1
|
Cooke MW, Trudel M, Gurney-Smith HJ, Kellogg JP, Cullen JT, Francisco BBA, Mercier JF, Chen J. Radioactivity concentration measurements in fish and shellfish samples from the west coast of Canada after the Fukushima nuclear accident (2011-2018). J Environ Radioact 2022; 251-252:106934. [PMID: 35696881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive contamination of the Pacific Ocean following the Fukushima nuclear accident has raised public concern about seafood safety, particularly in coastal Indigenous communities. To address this, Health Canada and partners have collected and analyzed a total of 621 samples of commonly consumed salmon, ground fish, and shellfish from the Canadian west coast from 2011 to 2018. While the vast majority of the 137Cs and 134Cs levels were below the Minimum Detectable Concentration (MDC, typically 0.7-1.0 Bq kg-1 fw for a 6 h counting), further examination of 19 fish samples revealed 137Cs concentrations of 0.17-0.53 Bq kg-1 fw with an average value and uncertainty (k = 1) of 0.29 ± 0.02 Bq kg-1 fw. Of these, only two samples were found to have trace levels of 134Cs likely derived from the Fukushima accident. The global fallout contribution from atmospheric nuclear weapons testing to the observed 137Cs in these two samples was determined to be 0.26 ± 0.08 Bq kg-1 fw (49 ± 14%) and 0.12 ± 0.02 Bq kg-1 fw (24 ± 4%) for collection years 2015 and 2016, respectively. The annual average level of 137Cs in fish and shellfish was also determined by spectral summation for collection years 2014-2018. In fish, 137Cs levels determined through spectral summation were relatively constant (0.18-0.25 Bq kg-1 fw) with an average value and uncertainty of 0.21 ± 0.02 Bq kg-1 fw. By contrast, 38 shellfish samples (bivalves) were measured and revealed no radiocesium or other anomalies in either tissue or shell. In all, measurements over eight years showed that the radioactivity in fish and shellfish was dominated by natural radionuclides and that the level of anthropogenic radionuclides, as indicated by the radioactive cesium content, remained small. An upper bound for ingested dose from 137Cs was determined to be approximately 0.26 μSv per year, far below the worldwide average annual effective dose of 2400 μSv from exposure to natural background radiation. We can therefore conclude that fish, such as salmon, ground fish, and shellfish from the Canadian west coast are of no radiological health concern despite the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident of 2011.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M W Cooke
- Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, K1A 1C1, Canada.
| | - M Trudel
- St. Andrews Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 125 Marine Science Dr, St. Andrews, E5B 0E4, Canada
| | - H J Gurney-Smith
- St. Andrews Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 125 Marine Science Dr, St. Andrews, E5B 0E4, Canada
| | - J P Kellogg
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - J T Cullen
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - B B A Francisco
- A. E. Lalonde AMS Laboratory, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton St, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - J F Mercier
- Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - J Chen
- Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, K1A 1C1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Francisco BBA, Brum DM, Cassella RJ. Determination of metals in soft drinks packed in different materials by ETAAS. Food Chem 2015; 185:488-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
3
|
Caldas LFS, Francisco BBA, Netto ADP, Cassella RJ. Multivariate optimization of a spectrophotometric method for copper determination in Brazilian sugar-cane spirits using the Doehlert design. Microchem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
4
|
Francisco BBA, Caldas LFS, Brum DM, Cassella RJ. Novel spectrophotometric method for the determination of aluminum in soda drinks packed in cans and plastic bottles. J Hazard Mater 2010; 181:485-490. [PMID: 20605324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a new spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of aluminum in soda drinks packed in different materials. Reaction among Al(III), phenylfluorone (PF) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) in slightly alkaline medium was explored for this purpose. The method was optimized regarding to its chemical parameters in order to establish better conditions in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. The results obtained showed that the concentration of CPC presented remarkable influence on the sensitivity and acted as a sensitizer for the studied system. The possible interferences of some metallic cations were evaluated and the cations Cu(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) presented noticed interference on the Al(III) signal. So, their interference was eliminated by using EDTA with minimum loss of sensitivity. The results obtained in the determination of total aluminum in soda drinks by the developed methodology were not statistically different from those obtained by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. In the optimized conditions the method presented a linear range of 5-100 microg L(-1). The limits of detection and quantification were 0.81 and 2.7 microg L(-1), respectively. The methodology was successfully applied in the determination of aluminum in 10 samples of soda drinks packed in cans and plastic bottles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bruna A Francisco
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista s/n, Centro, Niterói/RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|