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Ntaios G, Georgiopoulos G, Perlepe K, Sirimarco G, Strambo D, Eskandari A, Nannoni S, Vemmou A, Koroboki E, Manios E, Rodríguez-Campello A, Cuadrado-Godia E, Roquer J, Arnao V, Caso V, Paciaroni M, Diez-Tejedor E, Fuentes B, Rodríguez Pardo J, Sánchez-Velasco S, Arauz A, Ameriso SF, Pertierra L, Gómez-Schneider M, Hawkes MA, Barboza MA, Chavarria Cano B, Iglesias Mohedano AM, García Pastor A, Gil-Núñez A, Putaala J, Tatlisumak T, Karagkiozi E, Papavasileiou V, Makaritsis K, Bandini F, Vemmos K, Michel P. A tool to identify patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source at high recurrence risk. Neurology 2019; 93:e2094-e2104. [PMID: 31662492 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A tool to stratify the risk of stroke recurrence in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) could be useful in research and clinical practice. We aimed to determine whether a score can be developed and externally validated for the identification of patients with ESUS at high risk for stroke recurrence. METHODS We pooled the data of all consecutive patients with ESUS from 11 prospective stroke registries. We performed multivariable Cox regression analysis to identify predictors of stroke recurrence. Based on the coefficient of each covariate of the fitted multivariable model, we generated an integer-based point scoring system. We validated the score externally assessing its discrimination and calibration. RESULTS In 3 registries (884 patients) that were used as the derivation cohort, age, leukoaraiosis, and multiterritorial infarct were identified as independent predictors of stroke recurrence and were included in the final score, which assigns 1 point per every decade after 35 years of age, 2 points for leukoaraiosis, and 3 points for multiterritorial infarcts (acute or old nonlacunar). The rate of stroke recurrence was 2.1 per 100 patient-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44-3.06) in patients with a score of 0-4 (low risk), 3.74 (95% CI 2.77-5.04) in patients with a score of 5-6 (intermediate risk), and 8.23 (95% CI 5.99-11.3) in patients with a score of 7-12 (high risk). Compared to low-risk patients, the risk of stroke recurrence was significantly higher in intermediate-risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.78, 95% CI 1.1-2.88) and high-risk patients (HR 4.67, 95% CI 2.83-7.7). The score was well-calibrated in both derivation and external validation cohorts (8 registries, 820 patients) (Hosmer-Lemeshow test χ2: 12.1 [p = 0.357] and χ2: 21.7 [p = 0.753], respectively). The area under the curve of the score was 0.63 (95% CI 0.58-0.68) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.54-0.66), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The proposed score can assist in the identification of patients with ESUS at high risk for stroke recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Ntaios
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy.
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Kalliopi Perlepe
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Gaia Sirimarco
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Davide Strambo
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Ashraf Eskandari
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Stefania Nannoni
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Anastasia Vemmou
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Eleni Koroboki
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Efstathios Manios
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Campello
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Elisa Cuadrado-Godia
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Jaume Roquer
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Valentina Arnao
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Valeria Caso
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Exuperio Diez-Tejedor
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Blanca Fuentes
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Jorge Rodríguez Pardo
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Sara Sánchez-Velasco
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Antonio Arauz
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Sebastian F Ameriso
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Lucía Pertierra
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Maia Gómez-Schneider
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Maximiliano A Hawkes
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Miguel A Barboza
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Beatriz Chavarria Cano
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Ana Maria Iglesias Mohedano
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Andrés García Pastor
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Antonio Gil-Núñez
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Jukka Putaala
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Efstathia Karagkiozi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Vasileios Papavasileiou
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Makaritsis
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Fabio Bandini
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Vemmos
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Patrik Michel
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
