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Weidacker K, Kärgel C, Massau C, Krueger THC, Walter M, Ponseti J, Walter H, Schiffer B. Interference inhibition in offending and non-offending pedophiles: A preliminary event-related fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 2022; 173:108301. [PMID: 35697089 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ability to inhibit behavior is thought to be an import skill for avoiding criminal conduct, especially when combined with personal predispositions or criminogenic needs such as a pedophilic preference disorder. While previous research emphasized the relationship between impulsivity and child sexual offending, not pedophilia per se, studies on the underlying neurobiological mechanisms in subdomains of impulsivity remained scarce. Here, we focused on interference inhibition and examined event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of three groups of men performing a color-word Stroop task: (1) pedophiles with a history of CSO (P+CSO, n = 11), (2) pedophiles without a history of CSO (P-CSO, n = 8) and (3) non-pedophilic, non-offending healthy controls (HC, n = 10). On the behavioral level, P+CSO revealed increased Stroop interference as compared to P-CSO and HC. Moreover, increased Stroop interference in P+CSO was accompanied by enhanced conflict-related activity in left superior parietal cortex and precentral gyrus as compared to P-CSO. Albeit behavioral analyses of error and post-error processing revealed no significant between-group differences, P-CSO showed increased post-error-related activity in left posterior cingulate, precuneus and middle temporal gyrus as compared to P+CSO. Our preliminary data highlight inhibition deficits in offending as compared to non-offending pedophiles or healthy men and suggest that functional alterations in attention reallocation and impulse suppression/control may moderate the risk for committing CSO in men suffering from pedophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Weidacker
- School of Psychology, University of Swansea, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom; Division of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1-3; 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Kärgel
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1-3; 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Massau
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1-3; 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - T H C Krueger
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - M Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - J Ponseti
- Institute of Sexual and Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Kiel, Germany
| | - H Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - B Schiffer
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1-3; 44791 Bochum, Germany.
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Unterhorst K, Gerwinn H, Pohl A, Kärgel C, Massau C, Ristow I, Kneer J, Amelung T, Walter H, Beier K, Walter M, Schiffer B, Kruger THC, Stirn A, Ponseti J. An Exploratory Study on the Central Nervous Correlates of Sexual Excitation and Sexual Inhibition. J Sex Res 2020; 57:397-408. [PMID: 30489159 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2018.1539462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales (SIS/SES) measure sexual excitation and sexual inhibition proneness. We used SIS and SES scores of 62 heterosexual teleiophilic men (Mage 34.3, SD = 9.9) to predict brain activation levels during the presentation of male and female visual sexual stimuli in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Statistical analyses revealed significant correlations. SES and SIS1 scores were positively associated with brain activation in various brain regions during the presentation of both male and female stimuli. SIS2 turned out to be a weaker predictor of brain activation, still revealing one significant correlation in the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Significant regions for SES and SIS1 were, among others, primary and supplementary motor areas, the caudate nucleus, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, and prefrontal areas. Our study can be seen as an exploratory investigation of SIS and SES with means of functional brain imaging. The results provide a promising contribution to the assertion of neurophysiological systems of sexual inhibition and excitation proneness.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Unterhorst
- Institute for Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Integrative Psychiatry
| | - H Gerwinn
- Institute for Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Integrative Psychiatry
| | - A Pohl
- Institute for Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Integrative Psychiatry
| | - C Kärgel
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital Bochum
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen
| | - C Massau
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital Bochum
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen
| | - I Ristow
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology
| | - J Kneer
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School
| | - T Amelung
- Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - H Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - K Beier
- Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - M Walter
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology
- Department of Psychiatry, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen
| | - B Schiffer
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital Bochum
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen
| | - T H C Kruger
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School
| | - A Stirn
