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Ivcevic Z, Shen S, Lin S, Cheng D, Probasco R, Silbermann B, Zhang F, Lin X, Brackett M. Daily positive and negative affect during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1239123. [PMID: 38259529 PMCID: PMC10800618 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1239123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic influenced emotional experiences globally. We examined daily positive and negative affect between May/June 2020 and February 2021 (N = 151,049; 3,509,982 observations) using a convenience sample from a national mobile application-based survey that asked for daily affect reports. Four questions were examined: (1) How did people in the United States feel from May/June 2020 to February 2021?; (2) What demographic variables are related to positive and negative affect?; (3) What is the relationship between experienced stressors and daily affect?; and (4) What is the relationship between daily affect and preventive behavior? Positive affect increased, and negative decreased over time. Demographic differences mirrored those from before the pandemic (e.g., younger participants reported more negative and less positive affect). Stressors such as feeling unwell, experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, exposure to COVID-19, and lack of sleep were associated with less positive and more negative affect. Exercising protective behaviors predicted future affect, and affect also predicted future protective behaviors (e.g., less protective behavior when happy but more when grateful and thoughtful). The implications for public health communication were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorana Ivcevic
- Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shuting Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shengjie Lin
- Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David Cheng
- The How We Feel Project, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ryan Probasco
- The How We Feel Project, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ben Silbermann
- The How We Feel Project, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Feng Zhang
- The How We Feel Project, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- The How We Feel Project, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Marc Brackett
- Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, New Haven, CT, United States
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McCabe SD, Hammershaimb EA, Cheng D, Shi A, Shyr D, Shen S, Cole LD, Cataldi JR, Allen W, Probasco R, Silbermann B, Zhang F, Marsh R, Travassos MA, Lin X. Unraveling attributes of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake in the U.S.: a large nationwide study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8360. [PMID: 37225748 PMCID: PMC10209066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are useful tools to combat the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, but vaccine reluctance threatens these vaccines' effectiveness. To address COVID-19 vaccine reluctance and ensure equitable distribution, understanding the extent of and factors associated with vaccine acceptance and uptake is critical. We report the results of a large nationwide study in the US conducted December 2020-May 2021 of 36,711 users from COVID-19-focused smartphone-based app How We Feel on their willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. We identified sociodemographic and behavioral factors that were associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake, and we found several vulnerable groups at increased risk of COVID-19 burden, morbidity, and mortality were more likely to be reluctant to accept a vaccine and had lower rates of vaccination. Our findings highlight specific populations in which targeted efforts to develop education and outreach programs are needed to overcome poor vaccine acceptance and improve equitable access, diversity, and inclusion in the national response to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D McCabe
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Adrianne Hammershaimb
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Cheng
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
| | - Andy Shi
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derek Shyr
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuting Shen
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lyndsey D Cole
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Jessica R Cataldi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - William Allen
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Feng Zhang
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Regan Marsh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Partners in Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Travassos
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA.
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Xihong Lin
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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McCabe SD, Hammershaimb EA, Cheng D, Shi A, Shyr D, Shen S, Cole LD, Cataldi JR, Allen W, Probasco R, Silbermann B, Zhang F, Marsh R, Travassos MA, Lin X. Unraveling Attributes of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake in the U.S.: A Large Nationwide Study. medRxiv 2021:2021.04.05.21254918. [PMID: 33851172 PMCID: PMC8043469 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.05.21254918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are powerful tools to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, but vaccine hesitancy threatens these vaccines’ effectiveness. To address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and ensure equitable distribution, understanding the extent of and factors associated with vaccine acceptance and uptake is critical. We report the results of a large nationwide study conducted December 2020-May 2021 of 34,470 users from COVID-19-focused smartphone-based app How We Feel on their willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Nineteen percent of respondents expressed vaccine hesitancy, the majority being undecided. Of those who were undecided or unlikely to get a COVID-19 vaccine, 86% reported they ultimately did receive a COVID-19 vaccine. We identified sociodemographic and behavioral factors that were associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake, and we found several vulnerable groups at increased risk of COVID-19 burden, morbidity, and mortality were more likely to be vaccine hesitant and had lower rates of vaccination. Our findings highlight specific populations in which targeted efforts to develop education and outreach programs are needed to overcome vaccine hesitancy and improve equitable access, diversity, and inclusion in the national response to COVID-19.