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Ntaios G, Lip GYH, Lambrou D, Michel P, Perlepe K, Eskandari A, Nannoni S, Sirimarco G, Strambo D, Vemmos K, Koroboki E, Manios E, Vemmou A, Rodríguez-Campello A, Cuadrado-Godia E, Roquer J, Arnao V, Caso V, Paciaroni M, Diez-Tejedor E, Fuentes B, Rodríguez Pardo J, Arauz A, Ameriso SF, Pertierra L, Gómez-Schneider M, Hawkes MA, Bandini F, Chavarria Cano B, Mohedano AMI, García Pastor A, Gil-Núñez A, Putaala J, Tatlisumak T, Barboza MA, Karagkiozi E, Makaritsis K, Papavasileiou V. Renal Function and Risk Stratification of Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source. Stroke 2019; 49:2904-2909. [PMID: 30571398 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.023281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- We aimed to assess if renal function can aid in risk stratification for ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) recurrence and death in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). Methods- We pooled 12 ESUS datasets from Europe and America. Renal function was evaluated using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and analyzed in continuous, binary, and categorical way. Cox-regression analyses assessed if renal function was independently associated with the risk for ischemic stroke/TIA recurrence and death. The Kaplan-Meier product limit method estimated the cumulative probability of ischemic stroke/TIA recurrence and death. Results- In 1530 patients with ESUS followed for 3260 patient-years, there were 237 recurrences (15.9%) and 201 deaths (13.4%), corresponding to 7.3 ischemic stroke/TIA recurrences and 5.6 deaths per 100 patient-years, respectively. Renal function was not associated with the risk for ischemic stroke/TIA recurrence when forced into the final multivariate model, regardless if it was analyzed as continuous (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99-1.00 for every 1 mL/min), binary (hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.87-1.73) or categorical covariate (likelihood-ratio test 2.59, P=0.63 for stroke recurrence). The probability of ischemic stroke/TIA recurrence across stages of renal function was 11.9% for eGFR ≥90, 16.6% for eGFR 60-89, 21.7% for eGFR 45-59, 19.2% for eGFR 30-44, and 24.9% for eGFR <30 (likelihood-ratio test 2.59, P=0.63). The results were similar for the outcome of death. Conclusions- The present study is the largest pooled individual patient-level ESUS dataset, and does not provide evidence that renal function can be used to stratify the risk of ischemic stroke/TIA recurrence or death in patients with ESUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Ntaios
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N, D.L., K.P., A.V., E.K., V.P.)
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.).,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.).,Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark (G.Y.H.L.)
| | - Dimitris Lambrou
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N, D.L., K.P., A.V., E.K., V.P.)
| | - Patrik Michel
- Stroke Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (P.M., K.P., A.E., S.N., G.S., D.S.)
| | - Kalliopi Perlepe
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N, D.L., K.P., A.V., E.K., V.P.).,Stroke Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (P.M., K.P., A.E., S.N., G.S., D.S.)
| | - Ashraf Eskandari
- Stroke Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (P.M., K.P., A.E., S.N., G.S., D.S.)
| | - Stefania Nannoni
- Stroke Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (P.M., K.P., A.E., S.N., G.S., D.S.)
| | - Gaia Sirimarco
- Stroke Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (P.M., K.P., A.E., S.N., G.S., D.S.)
| | - Davide Strambo
- Stroke Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (P.M., K.P., A.E., S.N., G.S., D.S.)
| | | | - Eleni Koroboki
- First Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (E.K.).,Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (E.K.)
| | - Efstathios Manios
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece (E.M.)
| | - Anastasia Vemmou
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N, D.L., K.P., A.V., E.K., V.P.)
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Campello
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar. Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d' Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.)
| | - Elisa Cuadrado-Godia
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar. Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d' Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.)
| | - Jaume Roquer
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar. Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d' Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.)
| | - Valentina Arnao
- Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Italy (V.A., V.C., M.P.)
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Italy (V.A., V.C., M.P.)
| | | | - Exuperio Diez-Tejedor
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital - Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P.)
| | - Blanca Fuentes
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital - Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P.)
| | - Jorge Rodríguez Pardo
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital - Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P.)
| | - Antonio Arauz
- Stroke Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico (A.A.)
| | - Sebastian F Ameriso
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.)
| | - Lucía Pertierra
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.)
| | - Maia Gómez-Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.)
| | - Maximiliano A Hawkes
- Department of Neurology, Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (M.A.H.)
| | | | - Beatriz Chavarria Cano
- Department of Neurology, San Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.).,Vascular Neurology Section, Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.)
| | - Ana Maria Iglesias Mohedano
- Department of Neurology, San Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.).,Vascular Neurology Section, Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.)
| | - Andrés García Pastor
- Department of Neurology, San Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.)
| | - Antonio Gil-Núñez
- Department of Neurology, San Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.).,Vascular Neurology Section, Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.)
| | - Jukka Putaala
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland (J.P., T.T.)
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland (J.P., T.T.).,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.).,Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.)
| | - Miguel A Barboza
- Neurosciences Department, Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica (M.A.B.)
| | - Efstathia Karagkiozi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N, D.L., K.P., A.V., E.K., V.P.)
| | | | - Vasileios Papavasileiou
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N, D.L., K.P., A.V., E.K., V.P.).,Stroke Service, Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (V.P.)