- Institute for Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Integrative Psychiatry
| | - J Ponseti
- Institute for Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Integrative Psychiatry
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Weidacker K, Kärgel C, Massau C, Weiß S, Kneer J, Krueger THC, Schiffer B. Approach and Avoidance Tendencies Toward Picture Stimuli of (Pre-)Pubescent Children and Adults: An Investigation in Pedophilic and Nonpedophilic Samples. Sex Abuse 2018; 30:781-802. [PMID: 29188755 DOI: 10.1177/1079063217697134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pedophilic sexual interests is considered of high importance for predicting recidivism among individuals who have committed sexual offenses. However, objective and valid assessment methods that are robust against confounding issues such as cognitive capacity and manipulation are sparse. We applied the Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) for detecting sexual interests in 38 pedophilic men (18 primarily attracted to boys) and 27 male nonpedophilic (11 gay) participants. The AAT relies on automatic approach and avoidance tendencies, independent of cognitive abilities such as memory capacity and intelligence. Approach-avoidance tendencies toward stimuli depicting seminude prepubescent boys and girls as well as men and women are reported. The results were consistent with previous research on the utility of the AAT: Except for pedophiles attracted to girls, the mean AAT scores (approach minus avoidance reaction time for each stimulus category) were positive only for stimuli of the preferred category. A multivariate binary logistic regression approach revealed 80% overall accuracy in differentiating pedophilic from nonpedophilic participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Weidacker
- 1 Swansea University, Wales, UK
- 2 University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - C Kärgel
- 2 University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
- 3 Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - C Massau
- 2 University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
- 3 Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - S Weiß
- 2 University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - J Kneer
- 4 Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | - B Schiffer
- 2 University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
- 3 Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
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Kneer J, Engel J, Veit M, Ponseti J, Walter M, Beier K, Walter H, Schiffer B, Schiltz K, Krueger T. 201 Neural mechanisms underlying pedophilia and sexual offending against children - first results of a multicenter study. J Sex Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.04.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kunath J, Granert O, Pohl A, Gerwinn H, Stirn A, Beier K, Walter H, Walter M, Schiffer B, Krüger T, Ponseti J. 204 The “functional magnetic resonance imaging” (fMRI) as a meaningful tool for the differentiation of sexual preferences. J Sex Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.04.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Querengässer J, Bezzel A, Hoffmann K, Mache W, Schiffer B. [Healthcare research in forensic commitment or poking around in the dark : Consensus paper on the necessity for more uniform and better data]. Nervenarzt 2017; 88:1292-1297. [PMID: 29063263 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-017-0432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Complex trends in occupancy determined by many influencing factors, clear state-specific differences in imprisonment practices as well as recently implemented statutory alterations to the appropriate paragraphs in criminal law, underline the necessity for qualitative high-grade concomitant research of German forensic commitment; however, neither the structural prerequisites nor an adequate data situation are currently present in order to do justification to this aim. Not even the total number of patients currently accommodated in forensic commitment can be elucidated from the publicized (partial) statistics. This consensus paper, which was formulated by three research institutes active at the state level, describes the limited possibilities for current forensic healthcare research and raises the demand for a nationwide uniform data situation on patients in forensic commitment. Furthermore, how the appropriate elicitation instrument should be organizationally and structurally achieved, is sketched from a scientific perspective. This article aims at initiating a discussion on a sustainable improvement in the prerequisites for healthcare research in German forensic commitment and targets a sensitization of decision makers in politics and administration for this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Querengässer
- LWL-Maßregelvollzugsklinik Herne, Akademie für forensische Psychiatrie (AFoPs), Wilhelmstr. 120, 44649, Herne, Deutschland
| | - A Bezzel
- Fachklinik für Forensische Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, Institut für Qualitätsmanagement des Maßregelvollzugs in Bayern, Universitätsstraße 84, 94053, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - K Hoffmann
- Klinik für Forensische Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, ZfP Reichenau, AG Prozessoptimierung im MRV Baden-Württemberg, Feursteinstr. 55, 78479, Reichenau, Deutschland
| | - W Mache
- Fachklinik für Forensische Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, Institut für Qualitätsmanagement des Maßregelvollzugs in Bayern, Universitätsstraße 84, 94053, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - B Schiffer
- LWL-Maßregelvollzugsklinik Herne, Akademie für forensische Psychiatrie (AFoPs), Wilhelmstr. 120, 44649, Herne, Deutschland.
