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Cardoso R, Rios M, Carvalho D, Monteiro AS, Soares S, Abraldes JA, Gomes BB, Vilas-Boas JP, Fernandes RJ. Mechanics and Energetic Analysis of Rowing with Big Blades with Randall Foils. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:1043-1048. [PMID: 36452984 DOI: 10.1055/a-1990-9787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Empirical observations support that the addition of a plastic strip - also known as Randall foils - on the top edge of a rowing blade improves rowing efficiency during the cycle propulsive phase. The aim of the current study was to analyze the effect of using big blades with and without Randall foils on rowing performance. Twenty experienced rowers performed two 90 s tethered rowing bouts (with and without Randall foils) to assess their impact on force production and physiologic variables. All tests were randomized and a repeated measure design was used to compare experimental conditions. Higher values of peak and mean peak forces (479.4±134.7 vs. 423.2±153.0, d=0.83 and 376.5±101.4 vs. 337.1±113.3 N, d=0.68), peak oxygen uptake (47.9±7.5 vs. 45.3±7.3 mL∙kg-1∙min-1, d=0.19), peak blood lactate concentration (7.9±1.6 vs. 6.9±1.7 mmol∙L-1, d=0.16), blood lactate increasing speed (0.08±0.01 vs. 0.07±0.06 [(mmol·L-1)·s-1], d=0.27) and lactic anaerobic energy (27.4±7.9 vs. 23.4±8.1 kJ, d=0.23) were found for big blades with vs. without Randall foils, p<0.05. The current data suggest that the Randall foils can positively affect rowing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cardoso
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manoel Rios
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Carvalho
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Monteiro
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Soares
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Arturo Abraldes
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Movement Sciences and Sport, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Beatriz B Gomes
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Vilas-Boas
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J Fernandes
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Laia FD, da Silva MG, Gomes BB, dos Santos AC, da Silva NV, Pinheiro JP. The effectiveness of a cooling vest in post-exercise recovery in sprint kayaking elite male athletes. J Mens Health 2022. [DOI: 10.31083/j.jomh1808169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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França C, Gouveia ÉR, Coelho-E-Silva MJ, Gomes BB. A kinematic analysis of the basketball shot performance: impact of distance variation to the basket. Acta Bioeng Biomech 2022; 24:159-166. [PMID: 38314460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to examine the variation on the kinematic parameters in the basketball shot associated with the shooting distance. METHODS Twenty-seven female adolescent basketball players aged 12.1 ± 0.9 years completed 10 BS trials from a frontal position of 4.75 m and 5.75 m from the basket. Nine anatomical markers were placed on the participants' dominant side to assess the kinematic variables. The following variables were analyzed: angle, velocity, and height at ball release; centre of mass horizontal displacement and maximum height attained; maximum hip height and hip height at release; shoulder, elbow, and knee angular position and velocity at ball release; deepest knee flexion during the preparatory phase; the peak of the angular velocity of the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints. RESULTS At release, the angle decreased while velocity increased significantly at 5.75 m. During the release, greater shoulder flexion and increased joint (shoulder and knee) angular velocity were observed. The deepest knee flexion and the centre of mass horizontal dis- placement were accentuated at 5.75 m. The ball release occurred before the peak of the jump phase. CONCLUSIONS To compensate for the long ball trajectory to the basket, participants perform a set of adjustments in the body segmental organization to increase the ball veloc- ity at release. The coaches' feedback should focus on the shooting arm's positioning and in the jump phase (to jump as close to vertical as possible). Also, a consistent shooting technique should be acquired close to the basket before expanding the shooting range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia França
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
- LARSyS, Interactive Technologies Institute, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Élvio Rúbio Gouveia
- LARSyS, Interactive Technologies Institute, Funchal, Portugal
- University of Madeira, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Manuel J Coelho-E-Silva
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, CIDAF (uid/dtp/042143/2020), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz B Gomes
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, CIDAF (uid/dtp/042143/2020), Coimbra, Portugal
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de Azambuja G, Jorge CO, Gomes BB, Lourenço HR, Simabuco FM, Oliveira-Fusaro MCG. Regular swimming exercise prevented the acute and persistent mechanical muscle hyperalgesia by modulation of macrophages phenotypes and inflammatory cytokines via PPARγ receptors. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:462-476. [PMID: 33964434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Physically active individuals are less likely to develop chronic pain, and physical exercise is an established strategy to control inflammatory diseases. Here, we hypothesized that 1) peripheral pro-inflammatory macrophages phenotype contribute to predisposition of the musculoskeletal to chronic pain, and that 2) activation of PPARγ receptors, modulation of macrophage phenotypes and cytokines through physical exercise would prevent persistent muscle pain. We tested these hypotheses using swimming exercise, pharmacological and immunochemical techniques in a rodent model of persistent muscle hyperalgesia. Swimming prevented the persistent mechanical muscle hyperalgesia most likely through activation of PPARγ receptors, as well as activation of PPARγ receptors by 15d-PGJ2 and depletion of muscle macrophages in sedentary animals. Acute and persistent muscle hyperalgesia were characterized by an increase in pro-inflammatory macrophages phenotype, and swimming and the 15d-PGJ2 prevented this increase and increased anti-inflammatory macrophages phenotype. Finally, IL-1β concentration in muscle increased in the acute phase, which was also prevented by PPARγ receptors activation through swimming. Besides, swimming increased muscle concentration of IL-10 in both acute and chronic phases, but only in the persistent phase through PPARγ receptors. Our findings suggest physical exercise activates PPARγ receptors and increases anti-inflammatory responses in the muscle tissue by modulating macrophages phenotypes and cytokines, thereby preventing the establishment of persistent muscle hyperalgesia. These results further highlight the potential of physical exercise to prevent chronic muscle pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciana de Azambuja
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation Research, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carolina O Jorge
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation Research, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Beatriz B Gomes
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation Research, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Hayla R Lourenço
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation Research, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory in Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
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França C, Gomes BB, Gouveia ÉR, Ihle A, Coelho-E-Silva MJ. The Jump Shot Performance in Youth Basketball: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18063283. [PMID: 33810053 PMCID: PMC8005190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: The basketball jump shot (JS) is consensually considered as a high-complexity specific motor skill, with a complex teaching and learning processes involved. The aim of this paper was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the JS performance among youth basketball players. Methods: The data search was made according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) in the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus and Sportdiscus databases until March 2021. Results: The results suggest that JS performance of youth basketball players is influenced by (i) distance to the basket, (ii) fatigue, (iii) presence of a defender and (iv) visual information available. Conclusion: This research emphasizes the crucial need for players and coaches to promote training situations matching the game reality to develop successful shooting performance of youth basketball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia França
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, CIDAF, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.B.G.); (M.J.C.-E.-S.)
