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Díaz-Dinamarca DA, Salazar ML, Escobar DF, Castillo BN, Valdebenito B, Díaz P, Manubens A, Salazar F, Troncoso MF, Lavandero S, Díaz J, Becker MI, Vásquez AE. Surface immunogenic protein from Streptococcus agalactiae and Fissurella latimarginata hemocyanin are TLR4 ligands and activate MyD88- and TRIF dependent signaling pathways. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186188. [PMID: 37790926 PMCID: PMC10544979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of vaccine adjuvants is of interest for the management of chronic diseases, cancer, and future pandemics. Therefore, the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the effects of vaccine adjuvants has been investigated. TLR4 ligand-based adjuvants are the most frequently used adjuvants for human vaccines. Among TLR family members, TLR4 has unique dual signaling capabilities due to the recruitment of two adapter proteins, myeloid differentiation marker 88 (MyD88) and interferon-β adapter inducer containing the toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain (TRIF). MyD88-mediated signaling triggers a proinflammatory innate immune response, while TRIF-mediated signaling leads to an adaptive immune response. Most studies have used lipopolysaccharide-based ligands as TLR4 ligand-based adjuvants; however, although protein-based ligands have been proven advantageous as adjuvants, their mechanisms of action, including their ability to undergo structural modifications to achieve optimal immunogenicity, have been explored less thoroughly. In this work, we characterized the effects of two protein-based adjuvants (PBAs) on TLR4 signaling via the recruitment of MyD88 and TRIF. As models of TLR4-PBAs, we used hemocyanin from Fissurella latimarginata (FLH) and a recombinant surface immunogenic protein (rSIP) from Streptococcus agalactiae. We determined that rSIP and FLH are partial TLR4 agonists, and depending on the protein agonist used, TLR4 has a unique bias toward the TRIF or MyD88 pathway. Furthermore, when characterizing gene products with MyD88 and TRIF pathway-dependent expression, differences in TLR4-associated signaling were observed. rSIP and FLH require MyD88 and TRIF to activate nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor (IRF). However, rSIP and FLH have a specific pattern of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) secretion associated with MyD88 and TRIF recruitment. Functionally, rSIP and FLH promote antigen cross-presentation in a manner dependent on TLR4, MyD88 and TRIF signaling. However, FLH activates a specific TRIF-dependent signaling pathway associated with cytokine expression and a pathway dependent on MyD88 and TRIF recruitment for antigen cross-presentation. Finally, this work supports the use of these TLR4-PBAs as clinically useful vaccine adjuvants that selectively activate TRIF- and MyD88-dependent signaling to drive safe innate immune responses and vigorous Th1 adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Díaz-Dinamarca
- Sección de Biotecnología, Subdepartamento, Innovación, Desarrollo, Transferencia Tecnológica (I+D+T) y Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias (ETESA), Instituto de Salud Pública, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michelle L. Salazar
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel F. Escobar
- Sección de Biotecnología, Subdepartamento, Innovación, Desarrollo, Transferencia Tecnológica (I+D+T) y Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias (ETESA), Instituto de Salud Pública, Santiago, Chile
| | - Byron N. Castillo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastián Valdebenito
- Sección de Biotecnología, Subdepartamento, Innovación, Desarrollo, Transferencia Tecnológica (I+D+T) y Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias (ETESA), Instituto de Salud Pública, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Díaz
- Sección de Biotecnología, Subdepartamento, Innovación, Desarrollo, Transferencia Tecnológica (I+D+T) y Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias (ETESA), Instituto de Salud Pública, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Fabián Salazar
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile
- Investigación y Desarrollo, BIOSONDA S.A., Santiago, Chile
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Mayarling F. Troncoso
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Janepsy Díaz
- Departamento Agencia Nacional de Dispositivos Médicos, Innovación y Desarrollo, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Inés Becker
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile
- Investigación y Desarrollo, BIOSONDA S.A., Santiago, Chile
| | - Abel E. Vásquez
- Sección de Biotecnología, Subdepartamento, Innovación, Desarrollo, Transferencia Tecnológica (I+D+T) y Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias (ETESA), Instituto de Salud Pública, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile
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Valdebenito B, Tullume-Vergara PO, González W, Kreth J, Giacaman RA. In silico analysis of the competition between Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus mutans in the dental biofilm. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:168-180. [PMID: 29237244 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
During dental caries, the dental biofilm modifies the composition of the hundreds of involved bacterial species. Changing environmental conditions influence competition. A pertinent model to exemplify the complex interplay of the microorganisms in the human dental biofilm is the competition between Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus mutans. It has been reported that children and adults harbor greater numbers of S. sanguinis in the oral cavity, associated with caries-free teeth. Conversely, S. mutans is predominant in individuals with a high number of carious lesions. Competition between both microorganisms stems from the production of H2 O2 by S. sanguinis and mutacins, a type of bacteriocins, by S. mutans. There is limited evidence on how S. sanguinis survives its own H2 O2 levels, or if it has other mechanisms that might aid in the competition against S. mutans, nonetheless. We performed a genomic and metabolic pathway comparison, coupled with a comprehensive literature review, to better understand the competition between these two species. Results indicated that S. sanguinis can outcompete S. mutans by the production of an enzyme capable of metabolizing H2 O2 . S. mutans, however, lacks the enzyme and is susceptible to the peroxide from S. sanguinis. In addition, S. sanguinis can generate energy through gluconeogenesis and seems to have evolved different communication mechanisms, indicating that novel proteins may be responsible for intra-species communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Valdebenito
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM), University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - P O Tullume-Vergara
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Lambayeque, Peru
| | - W González
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM), University of Talca, Talca, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Talca, Chile
| | - J Kreth
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - R A Giacaman
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), University of Talca, Talca, Chile
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