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Oviedo A, Abubakar A, Uhomoibhi P, Maire M, Inyang U, Audu B, Iriemenam NC, Ogunniyi A, Ssekitooleko J, Kalambo JA, Greby SM, Mba N, Swaminathan M, Ihekweazu C, Okoye MI, Rogier E, Steinhardt LC. Plasmodium falciparum infection prevalence among children aged 6-59 months from independent DHS and HIV surveys: Nigeria, 2018. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1998. [PMID: 36737630 PMCID: PMC9898257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevalence estimates are critical for malaria programming efforts but generating these from non-malaria surveys is not standard practice. Malaria prevalence estimates for 6-59-month-old Nigerian children were compared between two national household surveys performed simultaneously in 2018: a Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS). DHS tested via microscopy (n = 8298) and HRP2-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT, n = 11,351), and NAIIS collected dried blood spots (DBS) which were later tested for histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) antigen (n = 8029). National Plasmodium falciparum prevalence was 22.6% (95% CI 21.2- 24.1%) via microscopy and 36.2% (34.6- 37.8%) via RDT according to DHS, and HRP2 antigenemia was 38.3% (36.7-39.9%) by NAIIS DBS. Between the two surveys, significant rank-order correlation occurred for state-level malaria prevalence for RDT (Rho = 0.80, p < 0.001) and microscopy (Rho = 0.75, p < 0.001) versus HRP2. RDT versus HRP2 positivity showed 24 states (64.9%) with overlapping 95% confidence intervals from the two independent surveys. P. falciparum prevalence estimates among 6-59-month-olds in Nigeria were highly concordant from two simultaneous, independently conducted household surveys, regardless of malaria test utilized. This provides evidence for the value of post-hoc laboratory HRP2 detection to leverage non-malaria surveys with similar sampling designs to obtain accurate P. falciparum estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adan Oviedo
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30029, USA
| | - Ado Abubakar
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Perpetua Uhomoibhi
- National Malaria Elimination Programme, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mark Maire
- US President's Malaria Initiative, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Uwem Inyang
- United States Agency for International Development, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Bala Audu
- National Malaria Elimination Programme, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nnaemeka C Iriemenam
- Division of Global HIV and TB, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria
| | | | - James Ssekitooleko
- The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jo-Angeline Kalambo
- The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stacie M Greby
- Division of Global HIV and TB, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria
| | - Nwando Mba
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mahesh Swaminathan
- Division of Global HIV and TB, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria
| | | | - McPaul I Okoye
- Division of Global HIV and TB, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria
| | - Eric Rogier
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30029, USA
| | - Laura C Steinhardt
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30029, USA.
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George SHL, Omotoso A, Pinto A, Mustapha A, Sanchez-Covarrubias AP, Umar UA, Umar AB, Oluwasola TA, Okolo CA, Anthony UU, Ukekwe FI, Bakari MA, Dahiru AMC, Abdullahi HI, Abimiku BA, Abdurrahman A, Usman A, Ahmed SA, Usman HA, Kabir A, Eleje GU, Chiemeka ME, Nzeribe E, Nweke I, Kadas S, Suleiman DE, Ekanem E, Uche UM, Paul J, Agwu UM, Edegbe FO, Anorlu RI, Banjo A, Ajenifuja KO, Fawole AA, Kazeem IOO, Magaji F, Silas O, Athanasius BP, Tamunomie NK, Bassey E, Abudu K, Ango IG, Abdullahi K, Lawal I, Kabir SA, Ekanem V, Ezeanochie M, Yahaya UR, Castillo MN, Bahall V, Chatrani V, Brambury I, Bowe S, Halliday D, Bruney G, Butler R, Ragin C, Odedina F, Chamala S, Schlumbrecht M, Audu B. An Assessment of Ovarian Cancer Histotypes Across the African Diaspora. Front Oncol 2021; 11:732443. [PMID: 34900682 PMCID: PMC8662547 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.732443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer in Black women is common in many West African countries but is relatively rare in North America. Black women have worse survival outcomes when compared to White women. Ovarian cancer histotype, diagnosis, and age at presentation are known prognostic factors for outcome. We sought to conduct a preliminary comparative assessment of these factors across the African diaspora. METHODS Patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer (all histologies) between June 2016-December 2019 in Departments of Pathology at 25 participating sites in Nigeria were identified. Comparative population-based data, inclusive of Caribbean-born Blacks (CBB) and US-born Blacks (USB), were additionally captured from the International Agency for Research on Cancer and Florida Cancer Data Systems. Histology, country of birth, and age at diagnosis data were collected and evaluated across the three subgroups: USB, CBB and Nigerians. Statistical analyses were done using chi-square and student's t-test with significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS Nigerians had the highest proportion of germ cell tumor (GCT, 11.5%) and sex-cord stromal (SCST, 16.2%) ovarian cancers relative to CBB and USB (p=0.001). CBB (79.4%) and USB (77.3%) women were diagnosed with a larger proportion of serous ovarian cancer than Nigerians (60.4%) (p<0.0001). Nigerians were diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancers at the youngest age (51.7± 12.8 years) relative to USB (58.9 ± 15.0) and CBB (59.0± 13.0,p<0.001). Black women [CBB (25.2 ± 15.0), Nigerians (29.5 ± 15.1), and USB (33.9 ± 17.9)] were diagnosed with GCT younger than White women (35.4 ± 20.5, p=0.011). Black women [Nigerians (47.5 ± 15.9), USB (50.9 ± 18.3) and CBB (50.9 ± 18.3)] were also diagnosed with SCST younger than White women (55.6 ± 16.5, p<0.01). CONCLUSION There is significant variation in age of diagnosis and distribution of ovarian cancer histotype/diagnosis across the African diaspora. The etiology of these findings requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia H. L. George
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- African Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Ayodele Omotoso
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Pathology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Andre Pinto
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Aisha Mustapha
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Alex P. Sanchez-Covarrubias
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Usman Aliyu Umar
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Pathology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ali Bala Umar
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Pathology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Timothy Abiola Oluwasola
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Clement Abu Okolo
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Umeh Uchenna Anthony
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Francis Ikechukwu Ukekwe
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Maisaratu A. Bakari
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, Federal Medical Center Yola, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Aminu M. C. Dahiru
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, Federal Medical Center Yola, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Habiba Ibrahim Abdullahi
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria
| | - Bawa Ahmed Abimiku
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria
| | - Aisha Abdurrahman
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Federal Medical Centre Katsina, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - Asmau Usman
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Federal Medical Centre Katsina, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - Saad Aliyu Ahmed
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Hadiza Abdullahi Usman
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Abba Kabir
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - George Uchenna Eleje
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Michael Emeka Chiemeka
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomic Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Emily Nzeribe
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, Federal Medical Center, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Ikechukwu Nweke
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, Federal Medical Center, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - SaiduAbubakar Kadas
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Dauda E. Suleiman
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Etim Ekanem
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Pathology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Umemmuo Maureen Uche
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Jibrin Paul
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Uzoma Maryrose Agwu
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Felix O. Edegbe
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Rose I. Anorlu
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adekunbiola Banjo
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kayode Olusegun Ajenifuja
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Adegboyega Adisa Fawole
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, niversity of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim O. O. Kazeem
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, niversity of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Francis Magaji
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga Silas
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Boma Precious Athanasius
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Nyengidiki Kennedy Tamunomie
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Emem Bassey
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Kunle Abudu
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim G. Ango
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, smanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Kabiru Abdullahi
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, smanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ishak Lawal
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, Federal Medical Center - Birnin Kebbi, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
