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Rowan B, Narus S, Smith M, Hastings T, Poynton M, Nebeker J, Hales J, Evans RS, Olola CHO. Implementation of an Emergency Medical Card and a Continuity of Care. Methods Inf Med 2018; 48:519-30. [DOI: 10.3414/me09-01-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Objectives: To describe the design and implementation procedures for an emergency medical card (EMC) and a continuity of care (CoC) report using the continuity of care record (CCR) standard. We also describe studies to evaluate the effectiveness of these documents in Co C.
Methods: We convened weekly planning, design, development, implementation, and evaluation meetings, involving 25 outpatient clinics at Intermountain Healthcare. The CCR standard schema and documentation from American Society for Testing and Materials were used to develop the data model. An outside consultant provided further advice on committee-approved designs. We then developed a functional design document for the CCR application implementation. Healthcare professionals (medical doctors and physician assistants) and fourth-year medical students will simulate the will simulate the EMC and CoC report use and assess their usefulness in Co C. The reviewers will review three randomly selected patient cases, using patient information in the electronic medical record, EMC and CoC report. A structured questionnaire with Likert scale will assess the reviewers’ perceptions of the documents’ usefulness in medical decision making. Other studies will compare patient- and HCP-entered data to evaluate the effect of patient-entered data on the quality of HCP-entered data and assess user-satisfaction with the documents’ usefulness in Co C.
Results: An automated CCR application compliant with the CCR standard was developed and integrated in an already implemented patient portal at the Intermountain Healthcare clinics. Patients use the application to view, add, modify their information and use the data plus EMR data to create EMC and CoC report.
Conclusions: The CCR standard can be used to implement an application to enable patients to not only view but add or modify personal health records, and create, print and share paper EMC and CoC report with HCPs. The documents can be created using HCP-maintained EMR data, in addition to patient-entered data as is currently the norm.
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Bradbury AR, Patrick-Miller L, Egleston B, Schwartz L, Tuchman L, Moore C, Rauch P, Sands C, Shorter R, Rowan B, Malhotra S, van Decker S, Schmidheiser H, Sicilia P, Bealin L, Daly M. Abstract P6-08-01: Perceptions of breast cancer risk, psychological adjustment and behaviors in adolescent girls at high-risk and population-risk for breast cancer. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p6-08-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Preliminary evidence suggests that many girls from breast cancer (BC) families are aware of their increased risk for BC. How this awareness impacts their psychosocial adjustment and health behaviors remains unknown.
METHODS: 11–19 YO girls at high-risk (HR) or population-risk (PR) for BC completed self-administered quantitative surveys informed by the Self-Regulation Theory of Health Behavior. Girls with a first or second-degree relative with BC were classified as HR. For hypothesis testing, we used simple linear and logistic regressions. To account for correlation of responses within families, we used robust (cluster-corrected) standard errors or Generalized Estimating Equations.
RESULTS: 47 PR and 89 HR girls have completed surveys. Age did not differ between groups (Mage = 15.6; SD=2.4). 30% of HR girls have a mother with BC. 67% of HR girls vs. 30% of PR girls reported self-perceived risk for adult BC to be “higher than other girls my age,” (p = <0.01, Table 1).
Perceived risk was associated with an increasing number of first and second-degree relatives with BC (p = 0.002) and older age (p = 0.01). There was no evidence that the relationship between perceived risk and age was moderated by risk status (p = 0.740 for interaction terms). The majority of both HR and PR girls reported that there are things women and girls their age can do to prevent BC. (table 1) Perceived controllability of BC did not differ significantly by age or risk status. HR girls reported higher general anxiety (p = 0.07), but not depression than PR girls. HR girls more frequently reported tobacco use than PR girls (p = 0.05). HR girls also reported greater alcohol use, more frequent performance of self-breast exams and less frequent physical activity than PR girls, although these differences were not significant.
CONCLUSION: Girls from BC families are more likely to perceive themselves to be at increased risk for BC, to experience more general anxiety, and to have engaged more frequently in risk behaviors, particularly tobacco use. The majority of girls perceive BC to be preventable both for women in general and for themselves, suggesting a potential “teachable moment” among adolescents that might be sustainable across the lifespan. Further research evaluating knowledge and perceptions of breast cancer risk throughout adolescent development and differences among subgroups could inform strategies to optimize adolescent psychosocial responses to hereditary cancer risk and promote preventive health behaviors among both HR and PR girls.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-08-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- AR Bradbury
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Chicago, IL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - L Patrick-Miller
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Chicago, IL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - B Egleston
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Chicago, IL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - L Schwartz
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Chicago, IL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - L Tuchman
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Chicago, IL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - C Moore
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Chicago, IL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - P Rauch
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Chicago, IL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - C Sands
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Chicago, IL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - R Shorter
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Chicago, IL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - B Rowan
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Chicago, IL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - S Malhotra
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Chicago, IL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - S van Decker
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Chicago, IL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - H Schmidheiser
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Chicago, IL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - P Sicilia
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Chicago, IL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - L Bealin
