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Prasad NK, Kancharla H, Bhushan B, Kundu S, Mondal K. Effect of Al and Zn addition on the active behavior of the high P pig iron-based composite anodes. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-022-01758-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Mehrotra A, Bhushan B, Kumar A, Panigrahi M, Chauhan A, Kumari S, Saini BL, Dutt T, Mishra BP. Characterisation and comparison of immune response mechanisms in an indigenous and a commercial pig breed after classical swine fever vaccination. Anim Genet 2021; 53:68-79. [PMID: 34729794 DOI: 10.1111/age.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The live attenuated classical swine fever (CSF) vaccine has been successfully used to prevent and control CSF outbreaks for 6 decades. However, the immune response mechanisms against the vaccine remain poorly understood. Moreover, very few reports exist regarding the breed differences in the response to CSF vaccine. In this study, we generated the peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptomes of indigenous Ghurrah and commercial Landrace pig breeds, before and 7 days after CSF vaccination. Subsequently, between and within-breed differential gene expression analyses were carried out. Results revealed large differences in pre-vaccination peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptome profiles of the two breeds, which were homogenised 7 days after vaccination. Before vaccination, gene set enrichment analysis showed that pathways related to antigen sensing and innate immune response were enriched in Ghurrah, while pathways related to adaptive immunity were enriched in Landrace. Ghurrah exhibited greater immunomodulation compared to Landrace following the vaccination. In Ghurrah, cell-cycle processes and T-cell response pathways were upregulated after vaccination. However, no pathways were upregulated in Landrace after vaccination. Pathways related to inflammation were downregulated in both the breeds after vaccination. Key regulators of inflammation such as IL1A, IL1B, NFKBIA and TNF genes were strongly downregulated in both the breeds after vaccination. Overall, our results have elucidated the mechanisms of host immune response against CSF vaccination in two distinct breeds and revealed common key genes instrumental in the global immune response to the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mehrotra
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - B Bhushan
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - A Kumar
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - M Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - A Chauhan
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - S Kumari
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - B L Saini
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - T Dutt
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - B P Mishra
- Animal Biotechnology, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
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Kanaka KK, Chatterjee RN, Kumar P, Bhushan B, Divya D, Bhattacharya TK. Cloning, characterisation and expression of the SERPINB14 gene, and association of promoter polymorphisms with egg quality traits in layer chicken. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:783-794. [PMID: 34047227 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1934400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. Ovalbumin (SERPINB14) is the most abundant protein present in egg white contributing about 54% of the total egg protein. In this study, the objectives were to clone and characterise the coding sequence of the SERPINB14 gene, to explore its expression profile, identify polymorphisms in the promoter of the gene and explore any association with egg quality traits in White Leghorn chickens.2. SNPs and mRNA expression of SERPINB14 in White Leghorn chicken lines were detected by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) along with sequencing and qPCR. The open reading frame (ORF) was cloned in an expression plasmid vector and sequenced.3. The ORF of this gene was 1161 bp encoding a peptide of 386 amino acids. There were three SNPs observed in the coding region of the gene, one of which was of the mis-sense type, having c562G>A transition which resulted in substitution of alanine to threonine at position 188 in the protein sequence. In both the lines, an increase in expression of the gene was observed after onset of egg production with peak expression at the 40th week of age compared to before onset of lay. The SERPINB14 gene was expressed in the magnum, but not in ovary and infundibulum, tissues of each White Leghorn line. The promoter region of the gene showed SNPs with three haplotypes; H1, H2, and H3. The haplo groups were associated with the egg weight and age at sexual maturity in the IWI line and Haugh unit and albumin index in the IWK line.4. It was concluded that the ORF of SERPINB14 gene in White Leghorn chicken lines is polymorphic. The promoter region of the gene is also polymorphic and has significant (P < 0.05) association with Haugh unit and egg weight in IWK and IWI chicken lines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Kanaka
- Animal Genetics Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - R N Chatterjee
- Molecular Genetics Lab, ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, India
| | - P Kumar
- Animal Genetics Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - B Bhushan
- Animal Genetics Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - D Divya
- Molecular Genetics Lab, ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, India
| | - T K Bhattacharya
- Molecular Genetics Lab, ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, India
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Bhushan B, Jahan K, Kumar Katiyar P, Murty B, Mondal K. Evolution of ZnO flowerets from dealloying of Cu-Zn alloy powder. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Kumar S, Hussain A, Bhushan B, Kaul G. Comparative toxicity assessment of nano- and bulk-phase titanium dioxide particles on the human mammary gland in vitro. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1475-1486. [PMID: 32495665 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120927448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a major concern that exposure to titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) can have degrading effects on human health as well as mammary gland because of the increased use in numerous sorts of nanotech-based health care and food merchandise. Also, there is a scarcity in NP toxicity studies on the mammary gland; therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare toxicity caused by nano- and bulk-phase TiO2 particles on the human mammary gland in vitro. In comparison to bulk-TiO2 particles, nano-TiO2 cause a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in viability and increased reactive oxygen species generation in the human mammary epithelial cells after a dose- (1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 µg/mL) and time (6, 12, 24, and 48 h)-dependent exposure. Further, an increase in genotoxicity in the mammary epithelial cells was observed as percent tail DNA and comet area was increased significantly (p < 0.05) at 12 h of exposure (10 and 100 µg/mL) with nano-TiO2. The scanning electron microscopic examination showed that a 50 µg/mL dose of both nano-TiO2 and bulk-TiO2 particles cause morphological changes and retarded growth pattern of mammary epithelial cells at 12 h. Moreover, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in apoptosis at 10 µg/mL and necrosis at 50 µg/mL concentrations of nano-TiO2 in comparison to bulk-TiO2 was observed in mammary epithelial cells. Finally, we can conclude that the toxicity caused by nano-TiO2 particles on the human mammary gland cells was comparatively higher than the bulk-TiO2 particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - A Hussain