| | - Suleiman Aliyu Kabir
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, Federal Medical Center - Birnin Kebbi, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
| | - Victor Ekanem
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Michael Ezeanochie
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Usman Rahman Yahaya
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Melissa Nicole Castillo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Vishal Bahall
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of West Indies, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Vikash Chatrani
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of West Indies-Cave Hill, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Ian Brambury
- African Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of West Indies-Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Saida Bowe
- African Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Princess Margaret Hospital, University of the West Indies, School of Clinical Medicine and Research, Nassau, Bahamas
| | - Darron Halliday
- African Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Princess Margaret Hospital, University of the West Indies, School of Clinical Medicine and Research, Nassau, Bahamas
| | - George Bruney
- Princess Margaret Hospital, University of the West Indies, School of Clinical Medicine and Research, Nassau, Bahamas
| | - Raleigh Butler
- African Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Princess Margaret Hospital, University of the West Indies, School of Clinical Medicine and Research, Nassau, Bahamas
| | - Camille Ragin
- African Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Folakemi Odedina
- African Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Srikar Chamala
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Matthew Schlumbrecht
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- African Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Bala Audu
- Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria
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Balami AD, Said SM, Zulkefli NAM, Norsa'adah B, Audu B. Improving malaria preventive practices and pregnancy outcomes through a health education intervention: A randomized controlled trial. Malar J 2021; 20:55. [PMID: 33478529 PMCID: PMC7818731 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of malaria in pregnancy and its complications, remain very high in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the effects of a malaria health educational intervention based on the information-motivation-behavioural skills (IMB) model on malaria preventive practices and pregnancy outcomes. METHODS The study was a randomized controlled parallel-group study, where 372 randomly selected antenatal care attendees were randomly assigned to one of either two groups after collecting baseline data. The intervention group then received a four-hour health education intervention in Hausa language, which was developed based on the IMB model, while the control group received a similarly designed health education on breastfeeding. Follow up data were then collected from the participants at a first (2 months post-intervention) and second (4 months post-intervention) follow up, and at the end of their pregnancies. RESULTS For both groups, reported ITN use had increased from baseline (Intervention: Often-14.0%, Almost always-9.1; Control: Often-12.4%; Almost always 16.1%) to the time of second follow up (Intervention: Often -28.10%, Almost always-24.5; Control: Often-17.2%; Almost always 19.5%). Reported IPTp uptake at second follow up was also higher for the intervention group (Intervention: Two doses-59.0%, Three doses 22.3%; Control group: Two doses-48.4%, Three doses-7.0%). The drop in the haematocrit levels was greater for the control group (32.42% to 30.63%) compared to the intervention group (33.09% to 31.93%). The Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) analysis revealed that the intervention had significantly improved reported ITN use, reported IPTp uptake, and haematocrit levels, but had no significant effect on the incidence of reported malaria diagnosis or babies' birth weights. CONCLUSIONS The intervention was effective in improving ITN use, IPTp uptake, and haematocrit levels. It is, therefore, recommended for the modules to be adopted and incorporated into the routine antenatal care programmes in health centres with predominantly Hausa speaking clients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Pan African Clinical Trial Registry, PACTR201610001823405. Registered 26 October 2016, www.pactr.org .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Dahiru Balami
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Salmiah Md Said
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bachok Norsa'adah
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Bala Audu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
