen
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | | | - N. Tartoni
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - H. J. Hyun
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory PAL, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - S. H. Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory PAL, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - S. Y. Park
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory PAL, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - K. S. Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory PAL, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - F. Orsini
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint Aubin, France
| | | | - F. Büttner
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin HZB, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - B. Pfau
- Max-Born-Institute MBI, Max-Born-Straße 2A, Berlin, Germany
| | - E. Plönjes
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K. Kharitonov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Ruiz-Lopez
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Pan
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Gang
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B. Keitel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H. Graafsma
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kozhevnikov IV, Filatova EO, Sokolov AA, Konashuk AS, Siewert F, Störmer M, Gaudin J, Keitel B, Samoylova L, Sinn H. Comparative study of the X-ray reflectivity and in-depth profile of a-C, B₄C and Ni coatings at 0.1-2 keV. J Synchrotron Radiat 2015; 22:348-353. [PMID: 25723936 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of soft X-rays near the carbon edge of absorption (270-300 eV) greatly enhances studies in various branches of science. However, the choice of reflecting coatings for mirrors operating in free-electron and X-ray free-electron laser (FEL and XFEL) beamlines in this spectral range is not so evident and experimental justifications of the mirror efficiency are rather limited. In the present paper it is demonstrated experimentally that the reflectivity of B4C- and Ni-coated grazing-incidence mirrors is high enough for their operation in FEL or XFEL beamlines near the carbon K-edge of absorption. The minimal reflectivity of both mirrors proves to exceed 80% near the carbon absorption edge at a grazing angle of 0.6°. An in-depth profile of the chemical elements composing the reflecting coatings is reconstructed based on analysis of a set of reflectivity curves measured versus the grazing angle at different photon energies in the soft X-ray spectral region. This allows us to predict correctly the mirror reflectivity at any X-ray energy and any grazing angle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I V Kozhevnikov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 59, Moscow 119333, Russian Federation
| | - E O Filatova
- St Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya 3, Peterhof, St Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation
| | - A A Sokolov
- St Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya 3, Peterhof, St Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation
| | - A S Konashuk
- St Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya 3, Peterhof, St Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation
| | - F Siewert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert Einstein Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Störmer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Materials Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - J Gaudin
- Université Bordeaux 1, CEA, CNRS, CELIA, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - B Keitel
- DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Samoylova
- European XFEL GmbH, Albert Einstein Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Sinn
- European XFEL GmbH, Albert Einstein Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rudenko A, Foucar L, Kurka M, Ergler T, Kühnel KU, Jiang YH, Voitkiv A, Najjari B, Kheifets A, Lüdemann S, Havermeier T, Smolarski M, Schössler S, Cole K, Schöffler M, Dörner R, Düsterer S, Li W, Keitel B, Treusch R, Gensch M, Schröter CD, Moshammer R, Ullrich J. Recoil-ion momentum distributions for two-photon double ionization of He and Ne by 44 eV free-electron laser radiation. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:073003. [PMID: 18764529 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.073003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recoil-ion momentum distributions for two-photon double ionization of He and Ne (variant Planck's over omega=44 eV) have been recorded with a reaction microscope at FLASH (the free-electron laser at Hamburg) at an intensity of approximately 1 x 10(14) W/cm2 exploring the dynamics of the two fundamental two-photon-two-electron reaction pathways, namely, sequential and direct (or nonsequential) absorption of the photons. We find strong differences in the recoil-ion momentum patterns for the two mechanisms pointing to the significantly different two-electron emission dynamics and thus provide serious constraints for theoretical models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rudenko
- Max-Planck Advanced Study Group at CFEL, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|