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Schiffer B, Amelung T, Pohl A, Kaergel C, Tenbergen G, Gerwinn H, Mohnke S, Massau C, Matthias W, Weiß S, Marr V, Beier KM, Walter M, Ponseti J, Krüger THC, Schiltz K, Walter H. Gray matter anomalies in pedophiles with and without a history of child sexual offending. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1129. [PMID: 28509903 PMCID: PMC5534964 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pedophilia is a psychiatric disorder that is inter-related with but distinct from child sexual offending (CSO). Neural alterations reportedly contribute to both pedophilia and CSO, but until now, no study has distinguished the brain structural anomalies associated with pedophilia from those specifically associated with CSO in pedophilic men. Using high-resolution T1-weighted brain images and voxel-based morphometry, we analyzed the gray matter (GM) volume of the following 219 men recruited at four acquisition sites in Germany: 58 pedophiles with a history of CSO, 60 pedophiles without any history of CSO and 101 non-pedophilic, non-offending controls to control for the effects of age, education level, verbal IQ, sexual orientation and the acquisition site. Although there were no differences in the relative GM volume of the brain specifically associated with pedophilia, statistical parametric maps revealed a highly significant and CSO-related pattern of above vs below the 'normal' GM volume in the right temporal pole, with non-offending pedophiles exhibiting larger volumes than offending pedophiles. Moreover, regression analysis revealed that the lower GM volume of the dorsomedial prefrontal or anterior cingulate cortex was associated with a higher risk of re-offending in pedophilic child molesters. We believe our data provide the first evidence that CSO in pedophilia rather than pedophilia alone is associated with GM anomalies and thus shed new light on the results of previous studies on this topic. These results indicate the need for new neurobehavioral theories on pedophilia and CSO and may be potentially useful for treatment or prevention approaches that aim to reduce the risk of (re)offending in pedophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schiffer
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - T Amelung
- Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Pohl
- Institute of Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Kaergel
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - G Tenbergen
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Gerwinn
- Institute of Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - S Mohnke
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Massau
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - W Matthias
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Weiß
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - V Marr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department for Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - K M Beier
- Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Walter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department for Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - J Ponseti
- Institute of Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - T H C Krüger
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Hannover, Germany
| | - K Schiltz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - H Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ristow I, Li S, Demenescu R, Colic L, Li M, Walter H, Beier K, Krüger T, Schiffer B, Ponseti J, Walter M. EP 80. Sexual processing of pedophilic patients and healthy controls and the role of its metabolic markers – A fMRI and MRS study. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.05.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ristow I, Li S, Demenescu L, Walter H, Beier K, Kruger T, Schiffer B, Ponseti J, Walter M. Abnormal amygdala functional connectivity during an fMRI expectancy task in pedophilia. Eur Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionPedophilia is a disorder where sexual preferences of adults are directed towards children. This disorder impacts society with 1–2 out of every 10 children being sexually approached by an adult, often resulting in prolonged negative psychological effects. Prior research reported structural and functional amygdala alterations in pedophilia. As the neurophenomenological model of sexual arousal suggests the importance of the amygdala in the emotional component, we focused on amygdala functional connectivity in pedophilia.AimsTo investigate amygdala functional connectivity (FC) modulated by expectancy and salient stimuli in pedophilic patients.MethodsThirteen pedophilic patients and 13 matched healthy controls underwent a salience expectancy task in a 7T ultra high fMRI study. Subjects perceived pictures of naked adults and children. Half of the pictures were preceded by an expectancy cue. Participants were instructed to actively expect the picture depending on the cue. We conducted psychophysiological analysis (PPI) to examine amygdala FC changes in two amygdala sub-regions for child/adult stimuli during the expectancy period and the visual stimuli consummation period using as seed regions the basolateral (BLA) and central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA).ResultsHealthy controls, relative to patients showed significant stronger left CeA to right post-central gyrus FC during expectancy of adult > child picture. For picture condition (adult > child picture) we found significant stronger left CeA to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex FC in patients compared to healthy controls.ConclusionThese findings add to the recent literature by indicating that amygdala dysfunctional connectivity is involved in development of deviant sexual behavior.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Schiffer B. P02-155 - Enhanced non-planning impulsivity in schizophrenia-addiction comorbidity is related to anterior cingulate and frontopolar gray matter volumes. Eur Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(10)70769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Kutscher S, Schiffer B, Seifert D. Schizophrene Patienten im psychiatrischen Maßregelvollzug (§ 63 StGB) Nordrhein-Westfalens. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2009; 77:91-6. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Krueger THC, Schiffer B, Eikermann M, Hartmann U, Schedlowski M. Continuous neurochemical measurement of cerebrospinal fluid during the human sexual response cycle. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-990413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
The difficulties of experts to judge and evaluate so-called affect crimes are due to theoretical and conceptual shortcomings on the one hand and problems of reproducibility on the other. This study describes an attempt to set up diagnostic guidelines for such cases. A vulnerability/stress model was developed which integrates features from different areas: predisposition (including social perception, thinking, and problem solving), triggering conditions (mainly derived from stress theories and concepts), and the established Sass criteria (1983). The characteristics of these respective diagnostic features were collected from a sample of 31 criminal responsibility examinations. Finally, implementing multivariate analysis, 13 criteria were established that could be useful in evaluating criminal responsibility with regard to consciousness disturbances in that they enable testimony based on the prognostic and discriminant validity of the individual criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schiffer
- Institut für Forensische Psychiatrie, Rheinische Kliniken Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstrasse, Essen.