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Baba E, Hamade P, Kivumbi H, Marasciulo M, Maxwell K, Moroso D, Roca-Feltrer A, Sanogo A, Stenstrom Johansson J, Tibenderana J, Abdoulaye R, Coulibaly P, Hubbard E, Jah H, Lama EK, Razafindralambo L, Van Hulle S, Jagoe G, Tchouatieu AM, Collins D, Gilmartin C, Tetteh G, Djibo Y, Ndiaye F, Kalleh M, Kandeh B, Audu B, Ntadom G, Kiba A, Savodogo Y, Boulotigam K, Sougoudi DA, Guilavogui T, Keita M, Kone D, Jackou H, Ouba I, Ouedraogo E, Messan HA, Jah F, Kaira MJ, Sano MS, Traore MC, Ngarnaye N, Elagbaje AYC, Halleux C, Merle C, Iessa N, Pal S, Sefiani H, Souleymani R, Laminou I, Doumagoum D, Kesseley H, Coldiron M, Grais R, Kana M, Ouedraogo JB, Zongo I, Eloike T, Ogboi SJ, Achan J, Bojang K, Ceesay S, Dicko A, Djimde A, Sagara I, Diallo A, NdDiaye JL, Loua KM, Beshir K, Cairns M, Fernandez Y, Lal S, Mansukhani R, Muwanguzi J, Scott S, Snell P, Sutherland C, Tuta R, Milligan P. Effectiveness of seasonal malaria chemoprevention at scale in west and central Africa: an observational study. Lancet 2020; 396:1829-1840. [PMID: 33278936 PMCID: PMC7718580 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) aims to prevent malaria in children during the high malaria transmission season. The Achieving Catalytic Expansion of SMC in the Sahel (ACCESS-SMC) project sought to remove barriers to the scale-up of SMC in seven countries in 2015 and 2016. We evaluated the project, including coverage, effectiveness of the intervention, safety, feasibility, drug resistance, and cost-effectiveness. METHODS For this observational study, we collected data on the delivery, effectiveness, safety, influence on drug resistance, costs of delivery, impact on malaria incidence and mortality, and cost-effectiveness of SMC, during its administration for 4 months each year (2015 and 2016) to children younger than 5 years, in Burkina Faso, Chad, The Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Niger, and Nigeria. SMC was administered monthly by community health workers who visited door-to-door. Drug administration was monitored via tally sheets and via household cluster-sample coverage surveys. Pharmacovigilance was based on targeted spontaneous reporting and monitoring systems were strengthened. Molecular markers of resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine in the general population before and 2 years after SMC introduction was assessed from community surveys. Effectiveness of monthly SMC treatments was measured in case-control studies that compared receipt of SMC between patients with confirmed malaria and neighbourhood-matched community controls eligible to receive SMC. Impact on incidence and mortality was assessed from confirmed outpatient cases, hospital admissions, and deaths associated with malaria, as reported in national health management information systems in Burkina Faso and The Gambia, and from data from selected outpatient facilities (all countries). Provider costs of SMC were estimated from financial costs, costs of health-care staff time, and volunteer opportunity costs, and cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated as the total cost of SMC in each country divided by the predicted number of cases averted. FINDINGS 12 467 933 monthly SMC treatments were administered in 2015 to a target population of 3 650 455 children, and 25 117 480 were administered in 2016 to a target population of 7 551 491. In 2015, among eligible children, mean coverage per month was 76·4% (95% CI 74·0-78·8), and 54·5% children (95% CI 50·4-58·7) received all four treatments. Similar coverage was achieved in 2016 (74·8% [72·2-77·3] treated per month and 53·0% [48·5-57·4] treated four times). In 779 individual case safety reports over 2015-16, 36 serious adverse drug reactions were reported (one child with rash, two with fever, 31 with gastrointestinal disorders, one with extrapyramidal syndrome, and one with Quincke's oedema). No cases of severe skin reactions (Stevens-Johnson or Lyell syndrome) were reported. SMC treatment was associated with a protective effectiveness of 88·2% (95% CI 78·7-93·4) over 28 days in case-control studies (2185 cases of confirmed malaria and 4370 controls). In Burkina Faso and The Gambia, implementation of SMC was associated with reductions in the number of malaria deaths in hospital during the high transmission period, of 42·4% (95% CI 5·9 to 64·7) in Burkina Faso and 56·6% (28·9 to 73·5) in The Gambia. Over 2015-16, the estimated reduction in confirmed malaria cases at outpatient clinics during the high transmission period in the seven countries ranged from 25·5% (95% CI 6·1 to 40·9) in Nigeria to 55·2% (42·0 to 65·3) in The Gambia. Molecular markers of resistance occurred at low frequencies. In individuals aged 10-30 years without SMC, the combined mutations associated with resistance to amodiaquine (pfcrt CVIET haplotype and pfmdr1 mutations [86Tyr and 184Tyr]) had a prevalence of 0·7% (95% CI 0·4-1·2) in 2016 and 0·4% (0·1-0·8) in 2018 (prevalence ratio 0·5 [95% CI 0·2-1·2]), and the quintuple mutation associated with resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (triple mutation in pfdhfr and pfdhps mutations [437Gly and 540Glu]) had a prevalence of 0·2% (0·1-0·5) in 2016 and 1·0% (0·6-1·6) in 2018 (prevalence ratio 4·8 [1·7-13·7]). The weighted average economic cost of administering four monthly SMC treatments was US$3·63 per child. INTERPRETATION SMC at scale was effective in preventing morbidity and mortality from malaria. Serious adverse reactions were rarely reported. Coverage varied, with some areas consistently achieving high levels via door-to-door campaigns. Markers of resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine remained uncommon, but with some selection for resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and the situation needs to be carefully monitored. These findings should support efforts to ensure high levels of SMC coverage in west and central Africa. FUNDING Unitaid.