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - B Bhushan
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - G Kaul
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Cecotti H, Meena YK, Bhushan B, Dutta A, Prasad G. A multiscript gaze-based assistive virtual keyboard. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:1306-1309. [PMID: 31946132 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of inexpensive and accurate eye-trackers allows the creation of gazed based virtual keyboards that can be used by a large population of disabled people in developing countries. Thanks to eye-tracking technology, gaze-based virtual keyboards can be designed in relation to constraints related to the gaze detection accuracy and the considered display device. In this paper, we propose a new multimodal multiscript gaze-based virtual keyboard where it is possible to change the layout of the graphical user interface in relation to the script. Traditionally, virtual keyboards are assessed for a single language (e.g. English). We propose a multiscript gaze based virtual keyboard that can be accessed for people who communicate with the Latin, Bangla, and/or Devanagari scripts. We evaluate the performance of the virtual keyboard with two main groups of participants: 28 people who can communicate with both Bangla and English, and 24 people who can communicate with both Devanagari and English. The performance is assessed in relation to the information transfer rate when participants had to spell a sentence using their gaze for pointing to the command, and a dedicated mouth switch for commands selection. The results support the conclusion that the system is efficient, with no difference in terms of information transfer rate between Bangla and Devanagari. However, the performance is higher with English, despite the fact it was the secondary language of the participants.
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Bhushan B, Murty B, Mondal K. A new approach for synthesis of ZnO nanorod flowerets and subsequent pure free-standing ZnO nanorods. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McAllister TE, Yeh TL, Abboud MI, Leung IKH, Hookway ES, King ONF, Bhushan B, Williams ST, Hopkinson RJ, Münzel M, Loik ND, Chowdhury R, Oppermann U, Claridge TDW, Goto Y, Suga H, Schofield CJ, Kawamura A. Non-competitive cyclic peptides for targeting enzyme-substrate complexes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4569-4578. [PMID: 29899950 PMCID: PMC5969509 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00286j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Affinity reagents are of central importance for selectively identifying proteins and investigating their interactions. We report on the development and use of cyclic peptides, identified by mRNA display-based RaPID methodology, that are selective for, and tight binders of, the human hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) - enzymes crucial in hypoxia sensing. Biophysical analyses reveal the cyclic peptides to bind in a distinct site, away from the enzyme active site pocket, enabling conservation of substrate binding and catalysis. A biotinylated cyclic peptide captures not only the PHDs, but also their primary substrate hypoxia inducible factor HIF1-α. Our work highlights the potential for tight, non-active site binding cyclic peptides to act as promising affinity reagents for studying protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E McAllister
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - T-L Yeh
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - M I Abboud
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - I K H Leung
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
- School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - E S Hookway
- Botnar Research Centre , NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit , University of Oxford , Windmill Road , Oxford , OX3 7LD , UK
| | - O N F King
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - B Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Radcliffe Department of Medicine , University of Oxford , Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics , Roosevelt Drive , Oxford OX3 7BN , UK
| | - S T Williams
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - R J Hopkinson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - M Münzel
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - N D Loik
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - R Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - U Oppermann
- Botnar Research Centre , NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit , University of Oxford , Windmill Road , Oxford , OX3 7LD , UK
| | - T D W Claridge
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Y Goto
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - H Suga
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
- JST , CREST , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - C J Schofield
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - A Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Radcliffe Department of Medicine , University of Oxford , Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics , Roosevelt Drive , Oxford OX3 7BN , UK
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Abstract