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Ntaios G, Lip GYH, Vemmos K, Koroboki E, Manios E, Vemmou A, Rodríguez-Campello A, Cuadrado-Godia E, Roquer J, Arnao V, Caso V, Paciaroni M, Diez-Tejedor E, Fuentes B, Pérez Lucas J, Arauz A, Ameriso SF, Pertierra L, Gómez-Schneider M, Hawkes MA, Bandini F, Chavarria Cano B, Iglesias Mohedano AM, García Pastor A, Gil-Núñez A, Putaala J, Tatlisumak T, Barboza MA, Athanasakis G, Gioulekas F, Makaritsis K, Papavasileiou V. Age- and sex-specific analysis of patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source. Neurology 2017; 89:532-539. [PMID: 28687720 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the correlation of age and sex with the risk of recurrence and death seen in patients with previous ischemic stroke is also evident in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). METHODS We pooled datasets of 11 stroke registries from Europe and America. ESUS was defined according to the Cryptogenic Stroke/ESUS International Working Group. We performed Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier product limit analyses to investigate whether age (<60, 60-80, >80 years) and sex were independently associated with the risk for ischemic stroke/TIA recurrence or death. RESULTS Ischemic stroke/TIA recurrences and deaths per 100 patient-years were 2.46 and 1.01 in patients <60 years old, 5.76 and 5.23 in patients 60 to 80 years old, 7.88 and 11.58 in those >80 years old, 3.53 and 3.48 in women, and 4.49 and 3.98 in men, respectively. Female sex was not associated with increased risk for recurrent ischemic stroke/TIA (hazard ratio [HR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84-1.58) or death (HR 1.35, 95% CI 0.97-1.86). Compared with the group <60 years old, the 60- to 80- and >80-year groups had higher 10-year cumulative probability of recurrent ischemic stroke/TIA (14.0%, 47.9%, and 37.0%, respectively, p < 0.001) and death (6.4%, 40.6%, and 100%, respectively, p < 0.001) and higher risk for recurrent ischemic stroke/TIA (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.21-2.98 and HR 2.71, 95% CI 1.57-4.70, respectively) and death (HR 4.43, 95% CI 2.32-8.44 and HR 8.01, 95% CI 3.98-16.10, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Age, but not sex, is a strong predictor of stroke recurrence and death in ESUS. The risk is ≈3- and 8-fold higher in patients >80 years compared with those <60 years of age, respectively. The age distribution in the ongoing ESUS trials may potentially influence their power to detect a significant treatment association.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Ntaios
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK.
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Konstantinos Vemmos
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Eleni Koroboki
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Efstathios Manios
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Anastasia Vemmou
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Campello
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Elisa Cuadrado-Godia
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Jaume Roquer
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Valentina Arnao
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Valeria Caso
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Exuperio Diez-Tejedor
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Blanca Fuentes
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Josefa Pérez Lucas
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Antonio Arauz
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Sebastian F Ameriso
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Lucía Pertierra
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Maia Gómez-Schneider
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Maximiliano A Hawkes
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Fabio Bandini
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Beatriz Chavarria Cano
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Ana Maria Iglesias Mohedano
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Andrés García Pastor
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Antonio Gil-Núñez
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Jukka Putaala
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Miguel A Barboza
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - George Athanasakis
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Fotios Gioulekas
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Konstantinos Makaritsis
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Vasileios Papavasileiou
- From the Department of Medicine (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.), Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (G.Y.H.L.), City Hospital, UK; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.P.L.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.A.H.), Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Subdirectorate of Informatics (F.G.), Larissa General University Hospital, Greece; and Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK
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4
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Iglesias Mohedano AM, García Pastor A, Díaz Otero F, Vázquez Alen P, Vales Montero M, Luque Buzo E, Redondo Ráfales N, Chavarria Cano B, Fernández Bullido Y, Villanueva Osorio JA, Gil Núñez A. Efficacy of New Measures Saving Time in Acute Stroke Management: A Quantified Analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:1817-1823. [PMID: 28522232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time to treatment remains the most important factor in acute ischemic stroke prognosis. We quantified the effect of new interventions reducing in-hospital delays in acute stroke management and assessed its repercussion on door-to-imaging (DTI), imaging-to-needle (ITN), and door-to-needle (DTN) times. METHODS Prospective registry of consecutive stroke patients who were candidates for reperfusion therapy attended in a tertiary care hospital from February 1 to December 31, 2014. A series of measures aimed at reducing in-hospital delays were implemented. We compared DTI, ITN, and DTN times between patients who underwent the interventions and those who did not. RESULTS 231 patients. DTI time was lower when personal history was reviewed and tests were ordered before patient arrival (2.5 minutes saved, P = .016) and when electrocardiogram was not made (5.4 minutes saved, P < .001). Not performing a computed tomography angiography and not waiting for coagulation results from laboratory before intravenous thrombolysis (25.5%) reduced ITN time significantly (14 and 12 minutes saved, respectively, P < .001). These interventions remained as independent predictors of a shorter ITN and DTN time. Completing all steps resulted in the lowest DTI and ITN times (13 and 19 minutes, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Every measure is an important part of a chain focused on saving time in acute stroke: the lowest DTI and ITN times were obtained when all steps were completed. Measures shortening ITN time produced a greater impact on DTN time reduction; therefore, ITN interventions should be considered a critical part of new protocols and guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Iglesias Mohedano