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Balami AD, Md Said S, Mohd Zulkefli NA, Bachok N, Audu B. Determinants of uptake of first dose of intermittent preventive treatment among pregnant women in a secondary health Centre in Maiduguri, Nigeria. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:726. [PMID: 33238901 PMCID: PMC7687802 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies on uptake of first dose of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) are lacking, despite it being a predictor of subsequent doses. This study aimed at assessing the determinants of uptake of first dose of IPTp among pregnant women at the State Specialist Hospital, Maiduguri. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which respondents were selected using a systematic random sampling method, and structured questionnaires were used to obtain information from them. Chi-squared test was used to determine factors associated with uptake of first IPTp dose, while a further multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine its predictors. Results Three hundred and eighty respondents answered the survey, whose ages ranged from 15 to 45 years, and 86.8% were multigravid. Sixty five percent of them were aware of IPTp, and 34.7% believed that IPTp could be harmful to their pregnancies. Over a half of the respondents (52.9%) believed that taking all their IPTp medicines was very good for their pregnancies, while 45.0% felt that taking their IPTp medicines was very pleasant. Only two respondents (0.5%) stated that it was very untrue that their significant others thought that they should take all their IPTp medicines. Half of the respondents said it was very easy for them to take all their IPTp medicines even if they were experiencing mild discomforts while taking them. Less than a half (42.37%) had received their first dose of IPTp. In bivariate as well as multivariate analysis, only higher level of knowledge was significantly associated with uptake of first IPTp dose. Those with better knowledge of IPTp were about twice more likely to have taken their first dose of IPTp, compared to those with lower knowledge of IPTp (AOR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.17–2.92). Conclusions Knowledge of IPTp as well as its uptake, were sub-optimal in this study. Since knowledge of IPTp significantly predicts uptake of the first dose of IPTp, there is the need to implement health education campaigns to raise the awareness of pregnant women and their families on the need to receive and comply with it. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-020-03388-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Dahiru Balami
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Salmiah Md Said
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norsa'adah Bachok
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Kubang Kerian , 15200 , Kota Bharu , Kelantan , Malaysia
| | - Bala Audu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
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Balami AD, Said SM, Zulkefli NAM, Bachok N, Audu B. Effects of a health educational intervention on malaria knowledge, motivation, and behavioural skills: a randomized controlled trial. Malar J 2019; 18:41. [PMID: 30786906 PMCID: PMC6381678 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The levels of insecticide-treated net use among pregnant women and uptake of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy, have been sub-optimal in Nigeria. Previous studies have reported positive correlations between knowledge, attitude and practice of malaria preventive measures. It has also been reported that information and motivation, act through a mediator (behavioural skills), to cause a health behaviour change. The aim of this study was as such to develop, implement, and assess the effects of a health educational intervention based on the information–motivation–behavioural skills (IMB) model on the levels of knowledge, motivation, and behavioural skills for ITN use and IPTp uptake among pregnant women in a hospital in north-eastern Nigeria. Methods This was a randomized controlled parallel-group trial in which 372 antenatal care attendees were randomly assigned to either an intervention or control group after collecting baseline data using a structured questionnaire. The intervention group received a 4-h health education on malaria, guided by a module developed based on the IMB theory, while the control group received health education on breastfeeding for a similar duration and by the same facilitator. Follow-up data were subsequently collected at 2 months and at 4 months post-intervention using the same questionnaire. The generalized linear mixed models analysis was used to determine the between-group and within-group effects of the intervention. The intention-to-treat analysis was used after missing data had been replaced. This was followed by a sensitivity analysis, where the analyses were repeated without replacing the missing values. Results The intervention was significant in achieving a 12.75% (p < 0.001), 8.55% (p < 0.001), and 6.350% (p < 0.001) higher total knowledge, motivation, and behavioural skills scores respectively, for the intervention group over the control group. The sensitivity analysis revealed no great differences in the effect sizes, even when missing data were not replaced. Conclusion The intervention module was effective in improving knowledge, motivation and behavioural skills. It is as such recommended to be adopted and incorporated into the routine antenatal health education schedules. It is also recommended that booster doses of the module be given say 2 months after the first dose to sustain levels of motivation and behavioural skills. Trial registration Pan African Clinical Trial Registry, PACTR201610001823405. Registered 26 October 2016, http://www.pactr.org Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-019-2676-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Dahiru Balami
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.
