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Jain S, Khare P, Mishra D, Shanker K, Singh P, Singh RP, Das P, Yadav R, Saikia BK, Baruah BP. Biochar aided aromatic grass [Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Wats.] vegetation: A sustainable method for stabilization of highly acidic mine waste. J Hazard Mater 2020; 390:121799. [PMID: 31818656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dumping of acidic mine waste poses severe threats to the ecosystem due to high acidity, nutrient deficiency and mobility of toxic metals. The present study has been undertaken on phytoremediation by amending the acidic soil/mine waste with biochar (BC) and plantation of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Wats. A greenhouse experiment in different combinations of biochar and acidic mine waste was conducted to assess the phytoremediation efficiency of palmarosa by BC amendments. Results indicate that the palmarosa tolerates multiple stresses effectively with a 54 % metal tolerance index (MTI) and capable of reducing acid production from the acidic mine waste alone. BC incorporation in the mine waste and soil treatments significantly enhanced the palmarosa biomass (1.11-3.3 times) and oil content by liming the acid, immobilization of metals and improving the soil quality. BC addition in highly acidic mine waste amplified the phytoremediation efficiency and mitigates abiotic oxidative stress on plants (MTI 84 % to >100 %). BC aided palmarosa plantation shifted the soil from high-risk assessment code (RAC) to low RAC for vegetation. Biochar amendments along with palmarosa plantation offer a sustainable technology for phytostabilization of highly acidic mine waste along with the production of industrially important essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Jain
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Puja Khare
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India.
| | - Disha Mishra
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- Analytical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Priyambada Singh
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Raghavendra Pratap Singh
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Paurabi Das
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Ranu Yadav
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Binoy K Saikia
- Polymer Petroleum & Coal Chemistry Group (MSTD), CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - B P Baruah
- Polymer Petroleum & Coal Chemistry Group (MSTD), CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past, few studies have been done to objectively measure the sacrococcygeal (SC) and intercoccygeal (IC) angles in the population and in patients with coccydynia. Coccydynia is an age-old disorder, the exact incidence of which has not been determined. It is reported to be more common in females and the obese. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies done in the past have calculated the curvature indices. In this study, we used MRI to objectively measure the angles in the normal participants as well as those with idiopathic coccydynia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two groups of patients were identified. Group A was "control group" of 106 normal participants and Group B comprised "study group" of ten patients suffering from idiopathic coccydynia. In all these patients, midsagittal T1-weighted MRI image acquired in supine position was used to calculate SC and IC angles. Data were analyzed, and angles were compared between the study and control groups. Statistical analysis was done with Chi-square test. RESULTS In the control group, the average SC and IC angles in the control group were 126.8° and 33.5°, respectively. In the study group, the average SC angle and the average IC angle turned out to be 127.1° and 43.2°, respectively. The difference between the SC angles in the control and study groups was not significant (P = 0.7), whereas the difference between the IC angles in the two groups was significant (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS From our study, we observed that the IC angle shows a decreasing trend with increasing age. In addition, increased IC angle was identified as a possible cause of idiopathic coccydynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Gupta
- Department of Radiology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Vishal Gupta, Department of Radiology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida - 201 306, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail:
| | - Neema Agarwal
- Department of Radiology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Barin Prasad Baruah
- Department of Radiology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Yadav V, Baruah BP, Khare P. Comparative study of thermal properties of bio-coal from aromatic spent with low rank sub-bituminous coals. Bioresour Technol 2013; 137:376-385. [PMID: 23603187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In present investigation, biocoal samples were prepared from aromatic plant waste of two perennial grasses, i.e. Cymbopogon flexuosus (lemongrass) and Vetiveria zizanioides (khus) after oil extraction, root of Rosa damascene (rose), bark of Eucalyptus citriodora. These biocoals were characterized by proximate, ultimate, metal, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy and ash analyses. Activation energies, initial temperature of devolatilization, maximum rate of weight loss (Rmax), fouling, slagging and alkali index were determined on the basis of TGA and ash analysis. These biocoals have good calorific values. There is possibility of slagging and fouling in combustion system but it is not severe. Owing to their similar fuel properties as high sulphur sub-bituminous coal, they can be good candidates for co-firing. Blending of these biocoals with high sulphur coals will serve dual purpose as (i) alternate fuel, and (ii) reduction in SO2 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Yadav
