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Sinke C, Engel J, Veit M, Hartmann U, Hillemacher T, Kneer J, Kruger THC. Sexual cues alter working memory performance and brain processing in men with compulsive sexual behavior. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 27:102308. [PMID: 32599553 PMCID: PMC7327301 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pornography has been repeatedly at the centre of public attention and has been controversially discussed for a long time. However, little is known about the connection between pornographic stimuli and individual (neuronal) processing of attention and memory. Here, the impact and neural underpinnings of pornographic pictures on working memory processes in a sample of subjects with compulsive sexual behaviour was investigated. Therefore, whilst using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a letter n-back task with neutral or pornographic pictures in the background was employed in 38 patients and 31 healthy controls. On the behavioural level, patients were slowed down by pornographic material depending on their pornography consumption in the last week, which was reflected by a higher activation in the lingual gyrus. In addition, the lingual gyrus showed a higher functional connectivity to the insula during processing of pornographic stimuli in the patient group. In contrast, healthy subjects showed faster responses when confronted with pornographic pictures only with high cognitive load. Also, patients showed a better memory for pornographic pictures in a surprise recognition task compared to controls, speaking for a higher relevance of pornographic material in the patient group. These findings are in line with the incentive salience theory of addiction, especially the higher functional connectivity to the salience network with the insula as a key hub and the higher lingual activity during processing of pornographic pictures depending on recent pornography consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sinke
- Hannover Medical School, Division of Clinical Psychology & Sexual Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover, Germany.
| | - J Engel
- Hannover Medical School, Division of Clinical Psychology & Sexual Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Veit
- Hannover Medical School, Division of Clinical Psychology & Sexual Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover, Germany
| | - U Hartmann
- Hannover Medical School, Division of Clinical Psychology & Sexual Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover, Germany
| | - T Hillemacher
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Prof. Ernst-Nathan-Str. 1, 90419 Nürnberg, Germany; Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Kneer
- Hannover Medical School, Division of Clinical Psychology & Sexual Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover, Germany
| | - T H C Kruger
- Hannover Medical School, Division of Clinical Psychology & Sexual Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover, Germany
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Unterhorst K, Gerwinn H, Pohl A, Kärgel C, Massau C, Ristow I, Kneer J, Amelung T, Walter H, Beier K, Walter M, Schiffer B, Kruger THC, Stirn A, Ponseti J. An Exploratory Study on the Central Nervous Correlates of Sexual Excitation and Sexual Inhibition. J Sex Res 2020; 57:397-408. [PMID: 30489159 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2018.1539462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales (SIS/SES) measure sexual excitation and sexual inhibition proneness. We used SIS and SES scores of 62 heterosexual teleiophilic men (Mage 34.3, SD = 9.9) to predict brain activation levels during the presentation of male and female visual sexual stimuli in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Statistical analyses revealed significant correlations. SES and SIS1 scores were positively associated with brain activation in various brain regions during the presentation of both male and female stimuli. SIS2 turned out to be a weaker predictor of brain activation, still revealing one significant correlation in the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Significant regions for SES and SIS1 were, among others, primary and supplementary motor areas, the caudate nucleus, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, and prefrontal areas. Our study can be seen as an exploratory investigation of SIS and SES with means of functional brain imaging. The results provide a promising contribution to the assertion of neurophysiological systems of sexual inhibition and excitation proneness.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Unterhorst
- Institute for Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Integrative Psychiatry
| | - H Gerwinn
- Institute for Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Integrative Psychiatry
| | - A Pohl
- Institute for Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Integrative Psychiatry
| | - C Kärgel
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital Bochum
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen
| | - C Massau
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital Bochum
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen
| | - I Ristow
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology
| | - J Kneer
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School
| | - T Amelung
- Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - H Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - K Beier
- Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - M Walter
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology
- Department of Psychiatry, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen
| | - B Schiffer
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital Bochum
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen
| | - T H C Kruger
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School
| | - A Stirn
- Institute for Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Integrative Psychiatry
| | - J Ponseti
- Institute for Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Integrative Psychiatry
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Magid M, Finzi E, Kruger THC, Robertson HT, Keeling BH, Jung S, Reichenberg JS, Rosenthal NE, Wollmer MA. Treating depression with botulinum toxin: a pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacopsychiatry 2015; 48:205-10. [PMID: 26252721 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1559621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Botulinum toxin A (BTA) injection into the glabellar region is currently being studied as a treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Here we explore efficacy data of this novel approach in a pooled analysis. METHODS A literature search revealed 3 RCTs on this topic. Individual patient data and clinical end points shared by these 3 trials were pooled and analyzed as one study (n=134) using multiple regression models with random effects. RESULTS In the pooled sample, the BTA (n=59) and the placebo group (n=75) did not differ in the baseline variables. Efficacy outcomes revealed BTA superiority over placebo: Improvement in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale or Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale 6 weeks after baseline was 45.7% for BTA vs. 14.6% for placebo (p<0.0001), corresponding to a BTA response rate of 54.2% (vs. 10.7%) and a BTA remission rate of 30.5% (vs. 6.7%). DISCUSSION Equalling the status of a meta-analysis, this study increases evidence that a single treatment of BTA into the glabellar region can reduce symptoms of MDD. Further studies are needed to better understand how BTA exerts its mood-lifting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Magid
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA (MM)
| | - E Finzi
- Department of Psychiatry, George Washington School of Medicine, USA
| | - T H C Kruger
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hannover, Germany (THCK, SJ)
| | - H T Robertson
- Department of Analytics, Seton Family of Hospitals, Austin, TX, USA (HR)
| | - B H Keeling
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA (BHK, JSR)
| | - S Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hannover, Germany (THCK, SJ)
| | - J S Reichenberg
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA (BHK, JSR)
| | - N E Rosenthal
- Capital Clinical Research Associates, Rockville, MD, USA (NER)
| | - M A Wollmer
- Asklepios Clinic North - Ochsenzoll, Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Medical Faculty, Semmelweis University, Germany (SJ, MAW)
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Kruger THC, Leeners B, Naegeli E, Schmidlin S, Schedlowski M, Hartmann U, Egli M. Prolactin secretory rhythm in women: immediate and long-term alterations after sexual contact. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:1139-43. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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