| | - Salmiah Md Said
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Norsa'adah Bachok
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Bala Audu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
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Fasubaa O, Ezechi O, Okusanya B, Aimakhu C, Adesina O, Ohihoin A, Usman H, Umeora O, Akinola R, Anorlu R, Sagay A, Audu B, Oguntayo A, Awolude O, Ezeanochie M, Fawole A, Ijaiya M, Onyebuchi A, Dattijo L, Osagie O, Fabanwo A, Iketbuson F, Fawole B, Afolabi B, Agbogoroma C, Sadauki H, Okapani A, Yakasai I, Muthir J, Okonta P. Society of obstetrics and gynecology of Nigeria – Clinical practice guidelines: Guidelines for the prevention of cervical cancer. Trop J Obstet Gynaecol 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/tjog.tjog_72_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Omirinde J, Audu B, Mohammed O, Gosomji I. Histomorphometric changes in the gill of Clarias gariepinus exposed to acute concentrations of chlorpyrifos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4322/jms.105516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Chlorpyrifos is an agrochemical pesticide of fame that is commonly used by farmers to control pests. This chemical may become harmful to fish when washed into waterways leading to aquatic environment. This study investigates the histo-morphometric changes in the gills of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus exposed to acute toxic concentrations of chlorpyrifos. Materials and Methods: Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (weight 7.28 ± 0.03g and length 4.82 ± 0.06cm) were exposed to grades of (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 pml/L) chlorpyrifos in solution. The 96 hour LC50 value of chlorpyrifos was found to be 160 pml/L. Results: The grades of chlorpyrifos induced several gill histo-architectural damages such as: moderate to severe gill epithelia sloughing, primary and secondary lamellar hyperplasia and central veinous congestion in the parenchyma with pronounced severity in fish exposed to higher concentrations. Similarly, the gill morphometrics (secondary lamellar length, width, interlamellar distance and surface area) were markedly altered by the graded concentrations of chlorpyrifos. Conclusion: Chlorpyrifos appears to be very toxic to ish and therefore, its use near ish farms or in areas close to aquatic environments should be discouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Omirinde
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, P.M.B 2084 Jos, Plateau State Nigeria, Post code 930001, Plateau, Nigéria
| | - B. Audu
- Applied Hydrobiology and Fisheries Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, P.M.B 2084 Jos, Plateau State Nigeria, Post code 930001, Plateau, Nigéria
| | - O. Mohammed
- Applied Hydrobiology and Fisheries Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, P.M.B 2084 Jos, Plateau State Nigeria, Post code 930001, Plateau, Nigéria
| | - I. Gosomji
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, P.M.B 2084 Jos, Plateau State Nigeria, Post code 930001, Plateau, Nigéria
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Balami AD, Said SM, Zulkefli NAM, Norsa'adah B, Audu B. Knowledge, motivation, self-efficacy, and their association with insecticidal net use among pregnant women in a secondary health centre in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Malar J 2018; 17:359. [PMID: 30314438 PMCID: PMC6186119 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the high prevalence of malaria among pregnant women and its associated complications, the level of compliance with insecticide-treated nets (ITN) remains very low. Motivation and self-efficacy have been reported as important determinants of health behaviour, and may be important factors to consider in developing health intervention programmes. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, motivation and self-efficacy of ITN use, and their association with its practice, among pregnant women in a secondary health centre in Maiduguri. METHODS The study utilized a cross-sectional study design, using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire to obtain information from 380 respondents. Respondents were classified as ITN users if they slept under an ITN for at least 3 days in a week, while those who did not at all, or slept under it less frequently were classified as ITN non-users. Chi squared test was performed to test the bivariate association between ITN use and each of the items of the questionnaire. A further multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the predictors of ITN use. RESULTS The respondents' ages ranged from 15 to 45 years, with median (interquartile range) age of 25 (8) years. Eighty percent of them were aware of ITN, but 50.5% believed ITNs could be dangerous. Only 5.5% and 0.8% respectively felt that sleeping under and ITN was either just bad or very bad for their health. Thirty-five percent of the respondents were ITN users. Not having a previous miscarriage (OR = 2.38; 95% CI 1.41-4.03, p = 0.001), knowledge that ITNs were not to be washed after every 1 month (OR = 3.60; 95% CI 1.18-11.06), significant others thinking they should sleep under an ITN (OR = 3.06; 95% CI 1.35-6.96), ability to effectively persuade others to sleep under an ITN (OR = 2.37; 95% CI 1.14-4.94) were significantly associated with ITN use. CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of pregnant women in this study were not sleeping under ITNs. The development of health promotion interventions aimed at boosting their self-efficacies for ITN use, and improving social support from their spouses are, therefore, recommended. Health education on ITN use should also be incorporated into post-abortal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Dahiru Balami