SummaryThe aim of this pilot study was to define the mechanism and mode of polyethylene wear in acetabular components retrieved from seven dogs following therapeutic total hip replacement. The articular surface of each acetabular component was examined using contact profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Peak-tovalley distance (P-V) and arithmetic average surface roughness (Ra) were calculated for each quadrant of the surface. Deformation of the regular profile of the machining lines was the least severe form of surface alteration. Randomly orientated scratches, fine tapered filaments, ripples, and coarse surface shredding were common SEM observations. Gouging of the convex surface of the cup was seen in two cases following failure of the polyethylenecement interface. Wear of the nonarticular acetabular rim suggested neck impingement in one case. P-V and Ra were significantly lower in the craniodorsal zone, compared to the average roughness of the other three quadrants (p < 0.05). Abrasion, adhesion and fatigue were the principal mechanisms of polyethylene wear, and were implicated in the production of polyethylene particulate debris. Meticulous removal of abrasive third bodies at the time of surgery, and correct orientation of the acetabular component, should reduce early and severe wear.Polyethylene wear is inevitable following metal-on-polyethylene total hip replacement. In this study, the nature of polyethylene wear in retrieved canine acetabular components was defined, using contact profilometry and scanning electron microscopy. Abrasion, adhesion and fatigue were the principal mechanisms of wear, and were implicated in the production of polyethylene particulate debris.
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Nanda D, Varshney P, Satapathy M, Mohapatra S, Bhushan B, Kumar A. Single step method to fabricate durable superliquiphobic coating on aluminum surface with self-cleaning and anti-fogging properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 507:397-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Bhushan B, Murty B, Mondal K. A two-step method for synthesis of micron sized nanoporous silver powder and ZnO nanoparticles. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kar S, Pal A, Debnath AK, Bhushan B, Sahu AK, Bindal RC. High-performance mixed-matrix membranes with altered interfacial and surface chemistry through benign reinforcement of functionalized carbon nanotubes of different configurations. EXPRESS POLYM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2017.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ninjoor V, Bhushan B, Nadkarni GB. Labilizing effects of radiolytic products of beta-carotene and vitamin A on liver lysosomes in vitro. World Rev Nutr Diet 2015; 31:119-24. [PMID: 735120 DOI: 10.1159/000401311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Kaushik NK, Bhushan B, Chhatwal GR. Synthesis and Characterisation of Bis(η5-methylcyclopentadienyl) N-Aryl-dithiocarbamato Chloro Titanium(IV) Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1979-0714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Some bis(η5-methylcyclopentadienyl) N-aryl-dithiocarbamato chloro titanium(IV) compounds of the general formula η5-(Mecp)2Ti(S2CNRH)Cl (R = phenyl; o-, m- and p-tolyl; p-methoxy phenyl; o- and p-ethoxy phenyl; o-, m- and p-chlorophenyl; p-bromophenyl and p-iodophenyl groups) have been prepared by the reaction of bis(η5-methylcyclopentadienyl) titanium(IV) dichloride with ammonium N-aryl-dithiocarbamates. A study of the molecular weight, conductance, infrared and electronic spectra, and magnetic susceptibility in addition to elemental analysis has been carried out to throw some light on the probable structure of these derivatives
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Affiliation(s)
- N. K. Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - B. Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - G. R. Chhatwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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Kerketta S, Singh M, Patel B, Verma M, Prasad J, Upadhyay D, Bhushan B. Study on buck's mating behaviour, libido score and semen biology in local goat of Rohilkhand region, India. INDIAN J ANIM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.5958/0976-0555.2014.00017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Uday Kumar S, Matai I, Dubey P, Bhushan B, Sachdev A, Gopinath P. Differentially cross-linkable core–shell nanofibers for tunable delivery of anticancer drugs: synthesis, characterization and their anticancer efficacy. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05001k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work introduces a new dimension for controlled drug delivery by nanofiber based scaffolds for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Uday Kumar
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory
- Centre for Nanotechnology
- Roorkee, India
| | - I. Matai
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory
- Centre for Nanotechnology
- Roorkee, India
| | - P. Dubey
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory
- Centre for Nanotechnology
- Roorkee, India
| | - B. Bhushan
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory
- Centre for Nanotechnology
- Roorkee, India
| | - A. Sachdev
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory
- Centre for Nanotechnology
- Roorkee, India
| | - P. Gopinath
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory
- Centre for Nanotechnology
- Roorkee, India
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
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Dige M, Ahlawat S, Bhushan B, Kumar P, Inamdar B, Kumar A. Lack of association of mastitis with allelic variants of CXCR2gene in Vrindavani cattle. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2013.782862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Bhushan B, Kajal NC, Maske A, Singh SP. Manifestations of tuberculosis in elderly versus young hospitalised patients in Amritsar, India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012; 16:1210-3. [DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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21
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Dige M, Kumar A, Kumar P, Dubey P, Bhushan B. Estimation of variance components and genetic parameters for growth traits in New Zealand White rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Journal of Applied Animal Research 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2011.645037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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22
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Maali A, Pan Y, Bhushan B, Charlaix E. Hydrodynamic drag-force measurement and slip length on microstructured surfaces. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2012; 85:066310. [PMID: 23005209 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.066310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a drainage experiment of water between a borosilicate sphere and a microstructured surface constituted by regularly spaced pillars is presented. The microstructured surface has two parts: on one part the liquid forms a Cassie interface and on the second it forms a Wenzel interface. The measured hydrodynamic drag force is larger on the Cassie part compared to the Wenzel part. Furthermore, for the Cassie part, from the hydrodynamic drag force measurements on a pillar and between pillars the corresponding local slip lengths have been extracted. The area average slip length on the surface is in agreement with the value expected by Philip's equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maali
- Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine, Université Bordeaux I, 351 cours de la Liberation, F-33405 Talence, France.