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Chicago, IL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - M Daly
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Chicago, IL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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Anbalagan M, Carrier L, Hangauer D, Hangauer D, Rowan B. KX-01, a Novel Src Kinase Inhibitor Directed towards the Peptide Substrate Site, Induces Robust Apoptosis and Synergizes with Tamoxifen and Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-6104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
New therapeutic regimens that increase efficacy or reduce onset of resistance for endocrine therapy and chemotherapy are needed for better clinical management of breast cancer. c-Src is an oncogenic non-receptor tyrosine kinase that is up-regulated in approximately half of all breast cancer. However the efficacy of existing multi-kinase src inhibitors in breast cancer has been limited. KX-01 (Kinex Pharmaceuticals) is a novel class of non-ATP src inhibitor that targets the peptide binding site of src and is currently completing Phase-1 testing for solid tumors. In a panel of breast cancer cell lines, KX-01 resulted in dose dependent inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis that was independent of p53 status, and was preceded by rapid inhibition of src activity. KX-01 induced apoptosis in two cell lines reported to be resistant to multi-kinase src inhibitors, MDA-MB-468 cells and BT-549. Cell cycle analysis revealed that KX-01 (50 nM, 6 hours) resulted in significant accumulation of MDA-MB-231 cells (ERα/PR/HER2/neu negative) and MCF-7 cells (ERα positive) in G2/M phase. Immunofluorescent staining for mitotic phase marker phospho-histone 3 indicated that cells had arrested in mitotic phase and many of the mitotic arrested cells were undergoing apoptosis (TUNEL), a novel cell death for a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor. KX-01 induced nuclear accumulation of cyclin B1, and activation of CDK1, MPM2 and Cdc25C that is required for progression past the G2/M checkpoint. KX-01 resulted in cytochrome C release and activation of caspases 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9. A matrix design using the median-effect principle to delineate the interaction between two drugs was applied for KX-01 alone and in combination tamoxifen (TAM), paclitaxel (PAC) or doxorubicin (DOX). Combinations of KX-01 (5-75 nM) with each of these agents resulted in synergistic growth inhibition of MCF-7 cells (KX-01 + TAM) and MDA-MB-231 cells (KX-01 + DOX or PAC). In addition, synergistic induction of apoptosis was achieved by combining low doses of KX-01 with DOX, PAC or TAM. c-Src induces phosphorylation of ERα at serines 118 and 167, sites required for full receptor activity. KX-01 combined with TAM resulted in decreased phosphorylation at serine 167 that was associated with reduced transcriptional activity of ERα. In tumor xenograft models, KX-01 resulted in a dose dependent inhibition of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 tumor growth after 30 days (1, 2.5 or 5 mg/kg body weight, twice daily by oral gavage). In MDA-MB-231 xenografts, KX-01 reduced metastasis to bone (femur) and lung as measured by PCR for detection of human chromosome 17.These data define KX-01 as a potently active src kinase inhibitor that induces robust cell death, tumor growth inhibition and anti-metastatic effects. Combinations of KX-01 with endocrine therapy and chemotherapy present a promising new strategy for clinical management of breast cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6104.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Carrier
- 1Tulane University School of Medicine, LA,
| | | | - D. Hangauer
- 3State University of New York at Buffalo, NY,
| | - B. Rowan
- 1Tulane University School of Medicine, LA,
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Marsden C, Marsden C, Wright M, Wright M, Carrier L, Carrier L, Pochampally R, Pochampally R, Pochampally R, Rowan B, Rowan B. Isolation of Tumor Initiating Cells with Metastatic Potential from Human Primary Invasive Ductal Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Disseminated breast cancer cells may be present at distant sites at the time of primary diagnosis of breast cancer in patients that exhibit no outward signs of clinical metastasis. It is hypothesized that early breast cancer metastasis is initiated by a small population of breast tumor initiating cells (bTICs) within the primary tumor that are inherently resistant to chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. To better understand the biological pathways that permit bTICs to metastasize and to evade current breast cancer therapies, bTICs have been isolated from breast cancer biopsies from patients diagnosed with primary invasive ductal carcinoma. Breast cancer needle biopsies from primary tumors were obtained during the routine care of patients with consent and IRB approval. Core biopsies were mechanically and enzymatically dissociated, yielding a single cell suspension which was subsequently cultured under non-adherent and serum-free conditions to obtain tumorspheres. Injection of about 500 bTICs into the mammary fat pad of female nude mice resulted in tumor formation at the site of injection within two months that was maintained as a small palpable mass for at least six months. H+E staining of sections of the primary tumors revealed complex cellular organization and both microvascular and macrovascular structures. Serial transplantation of the primary tumors from the 6/7 samples resulted in tumor formation at the site of injection. Upon primary tumor formation in the mammary fat pad, metastatic human breast cancer cells were detected within the lungs, liver, brain and bone marrow (femur) from 5/7 tumors after six months. Metastatic cells were detected by PCR for an alpha-satellite sequence in the centromeric region in human Chromosome 17, and by in situ hybridization using an human specific Alu DNA oligonucleotide probe. Metastatic bTICs were mostly detected as single cells or small clustering of cells present throughout the metastatic organ. These data demonstrate that cells with the phenotype of “tumor initiating cells” can be isolated from primary biopsies of human invasive ductal carcinoma and cultured in vitro. Unlike direct heterotransplant tissues from primary tumor biopsies, the majority of bTICs samples form tumors when injected into immunodeficient mice and further exhibit a highly metastatic phenotype.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 504.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Marsden
- 1Tulane University Health Science Center, LA,
| | - C. Marsden
- 4Tulane University Health Science Center, LA,
| | - M. Wright
- 2Tulane University Health Science Center, LA,
| | - M. Wright
- 4Tulane University Health Science Center, LA,
| | - L. Carrier
- 1Tulane University Health Science Center, LA,
| | - L. Carrier
- 4Tulane University Health Science Center, LA,
| | | | | | | | - B. Rowan
- 1Tulane University Health Science Center, LA,
| | - B. Rowan
- 4Tulane University Health Science Center, LA,
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