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Salmiah Md Said
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Bachok Norsa'adah
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Bala Audu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
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Hussaini I, Iliya I, Audu B. ATPS-36ETHNOMEDICAL SURVEY AND SCIENTIFIC VALIDATION OF ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES OF SOME NIGERIAN HERBAL PLANTS. Neuro Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov204.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Okunsebor S, Ofojekwu P, Kakwi D, Audu B. Effect of Temperature on Fertilization, Hatching and Survival Rates of Heterobranchus bidorsalis Eggs and Hatchlings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.9734/bjast/2015/9505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Audu B, Geidam A, Jarma H. Child labor and sexual assault among girls in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2008; 104:64-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Audu B, Yahya S, Geidam A, Abdussalam H, Takai I, Kyari O. Polygamy and the use of contraceptives. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2007; 101:88-92. [PMID: 18082747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2007.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2007] [Revised: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare contraceptive use among women in monogamous and polygamous marriages in Nigeria. METHODS Structured questionnaires administered to married women enquired about their marriage type, sociodemographic characteristics, and contraceptive use. RESULTS Of the 532 respondents, 33.6% were in polygamous marriages. There was a statistically significant association between monogamy and nonutilization of contraception (P=0.03); however, women in polygamous marriages were more likely not to use contraception when they were older than 35 years, had 4 or more living children, had no male child, had 3 or more female children, or lived in rural areas. There was also a statistically significant association between nonutilization of contraception and number of male children of co-wives (P=0.003), number of female children of co-wives (P=0.05), and use of contraception by co-wives (P=0.002). CONCLUSION Polygamy influences contraceptive use and the role of co-wives in this regard merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Audu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
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Mairiga AG, Kyari O, Audu B, Lawuwa BM. Socio-clinical characteristics of modern contraceptives users at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. Niger J Clin Pract 2007; 10:152-5. [PMID: 17902509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence and socio-clinical characteristics of modern contraceptive users. And the common methods clients received their first information on family planning. DESIGN A retrospective observational review of clients between 1st of January 1996 and 31st of December 2001. SETTING University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH) Maiduguri, Nigeria. METHODS AND METHODS Records of new family planning clients were reviewed to determine among other things, age of the patients, educational background, religion, number of living children and the methods chosen by the clients. The data extracted were analyzed by absolute values and percentages. Where necessary mean values and student t-test were calculated. RESULTS There was a family planning consultation prevalence of 10% of total gynaecological consultations. All the clients were females, 79.7% were for child spacing and 17% for birth control. About 90% of those women who decided not to have any more children opted for temporary methods of contraception. Contraceptive use in teenagers was only 3.6% with peak age prevalence at 25 to 29 years. Almost half of the clients had 4 or more living children. Only 11.6% of clients first heard of family planning through the Radio or Television. CONCLUSION For a family planning program to be effective in our community, strategic planning should target the males, teenagers and multiparous women. The electronic and print media should be involved more in the propagation of family planning programs. And women who have completed their family size should be encouraged to go for sterilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Mairiga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
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