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Abstract
In this paper, a review of different techniques used to measure the slip length on superhydrophobic surfaces with large slip length is presented. First, we present the theoretical models used to calculate the effective slip length on superhydrophobic surfaces in different configurations of liquid flow. Then, we present the different techniques used to measure the slip past these superhydrophobic surfaces: rheometry, particle image velocimetry, pressure drop, surface force apparatus and atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maali
- Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine, Université Bordeaux I, Talence, France.
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Palacio MLB, Schricker SR, Bhushan B. Block copolymer arrangement and composition effects on protein conformation using atomic force microscope-based antigen-antibody adhesion. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:978-88. [PMID: 22278846 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The conformational changes of fibronectin (FN) deposited on various block copolymers where one block is composed of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the other block is either poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) or poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) were investigated using a functionalized atomic force microscope (AFM) tip. The tip was modified with an antibody sensitive to the exposure of the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) groups in FN. By studying the adhesive interactions between the antibody and the proteins adsorbed on the block copolymer surface and phase imaging, it was found that the triblock copolymers PAA-b-PMMA-b-PAA and PMMA-b-PHEMA-b-PMMA, which both have large domain sizes, are conducive to the exposure of the FN RGD groups on the surface. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that the surface chemistry as well as the nanomorphology dictated by the block copolymer arrangement could both tune protein conformation and orientation and optimize cell adhesion to the biomaterial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L B Palacio
- Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Misra A, Mishra A, Murthy V, Gupta M, Bhushan B, Ramakumar S, Chauhan VS. Structure of peptide inhibitor of human islet amyloid polypeptide fibrillization. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311092798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Zaghloul U, Bhushan B, Pons P, Papaioannou G, Coccetti F, Plana R. Nanoscale characterization of different stiction mechanisms in electrostatically driven MEMS devices based on adhesion and friction measurements. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 358:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zaghloul U, Papaioannou GJ, Wang H, Bhushan B, Coccetti F, Pons P, Plana R. Nanoscale characterization of the dielectric charging phenomenon in PECVD silicon nitride thin films with various interfacial structures based on Kelvin probe force microscopy. Nanotechnology 2011; 22:205708. [PMID: 21444948 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/20/205708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a novel characterization methodology for the dielectric charging phenomenon in electrostatically driven MEMS devices using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). It has been used to study plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) silicon nitride thin films in view of application in electrostatic capacitive RF MEMS switches. The proposed technique takes the advantage of the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip to simulate charge injection through asperities, and then the induced surface potential is measured. The impact of bias amplitude, bias polarity, and bias duration employed during charge injection has been explored. The influence of various parameters on the charging/discharging processes has been investigated: dielectric film thickness, SiN(x) material deposition conditions, and under layers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) material characterization techniques have been used to determine the chemical bonds and compositions, respectively, of the SiN(x) films being investigated. The required samples for this technique consist only of thin dielectric films deposited over planar substrates, and no photolithography steps are required. Therefore, the proposed methodology provides a low cost and quite fast solution compared to other available characterization techniques of actual MEMS switches. Finally, the comparison between the KPFM results and the discharge current transients (DCT) measurements shows a quite good agreement.