- Agronomy-Soil Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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Gayathri S, Baruah BP, Kumar S, Garg P. Bilateral cystic pheochromocytoma: an incidental finding and a rare case entity. Indian J Cancer 2011; 48:260-2. [PMID: 21768681 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.82885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
We present two cases of polycythemia secondary to a congenital cardiac anomaly presenting with acute neurological complications showing hyperdense venous sinuses and cerebral vasculature in association with cerebral abscess.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gayathri
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi - 110 001, India
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Agarwal AK, Jain V, Singla S, Baruah BP, Arya V, Yadav R, Singh VP. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its correlation with coronary risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Assoc Physicians India 2011; 59:351-354. [PMID: 21751587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by ultrasonography, and to correlate NAFLD with coronary artery disease (CAD) and coronary risk factors in a group of Indian type 2 diabetics. METHODS Consecutive patients of type 2 diabetes were recruited. History and physical examination were recorded. Laboratory investigations included fasting and 2-hour post-prandial blood glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine, liver function tests, lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin, microalbuminuria, and ultrasonographic measurement of carotid intimal-medial thickness (CIMT). NAFLD was diagnosed on the basis of ultrasound assessment of the liver. RESULTS The study group (n=124) was divided into a NAFLD group (n=71) and a non-NAFLD group (n=53). The prevalence of NAFLD was 57.2%. CAD was more prevalent in the NAFLD subgroup (60.5%) compared to the non-NAFLD subgroup (45.2%). The NAFLD subgroup had higher prevalence of hypertension, smoking, obesity (measured by BMI), central obesity (measured by waist circumference and waist hip ratio), higher HbAlc, higher triglyceride levels and lower HDL levels, and higher mean CIMT. Using binary logistic regression analysis, it was found that hypertension (p=0.013), LDL cholesterol (p=0.049), microalbuminuria (p=0.034) and NAFLD (p=0.016) were significantly correlated with CAD. CONCLUSION Among type 2 diabetics, NAFLD clusters with traditional coronary risk factors. It is a surrogate and fairly reliable marker of risk for CAD amongst type 2 diabetic patients. Ultrasonographically detected NAFLD is a simple, cheap, and safely assessable parameter for coronary risk stratification in type 2 diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. R M L Hospital, New Delhi-110001
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Manchanda SD, Prasad A, Sachdev N, De P, Abbas SZ, Baruah BP. Multi detector computed tomography (MDCT) evaluation of small bowel obstruction: pictorial review. Trop Gastroenterol 2010; 31:249-259. [PMID: 21568139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is one of the most perplexing clinical situations encountered by a surgeon in the emergency room. The decision to operate or not depends upon many factors including the probable cause and chances of bowel strangulation/ischemia. The clinical, biochemical and radiological features help the surgeon in making this decision. Plain X-rays have been the mainstay in the radiological diagnosis of SBO and its complications. In the last 20 years, CT scan has ushered in a revolution in establishing the diagnosis of SBO, its causes and complications earlier than the traditional methods and has helped in reducing morbidity and mortality. Here, we have summarised the role of multidetector CT scan in diagnosing various aspects of SBO.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Manchanda
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, PGIMER and Dr. R.M.L. Hospital, New Delhi, India-110001.
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Baruah BP, Goyal A, Young P, Douglas-Jones AG, Mansel RE. Axillary node staging by ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology in patients with breast cancer. Br J Surg 2010; 97:680-3. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.6964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This study evaluated the role of axillary ultrasonography (AUS) and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in preoperative staging of the axilla in patients with invasive breast cancer.
Methods
Between October 2006 and March 2009, 502 patients scheduled to undergo surgery for invasive breast cancer had preoperative AUS. All patients with suspicious nodes on ultrasonography underwent FNAC, and those with positive cytology proceeded directly to axillary node clearance. Patients with normal findings on AUS or negative cytology underwent sentinel node biopsy (SNB).
Results
A total of 137 (27·3 per cent) of 502 patients had axillary node metastases on final histology. Thirty-nine (28·5 per cent) node-positive patients were identified by AUS–FNAC and spared unnecessary SNB. AUS–FNAC had a sensitivity of 28·5 per cent and a specificity of 100 per cent for detecting axillary nodal metastases. AUS–FNAC findings were normal in all 15 patients with nodal micrometastases and in 11 patients with isolated tumour cells on histopathology. The sensitivity of AUS–FNAC had a positive correlation with invasive tumour size (odds ratio 1·03) and grade (odds ratio 2·80).
Conclusion
Preoperative AUS–FNAC avoided unnecessary SNB in 28·5 per cent of node-positive patients and in 7·8 per cent of patients overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Baruah
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Goyal
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - P Young
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - A G Douglas-Jones
- Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - R E Mansel
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Buddhi D, Baruah BP, Prasad A, Sachdev N, Singh H. Radiological quiz - musculoskeletal. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2006. [DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.32407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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