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Allen WE, Altae-Tran H, Briggs J, Jin X, McGee G, Shi A, Raghavan R, Kamariza M, Nova N, Pereta A, Danford C, Kamel A, Gothe P, Milam E, Aurambault J, Primke T, Li W, Inkenbrandt J, Huynh T, Chen E, Lee C, Croatto M, Bentley H, Lu W, Murray R, Travassos M, Coull BA, Openshaw J, Greene CS, Shalem O, King G, Probasco R, Cheng DR, Silbermann B, Zhang F, Lin X. Population-scale longitudinal mapping of COVID-19 symptoms, behaviour and testing. Nat Hum Behav 2020; 4:972-982. [PMID: 32848231 PMCID: PMC7501153 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-020-00944-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widespread implementation of public health measures, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread in the United States. To facilitate an agile response to the pandemic, we developed How We Feel, a web and mobile application that collects longitudinal self-reported survey responses on health, behaviour and demographics. Here, we report results from over 500,000 users in the United States from 2 April 2020 to 12 May 2020. We show that self-reported surveys can be used to build predictive models to identify likely COVID-19-positive individuals. We find evidence among our users for asymptomatic or presymptomatic presentation; show a variety of exposure, occupational and demographic risk factors for COVID-19 beyond symptoms; reveal factors for which users have been SARS-CoV-2 PCR tested; and highlight the temporal dynamics of symptoms and self-isolation behaviour. These results highlight the utility of collecting a diverse set of symptomatic, demographic, exposure and behavioural self-reported data to fight the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Allen
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA.
- Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Han Altae-Tran
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James Briggs
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Schmidt Science Fellows, Oxford, UK
| | - Xin Jin
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
- Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Glen McGee
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andy Shi
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rumya Raghavan
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Health Sciences and Technology Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mireille Kamariza
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
- Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Nova
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Amine Kamel
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Weijie Li
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
| | | | - Tuan Huynh
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
| | - Evan Chen
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Wendy Lu
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
| | | | - Mark Travassos
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Openshaw
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Casey S Greene
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ophir Shalem
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gary King
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA
- Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor, Institute for Quantitative Social Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Feng Zhang
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - Xihong Lin
- The How We Feel Project, San Leandro, CA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Allen WE, Altae-Tran H, Briggs J, Jin X, McGee G, Raghavan R, Shi A, Kamariza M, Nova N, Pereta A, Danford C, Kamel A, Gothe P, Milam E, Aurambault J, Primke T, Li C, Inkenbrandt J, Huynh T, Chen E, Lee C, Croatto M, Bentley H, Lu W, Murray R, Travassos M, Openshaw J, Coull B, Greene C, Shalem O, King G, Probasco R, Cheng D, Silbermann B, Zhang F, Lin X. Population-scale Longitudinal Mapping of COVID-19 Symptoms, Behavior, and Testing Identifies Contributors to Continued Disease Spread in the United States. medRxiv 2020:2020.06.09.20126813. [PMID: 32577674 PMCID: PMC7302230 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.09.20126813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite social distancing and shelter-in-place policies, COVID-19 continues to spread in the United States. A lack of timely information about factors influencing COVID-19 spread and testing has hampered agile responses to the pandemic. We developed How We Feel, an extensible web and mobile application that aggregates self-reported survey responses, to fill gaps in the collection of COVID-19-related data. How We Feel collects longitudinal and geographically localized information on users' health, behavior, and demographics. Here we report results