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Eikermann M, Krüger THC, Schiffer B, Beiderlinden M, Forsting M, Schedlowski M. Importance of non-pharmacological mechanism of analgesia with spinal puncture. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2006; 50:389. [PMID: 16480478 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.00916.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Paul T, Schiffer B, Zwarg T, Krüger T, Karama S, Schedlowski M, Forsting M, Gizewski E. Untersuchung der Gehirnaktivierung durch visuelle sexuelle Stimulation in heterosexuellen und homosexuellen Männern mittels funktioneller Magnetresonanztomographie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-867619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Schiffer B, Daxenberger A, Meyer K, Meyer HH. The fate of trenbolone acetate and melengestrol acetate after application as growth promoters in cattle: environmental studies. Environ Health Perspect 2001; 109:1145-51. [PMID: 11713000 PMCID: PMC1240476 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.011091145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The steroids trenbolone acetate (TbA) and melengestrol acetate (MGA) are licensed as growth promoters for farm animals in several meat-exporting countries. Although many studies have explored their safety for both animals and consumers, little is known about their fate after excretion by the animal. Our study aimed to determine the residues and degradation of trenbolone and MGA in solid dung, liquid manure, and soil. In animal experiments lasting 8 weeks, cattle were treated with TbA and MGA. Solid dung and, in case of trenbolone, liquid manure were collected and spread on maize fields after 4.5 and 5.5 months of storage, respectively. Determination of the hormone residues in all samples included extraction, clean-up (solid-phase extraction), separation of metabolites and interfering substances by HPLC (RP-18), and quantification by sensitive enzyme immunoassay. Procedures were validated by mass spectrometry (MS) methods. During storage of liquid manure the level of trenbolone decreased from 1,700 to 1,100 pg/g (17alpha-isomer), corresponding to a half-life of 267 days. Before storage, the concentrations in the dung hill ranged from 5 to 75 ng/g TbOH and from 0.3 to 8 ng/g MGA. After storage, levels up to 10 ng/g trenbolone, and 6 ng/g MGA were detected. In the soil samples trenbolone was traceable up to 8 weeks after fertilization, and MGA was detected even until the end of the cultivation period. The results show that these substances should be investigated further concerning their potential endocrine-disrupting activity in agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schiffer
- Institute of Physiology, TU München-Weihenstephan, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
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Hessling JJ, Raso DS, Schiffer B, Callicott J, Husain M, Taylor D. Effectiveness of thin-layer preparations vs. conventional Pap smears in a blinded, split-sample study. Extended cytologic evaluation. J Reprod Med 2001; 46:880-6. [PMID: 11725731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To further evaluate the effectiveness of the AutoCyte PREP thin-layer slide preparation (TriPath Imaging, Inc., Burlington, North Carolina) as compared to conventional Pap smears. STUDY DESIGN A split-sample, blinded evaluation of matched thin-layer preparations and conventional smears from 2,438 patients was performed. This material was enriched by including 260 cases of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and cancer cases from an earlier study. Many of these cases were difficult to diagnose, containing very few abnormal cells on one or both matching slides. The preparations were evaluated multiple times by both thin-layer-inexperienced and -experienced cytology professionals to better compare performance related to preparation quality alone. RESULTS The initial evaluations of the slides by personnel with only brief training in thin-layer interpretation demonstrated equivalent performance for the two preparations. The reevaluation study by cytology professionals with several months of thin-layer experience demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in detection of both LSIL and HSIL lesions using AutoCyte PREP slides. There was also a statistically significant improvement in the number of satisfactory samples using the AutoCyte PREP method. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that the AutoCyte PREP thin-layer slide preparation is at least equivalent to conventional Pap smears in the detection of LSIL and HSIL, even when evaluated by cytology professionals who have been newly trained in the thin-layer method and that, with increased experience, the thin-layer AutoCyte PREP slide preparation method showed a statistically significant improvement in disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Hessling
- Laboratory Corporation of America, 2039 Willow Springs Drive, Burlington, NC 27215, USA
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Höhn T, Schiffer B. [Treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn by nitrogen monoxide inhalation]. Kinderkrankenschwester 1997; 16:422-4. [PMID: 9397790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Höhn
- Kinderkrankenschwester und Mentorin Universitäts-Kinderklinik, Freiburg
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