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Zaghloul U, Bhushan B, Pons P, Papaioannou GJ, Coccetti F, Plana R. On the influence of environment gases, relative humidity and gas purification on dielectric charging/discharging processes in electrostatically driven MEMS/NEMS devices. Nanotechnology 2011; 22:035705. [PMID: 21149964 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/3/035705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the impact of environment gases and relative humidity on dielectric charging phenomenon in electrostatically actuated micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS). The research is based on surface potential measurements using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) silicon nitride films were investigated in view of applications in electrostatic capacitive RF MEMS switches. Charges were injected through the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip, and the induced surface potential was measured using KPFM. Experiments have been performed in air and in nitrogen environments, both under different relative humidity levels ranging from 0.02% to 40%. The impact of oxygen gas and hydrocarbon contaminants has been studied for the first time by using different gas purifiers in both air and nitrogen lines. Voltage pulses with different bias amplitudes have been applied during the charge injection step under all investigated environmental conditions in order to investigate the effect of bias amplitude. The investigation reveals a deeper understanding of charging and discharging processes and could further lead to improved operating environment conditions in order to minimize the dielectric charging. Finally, the nanoscale KPFM results obtained in this study show a good correlation with the device level measurements for capacitive MEMS switches reported in the literature.
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Kumar P, Kumar KG, Bhattacharya TK, Bhushan B, Sharma A, Ahlawat SP. Molecular and Cytogenetic Evaluation of Four Indian Breeds of Sheep. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2009.9707072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Hoque E, DeRose J, Bhushan B, Hipps K. Low adhesion, non-wetting phosphonate self-assembled monolayer films formed on copper oxide surfaces. Ultramicroscopy 2009; 109:1015-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bhat R, Sridhar K, Bhushan B, Sharma A. Canavalia catharticafree radicals studied by ESR. Acta Alimentaria 2008. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.2008.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Garg S, Bhushan B, Singla S, Gupta KP. Surgical repositioning of intruded immature permanent incisor: an updated treatment concept. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2008; 26 Suppl 2:S82-5. [PMID: 19075455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrusion of immature permanent anterior teeth presents a great dilemma due to variety of treatment options. The ideal treatment option is the one with least probability of developing complications like external root resorption, obliteration of pulp canal, marginal bone loss etc. This paper presents a case report with treatment strategy of repositioning, splinting, successfully attempted apexification and obturation of a completely intruded immature permanent central incisor. Excellent healing with no post-operative complications even after 10 months of follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Garg
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, M.M.College of Dental Sciences & Research, Mullana. Ambala, Haryana, India
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Bhushan B, Ahuja D, Verma S, Saluja S, Siddiqui S, Kapur S. Relation of cell viability and apoptosis with clinical remission following induction chemotherapy in ALL and AML. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2007; 26:313-321. [PMID: 17987789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of in vitro spontaneous apoptosis of acute leukemic blast cells after incubating for different time period and its correlation with clinical outcome is well documented in the literature. However, there is insufficient information available on the flowcytometric determination of cell viability immediately after separating blast cells and its correlation with the clinical response. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the relationship between viability of freshly isolated leukemic cells and the clinical response. Cell viability was evaluated in freshly isolated leukemic cells from 84 patients with acute leukemia (AL) using 7-Amino-Actinomycin D and was correlated with the clinical response following induction chemotherapy. Patients with ALL who achieved complete remission (CR) had significantly lower mean live cell (70.9%) compared to those patients who did not achieve CR (93.3%) (p=0.02). Furthermore, ALL responders had also significantly higher mean early apoptotic cell (19.4%) as compared to non responders (5%) (p=0.04). No significant difference was found in the mean live / early apoptotic cell count of responders and non responders of AML patients. The probability of obtaining CR in ALL patients was 3.7 and 2.7 times higher in those who had mean live cell count less than 70% and apoptotic cell count more than 10%, respectively. A lower cell viability and higher apoptosis in freshly isolated leukemic cells at the time of diagnosis may indicate a favorable response in patients with ALL but may not provide any sufficient information in predicting the response in AML patients to induction chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bhushan
- Institute of Pathology (Indian Council of Medical Research), Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