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Beatriz B. Gomes
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, CIDAF, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.B.G.); (M.J.C.-E.-S.)
| | - Élvio Rúbio Gouveia
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel J. Coelho-E-Silva
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, CIDAF, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.B.G.); (M.J.C.-E.-S.)
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Gomes BB, Ramos NV, Conceição F, Sanders R, Vaz M, Vilas-Boas JP. Paddling time parameters and paddling efficiency with the increase in stroke rate in kayaking. Sports Biomech 2020; 21:1303-1311. [DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1789204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz B. Gomes
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno V. Ramos
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Conceição
- Faculty of Sports, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ross Sanders
- Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mário Vaz
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Vilas-Boas
- Faculty of Sports, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Gomes BB, Machado L, Ramos NV, Conceição FAV, Sanders RH, Vaz MAP, Vilas-Boas JP, Pendergast DR. Effect of wetted surface area on friction, pressure, wave and total drag of a kayak. Sports Biomech 2017; 17:453-461. [PMID: 29160152 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2017.1357748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Using theoretical principles, the components of drag (friction D F, pressure D PR and wave D W) of a single-seat kayak were analysed. The purpose was to examine the effect of changes in wetted surface area due to changes in kayaker's weight and the relative contribution of D F, D PR and D W to the total passive drag as function of velocity. The total passive drag values were based on experimental data collected in a single-seat kayak. Three different kayaker simulated weights were tested - 65, 75 and 85 kg. D F was the drag component that contributed the greatest percentage (between 60 and 68% at 5.56 m/s the top velocity tested) to the total passive drag for all the velocities tested and simulated weights. D W was the most affected by the increase in kayaker's simulated weight, mainly when comparing 65/75 to 85 kg. Results support the importance of a kayak design selection that minimises the kayak's drag for the individual weight of the kayaker. Also, the results suggest that the path for better hydrodynamic kayak performance should seek changes that can reduce D F, D PR and D W with D F offering the most potential to reduce passive drag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz B Gomes
- a Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Leandro Machado
- b Faculty of Sports, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport,Porto Biomechanics Laboratory , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Nuno V Ramos
- c Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto Biomechanics Laboratory , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Filipe A V Conceição
- b Faculty of Sports, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport,Porto Biomechanics Laboratory , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Ross H Sanders
- d Faculty of Health Sciences, Exercise and Sport Science , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Mário A P Vaz
- c Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto Biomechanics Laboratory , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - João Paulo Vilas-Boas
- b Faculty of Sports, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport,Porto Biomechanics Laboratory , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - David R Pendergast
- e Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences , University at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
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Gomes BB, Conceição FAV, Pendergast DR, Sanders RH, Vaz MAP, Vilas-Boas JP. Is passive drag dependent on the interaction of kayak design and paddler weight in flat-water kayaking? Sports Biomech 2015; 14:394-403. [PMID: 26625300 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2015.1090475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Drag is one of the major factors that influences kayaking performance. To focus on the drag of the kayak's hull shape and the paddlers' weight per se, the passive drag (Dp) was measured on a flat-water sprint course for one paddler with added weights. Dp was measured by an electromechanical towing device using a load cell, at incremental and constant velocities from 2.78 to 5.56 m/s. Three kayaks of different sizes and shapes (Nelo® K1 Quattro-M, ML, and L) were used and the paddlers' body weight was adjusted with weights so the total paddler weight in the kayak was 65, 75, and 85 kg. The mean Dp increased by the power function of D = kv(n) (mean R(2) = .990; SD .006). The Dp went from 21.37 ± 1.29 N at 2.78 m/s to 89.32 ± 6.43 N at 5.56 m/s. For the two lighter weighted kayaks (65 and 75 kg), the lowest Dp was observed with different kayak sizes (M, ML, or L) depending on the target velocity. The manufacturers suggest that paddlers should select a kayak size according to their body weight to minimise drag; however, the results of this study suggest that target velocities, and thus competition distance should also be factored into kayak selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz B Gomes
- a Faculty of Sports , Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Filipe A V Conceição
- a Faculty of Sports , Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - David R Pendergast
- b School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Physiology , University at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Ross H Sanders
- c Faculty of Health Sciences, Exercise and Sport Science , The University of Sydney , Lidcombe , NSW , Australia
| | - Mário A P Vaz
- d Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP) , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - João Paulo Vilas-Boas
- a Faculty of Sports , Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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