from over 500,000 users in the United States from April 2, 2020 to May 12, 2020. We show that self- reported surveys can be used to build predictive models of COVID-19 test results, which may aid in identification of likely COVID-19 positive individuals. We find evidence among our users for asymptomatic or presymptomatic presentation, as well as for household and community exposure, occupation, and demographics being strong risk factors for COVID-19. We further reveal factors for which users have been SARS-CoV-2 PCR tested, as well as the temporal dynamics of self- reported symptoms and self-isolation behavior in positive and negative users. These results highlight the utility of collecting a diverse set of symptomatic, demographic, and behavioral self- reported data to fight the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Raguin G, Chêne G, Morand-Joubert L, Taburet AM, Droz C, Le Tiec C, Clavel F, Girard PM, Rozenbaum W, Naït-Ighil L, Nguyen TH, Slama L, Girard PM, Molina JM, Sereni D, Colin de Verdière N, Lascoux-Combes C, Pintado C, Ponscarme D, Prevoteau de Clary F, Tourneur M, Bentata M, Guillevin L, Launay O, Mansouri R, Rouges F, Kazatchkine M, Aouba A, Azizi M, Fiessinger JN, Le Houssine P, Sicard D, Bernasconi C, Salmon D, Silbermann B, Cassuto JP, Ceppi C, Poiree D, Raguin G, Merad M, Delfraissy JF, Goujard C, Quertainmont Y, Perronne C, de Truchis P, Dupont B, Bresson JL, Calatroni I, Raffi F, Esnault JL, Leautez S. Salvage Therapy with Amprenavir, Lopinavir and Ritonavir 200 Mg/D or 400 Mg/D in HIV-Infected Patients in Virological Failure. Antivir Ther 2004. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350400900407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To compare the antiviral efficacy of a salvage therapy combining lopinavir and amprenavir with 200 mg/d or 400 mg/d ritonavir, together with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, over a 26-week period in HIV-infected patients in whom multiple anti-retroviral regimens had failed. Design Phase IIb, randomized, open-label, multicentre trial. Patients were eligible if they had <500 CD4+ cells/mm3 and >4 log10 copies/ml HIV-RNA after treatment with at least two protease inhibitors (PIs) and one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Results At baseline ( n=37), the median CD4+ cell count was 207/mm3 and the median plasma HIV-1 RNA level was 4.7 log10 copies/ml; the median number of PI mutations was seven and the median decrease in phenotypic susceptibility to lopinavir and amprenavir was 9.7 and 2.6, respectively. The mean number of antiretrovirals received prior to randomization was 7.7. The fall in the median HIV-1 RNA level at week 26 was -1.4 log10 copies/ml in the 200 mg/d ritonavir group and -2.5 log10 copies/ml in the 400 mg/d group ( P=0.02). Viral load fell below 50 copies/ml in 32% and 61% of patients, respectively ( P=0.07). After adjustment for the ritonavir dose, a smaller number of PI mutations was the only baseline characteristic associated with a better virological response at week 26. Amprenavir concentrations were significantly lower in presence of lopinavir. The lopinavir inhibitory quotient at week 6 correlated weakly with the change in the HIV-RNA level at week 26. Conclusion Combination of amprenavir, lopinavir and 400 mg/d ritonavir shows significant virological efficacy without increased toxicity in HIV-infected patients in whom multiple antiretroviral regimens have failed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilles Raguin
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Departement de Medecine, Hôpital Croix-St-Simon, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Chêne
- Inserm U593, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Cécile Droz
- Inserm U593, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
| | - Clotilde Le Tiec
- Service de Pharmacie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - François Clavel
- Inserm U552, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Girard
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A Aouba
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris
| | - M Azizi
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - G Raguin
- Hôpital de la Croix Saint Simon Paris
| | - M Merad
- Hôpital de la Croix Saint Simon Paris
| | | | - C Goujard
- Hôpital de Bicêtre Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
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8
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Silbermann B, Yousry C, Salmon-Céron D. [HIV protease inhibitors]. Ann Med Interne (Paris) 2000; 151:268-77. [PMID: 10922954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Silbermann
- Service de Médecine Interne 2, Hôpital Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris
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