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Hoque E, Derose JA, Hoffmann P, Mathieu HJ, Bhushan B, Cichomski M. Phosphonate self-assembled monolayers on aluminum surfaces. J Chem Phys 2007; 124:174710. [PMID: 16689593 DOI: 10.1063/1.2186311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Substrates of aluminum (Al) deposited by physical vapor deposition onto Si substrates and then chemically reacted with perfluorodecylphosphonic acid (PFDPAlSi), decylphosphonic acid (DPAlSi), and octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPAlSi) were studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and friction force microscopy, a derivative of AFM, to characterize their surface chemical composition, roughness, and micro-/nanotribological properties. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of perfluorinated and nonperfluorinated alkylphosphonate molecules on the PFDPAlSi, DPAlSi, and ODPAlSi. The sessile drop static contact angle of pure water on PFDPAlSi was typically more than 130 degrees and on DPAlSi and ODPAlSi typically more than 125 degrees indicating that all phosphonic acid reacted AlSi samples were very hydrophobic. The surface roughness for PFDPAlSi, DPAlSi, ODPAlSi, and bare AlSi was approximately 35 nm as determined by AFM. The surface energy for PFDPAlSi was determined to be approximately 11 mNm by the Zisman plot method compared to 21 and 20 mNm for DPAlSi and ODPAlSi, respectively. Tribology involves the measure of lateral forces due to friction and adhesion between two surfaces. Friction, adhesion, and wear play important roles in the performance of micro-/nanoelectromechanical systems. PFDPAlSi gave the lowest adhesion and coefficient of friction values while bare AlSi gave the highest. The adhesion and coefficient of friction values for DPAlSi and ODPAlSi were comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hoque
- LMCH, IMX, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Hoque E, DeRose JA, Hoffmann P, Bhushan B, Mathieu HJ. Chemical stability of nonwetting, low adhesion self-assembled monolayer films formed by perfluoroalkylsilanization of copper. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:114706. [PMID: 17381227 DOI: 10.1063/1.2566333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) has been produced by reaction of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyldimethylchlorosilane (PFMS) with an oxidized copper (Cu) substrate and investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), friction force microscopy (FFM), a derivative of AFM, and contact angle measurement. FFM showed a significant reduction in the adhesive force and friction coefficient of PFMS modified Cu (PFMS/Cu) compared to unmodified Cu. The perfluoroalkyl SAM on Cu is found to be extremely hydrophobic, yielding sessile drop static contact angles of more than 130 degrees for pure water and a "surface energy" (which is proportional to the Zisman critical surface tension for a Cu surface with 0 rms roughness) of 14.5 mJm2(nMm). Treatment by exposure to harsh conditions showed that PFMS/Cu SAM can withstand boiling nitric acid (pH=1.8), boiling water, and warm sodium hydroxide (pH=12, 60 degrees C) solutions for at least 30 min. Furthermore, no SAM degradation was observed when PFMS/Cu was exposed to warm nitric acid solution for up to 70 min at 60 degrees C or 50 min at 80 degrees C. Extremely hydrophobic (low surface energy) and stable PFMS/Cu SAMs could be useful as corrosion inhibitors in micro/nanoelectronic devices and/or as promoters for antiwetting, low adhesion surfaces or dropwise condensation on heat exchange surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hoque
- LMCH, IMX, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Choudhary V, Kumar P, Bhattacharya TK, Bhushan B, Sharma A, Shukla A. DNA polymorphism of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 gene and its association with birth weight and body weight in cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 2007; 124:29-34. [PMID: 17302958 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2007.00626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) is a protein that binds the majority of insulin-like growth factors in circulation for regulation of its action on growth and metabolism of the animals. Animals belonging to Hariana, Holstein-Friesian (HF) and their crossbreds (HF x Hariana) were studied using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and nucleotide sequencing of the IGFBP-3 gene. A 651-bp fragment of the IGFBP-3 gene spanning over a part of exon 2, complete intron 2, exon 3 and a part of intron 3 was amplified and digested with HaeIII restriction enzyme. Three patterns of restriction fragments were observed in HF and crossbred cattle revealing polymorphism in both the populations. The frequency of AA, AB and BB genotypes was 0.65, 0.32 and 0.03 in crossbreds and 0.29, 0.65 and 0.06 in HF respectively. The allelic frequency of the A and B allele was 0.81 and 0.19 in crossbreds and 0.62 and 0.38 in HF cattle respectively. Only one restriction pattern (AA genotype) was observed in all the animals of Hariana breed of Bos indicus showing the absence of polymorphism. Nucleotide sequencing revealed a C --> A mutation in the intron 2 region of the IGFBP-3 gene as the cause of the polymorphism. Least squares analysis revealed a significant effect (p < 0.05) of genotypes on birth weight and body weight (weight at 12, 18 and 24 months of age) of the animals. Animals of AB genotype showed higher birth weight and body weight than the animals possessing AA genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Choudhary