- Neurology Department-Vascular Neurology Section, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andrés García Pastor
- Neurology Department-Vascular Neurology Section, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Díaz Otero
- Neurology Department-Vascular Neurology Section, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Vázquez Alen
- Neurology Department-Vascular Neurology Section, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Vales Montero
- Neurology Department-Vascular Neurology Section, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Luque Buzo
- Neurology Department-Vascular Neurology Section, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Redondo Ráfales
- Neurology Department-Vascular Neurology Section, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Chavarria Cano
- Neurology Department-Vascular Neurology Section, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Fernández Bullido
- Neurology Department-Vascular Neurology Section, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Gil Núñez
- Neurology Department-Vascular Neurology Section, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Ntaios G, Vemmos K, Lip GY, Koroboki E, Manios E, Vemmou A, Rodríguez-Campello A, Cuadrado-Godia E, Giralt-Steinhauer E, Arnao V, Caso V, Paciaroni M, Diez-Tejedor E, Fuentes B, Pérez Lucas J, Arauz A, Ameriso SF, Hawkes MA, Pertierra L, Gómez-Schneider M, Bandini F, Chavarria Cano B, Iglesias Mohedano AM, García Pastor A, Gil-Núñez A, Putaala J, Tatlisumak T, Barboza MA, Athanasakis G, Makaritsis K, Papavasileiou V. Risk Stratification for Recurrence and Mortality in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source. Stroke 2016; 47:2278-85. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.013713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
The risk of stroke recurrence in patients with Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (ESUS) is high, and the optimal antithrombotic strategy for secondary prevention is unclear. We investigated whether congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, and stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA; CHADS
2
) and CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc scores can stratify the long-term risk of ischemic stroke/TIA recurrence and death in ESUS.
Methods—
We pooled data sets of 11 stroke registries from Europe and America. ESUS was defined according to the Cryptogenic Stroke/ESUS International Working Group. Cox regression analyses were performed to investigate if prestroke CHADS
2
and congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke or TIA, vascular disease, age 65–74 years, sex category (CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc) scores were independently associated with the risk of ischemic stroke/TIA recurrence or death. The Kaplan–Meier product limit method was used to estimate the cumulative probability of ischemic stroke/TIA recurrence and death in different strata of the CHADS
2
and CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc scores.
Results—
One hundred fifty-nine (5.6% per year) ischemic stroke/TIA recurrences and 148 (5.2% per year) deaths occurred in 1095 patients (median age, 68 years) followed-up for a median of 31 months. Compared with CHADS
2
score 0, patients with CHADS
2
score 1 and CHADS
2
score >1 had higher risk of ischemic stroke/TIA recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 2.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41–4.00 and HR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.68–4.40, respectively) and death (HR, 3.58; 95% CI, 1.80–7.12, and HR, 5.45; 95% CI, 2.86–10.40, respectively). Compared with low-risk CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score, patients with high-risk CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score had higher risk of ischemic stroke/TIA recurrence (HR, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.94–5.80) and death (HR, 13.0; 95% CI, 4.7–35.4).
Conclusions—
The risk of recurrent ischemic stroke/TIA and death in ESUS is reliably stratified by CHADS
2
and CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc scores. Compared with the low-risk group, patients in the high-risk CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc group have much higher risk of ischemic stroke recurrence/TIA and death, approximately 3-fold and 13-fold, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Ntaios
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Konstantinos Vemmos
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Gregory Y.H. Lip
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Eleni Koroboki
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Efstathios Manios
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Anastasia Vemmou
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Campello
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Elisa Cuadrado-Godia
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Eva Giralt-Steinhauer
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Valentina Arnao
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Valeria Caso
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Exuperio Diez-Tejedor
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Blanca Fuentes
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Josefa Pérez Lucas
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Antonio Arauz
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Sebastian F. Ameriso
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Maximiliano A. Hawkes
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Lucía Pertierra
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Maia Gómez-Schneider
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Fabio Bandini
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Beatriz Chavarria Cano
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Ana Maria Iglesias Mohedano
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Andrés García Pastor
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Antonio Gil-Núñez
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Jukka Putaala
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Miguel A. Barboza
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - George Athanasakis
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Konstantinos Makaritsis
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
| | - Vasileios Papavasileiou
- From the Department of Medicine, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., V.P.); Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece (K.V., E.K., E.M., A.V.); University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar
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