- Animal Genetics Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Bhushan B, Halasz A, Hawari J. Effect of iron(III), humic acids and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate on biodegradation of cyclic nitramines by Clostridium sp. EDB2. J Appl Microbiol 2006; 100:555-63. [PMID: 16478495 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the biodegradation of cyclic nitramines by an anaerobic marine bacterium, Clostridium sp. EDB2, in the presence of Fe(III), humic acids (HA) and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS). METHODS AND RESULTS An obligate anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium sp. EDB2, degraded RDX and HMX, and produced similar product distribution including nitrite, methylenedinitramine, nitrous oxide, ammonium, formaldehyde, formic acid and carbon dioxide. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mass balance for RDX products were 87% and 82%, respectively, and for HMX were 88% and 74%, respectively. Bacterial growth and biodegradation of RDX and HMX were stimulated in the presence of Fe(III), HA and AQDS suggesting that strain EDB2 utilized Fe(III), HA and AQDS as redox mediators to transfer electrons to cyclic nitramines. CONCLUSIONS Strain EDB2 demonstrated a multidimensional approach to degrade RDX and HMX: first, direct degradation of the chemicals; second, indirect degradation by reducing Fe(III) to produce reactive-Fe(II); third, indirect degradation by reducing HA and AQDS which act as electron shuttles to transfer electrons to the cyclic nitramines. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The present study could be helpful in determining the fate of cyclic nitramine energetic chemicals in the environments rich in Fe(III) and HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bhushan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
The surface properties of aluminum, such as chemical composition, roughness, friction, adhesion, and wear, can play an important role in the performance of micro-/nano-electromechanical systems, e.g., digital micromirror devices. Aluminum substrates chemically reacted with octadecylphosphonic acid (ODP/Al), decylphosphonic acid (DP/Al), and octylphosphonic acid (OP/Al) have been investigated and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurements, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). XPS analysis confirmed the presence of alkylphosphonate molecules on ODP/Al, DP/Al, and OP/Al. No phosphonates were found on bare Al as a control. The sessile drop static contact angle of pure water on ODP/Al and DP/Al was typically more than 115 degrees and on OP/Al typically less than 105 degrees indicating that all phosphonic acid reacted Al samples were highly hydrophobic. The root-mean-square surface roughness for ODP/Al, DP/Al, OP/Al, and bare Al was less than 15 nm as determined by AFM. The surface energy for ODP/Al and DP/Al was determined to be approximately 21 and 22 mJ/m2, respectively, by the Zisman plot method, compared to 25 mJ/m2 for OP/Al. ODP/Al and OP/Al were studied by friction force microscopy, a derivative of AFM, to better understand their micro-/nano-tribological properties. ODP/Al gave the lowest coefficient of friction values while bare Al gave the highest. The adhesion forces for ODP/Al and OP/Al were comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hoque
- Laboratoire de Métallurgie Chimique, Institut des Matériaux, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Abstract
The way in which common hair care products, such as conditioner, deposit onto and change hair properties is of interest in beauty care science, as these properties are closely tied to product performance. The binding interaction between conditioner and the hair surface is one of the important factors in determining the conditioner thickness distribution and consequently the proper functions of conditioner. In this study, atomic force microscopy was used to obtain the local conditioner thickness distribution, adhesive forces and effective Young's modulus mapping of various hair surfaces. The conditioner thickness was extracted by measuring the forces on the atomic force microscopy tip as it approached, contacted and pushed through the conditioner layer. The effective Young's moduli of various hair surfaces were calculated from the force distance curves using Hertz analysis. The intrinsic binding interactions between different silicones and the hair surface on the microscopic scale, as well as their effect on the effective Young's modulus of the hair, are also discussed. It was found that the effective Young's modulus of the hair is strongly affected by the binding of conditioner molecules on the hair surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chen
- Nanotribology Laboratory for Information Storage and MEMS/NEMS (NLIM), 650 Ackerman Road, Suite 255, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Bhushan B. P.111 Long term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. J Clin Virol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(06)80293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chen N, Bhushan B. Morphological, nanomechanical and cellular structural characterization of human hair and conditioner distribution using torsional resonance mode with an atomic force microscope. J Microsc 2005; 220:96-112. [PMID: 16313489 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2005.01517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of the cellular structure and chemical and physical properties of hair are essential to develop better cosmetic products and advance the biological and cosmetic sciences. Although the morphology of the fine cellular structure of human hair has traditionally been investigated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy can be used for characterization in ambient conditions without requiring specific sample preparations and surface treatment. In this study, the tapping and torsional resonance modes in an atomic force microscope are compared for measurements of stiffness and viscoelastic properties. The materials were mapped using amplitude and phase angle imaging. The torsional resonance mode showed advantages in resolving the in-plane (lateral) heterogeneity of materials. This mode was used for investigating and characterizing the fine cellular structure of human hair. Various cellular structures (such as the cortex and the cuticle) of human hair and fine sublamellar structures of the cuticle, such as the A-layer, the exocuticle, the endocuticle and the cell membrane complex were easily identified. The distribution and thickness of conditioner on the treated hair surface affects the tribological properties of hair. The thickness of the conditioner was estimated using force distance measurements with an atomic force microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chen
- Nanotribology Laboratory for Information Storage and MEMS/NEMS (NLIM), Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Szoszkiewicz R, Bhushan B, Huey BD, Kulik AJ, Gremaud G. Correlations between adhesion hysteresis and friction at molecular scales. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:144708. [PMID: 15847554 DOI: 10.1063/1.1886751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Correlations between adhesion hysteresis and local friction are theoretically and experimentally investigated. The model is based on the classical theory of adhesional friction, contact mechanics, capillary hysteresis, and nanoscale roughness. Adhesion hysteresis was found to scale with friction through the scaling factor containing a varying ratio of adhesion energy over the reduced Young's modulus. Capillary forces can offset the relationship between adhesion hysteresis and friction. Measurements on a wide range of engineering samples with varying adhesive and elastic properties confirm the model. Adhesion hysteresis is investigated under controlled, low humidity atmosphere via ultrasonic force microscopy. Friction is measured by the friction force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Szoszkiewicz
- Institute of Physics of Complex Matter, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Abstract
The margination of a particle circulating in the blood stream has been analyzed. The contribution of buoyancy, hemodynamic forces, van der Waals, electrostatic and steric interactions between the circulating particle and the endothelium lining the vasculature has been considered. For practical applications, the contribution of buoyancy, hemodynamic forces and van der Waals interactions should be only taken into account, whilst the effect of electrostatic and steric repulsion becomes important only at very short distances from the endothelium (1-10 nm). The margination speed and the time for margination t(s) have been estimated as a function of the density of the particle relative to blood delta rho, the Hamaker constant A and radius R of the particle. A critical radius Rc exists for which the margination time t(s) has a maximum, which is influenced by both delta rho and A: the critical radius decreases as the relative density increases and the Hamaker constant decreases. Therefore, particles used for drug delivery should have a radius smaller than the critical value (in the range of 100 nm) to facilitate margination and interaction with the endothelium. While particles used as nanoharvesting agents in proteomics or genomics analysis should have a radius close to the critical value to minimize margination and increase their circulation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Decuzzi
- Center of Excellence in Computational Mechanics, Politecnico di Bari, Bari 70125, Italy.
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Kwon J, Kausar T, Noh J, Warrier S, Venugopal V, Karani M, Artik A, Bhushan B, Byun M, Kim S, Kim K, Kim K. Inter-country transportation of irradiated dried Korean fish to prove its quality and identity. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Patra BN, Bais RKS, Sharma D, Singh BP, Prasad RB, Bhushan B. Immunocompetence Status of White Plumage Naked Neck versus Normally Feathered Broilers in Tropical Climate. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2004.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Padma B, Kumar P, Choudhary V, Dhara SK, Mishra A, Bhattacharya TK, Bhushan B, Sharma A. Nucleotide Sequencing and PCR-RFLP of Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 Gene in Riverine Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2004.910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kumar KG, Kumar P, Bhattacharya TK, Bhushan B, Patel AK, Choudhary V, Sharma A. Genetic Relationship Among Four Indian Breeds of Sheep Using RAPD-PCR. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2003.9706454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Hou ZJ, Narindrasorasak S, Bhushan B, Sarkar B, Mitra B. Functional analysis of chimeric proteins of the Wilson Cu(I)-ATPase (ATP7B) and ZntA, a Pb(II)/Zn(II)/Cd(II)-ATPase from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:40858-63. [PMID: 11527979 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m107455200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP7B, the Wilson disease-associated Cu(I)-transporter, and ZntA from Escherichia coli are soft metal P1-type ATPases with mutually exclusive metal ion substrates. P1-type ATPases have a distinctive amino-terminal domain containing the conserved metal-binding motif GXXCXXC. ZntA has one copy of this motif while ATP7B has six copies. The effect of interchanging the amino-terminal domains of ATP7B and ZntA was investigated. Chimeric proteins were constructed in which either the entire amino-terminal domain of ATP7B or only its sixth metal-binding motif replaced the amino-terminal domain of ZntA. Both chimeras conferred resistance to lead, zinc, and cadmium salts but not to copper salts. The purified chimeras displayed activity with lead, cadmium, zinc, and mercury, which are substrates of ZntA. There was no activity with copper or silver, which are substrates of ATP7B. The chimeras were 2-3-fold less active than ZntA. Thus, the amino-terminal domain of P1-type ATPases cannot alter the metal specificity determined by the transmembrane segment. Also, these results suggest that this domain interacts with the rest of the transporter in a metal ion-specific manner; the amino-terminal domain of ATP7B cannot replace that of ZntA in restoring full catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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