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Williamson KM, Butler M, Elton B, Taylor J, Islam F, Douglas MP, Kirk MD, Durrheim DN. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant from an infected aircrew member on a short-haul domestic flight, Australia 2021. J Travel Med 2022; 29:6854865. [PMID: 36448584 PMCID: PMC9793396 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taac144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In June 2021, when COVID-19 incidence in Australia was low, a COVID-19 (Delta variant) cluster occurred on an 81-minute domestic flight, with an aircrew member as the likely source. Outbreak investigation demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 may be transmitted during short-haul flights and that mask use protected against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Williamson
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Michelle Butler
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Benjamin Elton
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Joanne Taylor
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Fakhrul Islam
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Michael P Douglas
- Public Health Response Branch, New South Wales Ministry of Health, Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martyn D Kirk
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - David N Durrheim
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
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3
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Nathan N, Hall A, McCarthy N, Sutherland R, Wiggers J, Bauman AE, Rissel C, Naylor PJ, Cradock A, Lane C, Hope K, Elton B, Shoesmith A, Oldmeadow C, Reeves P, Gillham K, Duggan B, Boyer J, Lecathelinais C, Wolfenden L. Multi-strategy intervention increases school implementation and maintenance of a mandatory physical activity policy: outcomes of a cluster randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 2021; 56:385-393. [PMID: 34039583 PMCID: PMC8938653 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To assess if a multi-strategy intervention effectively increased weekly minutes of structured physical activity (PA) implemented by classroom teachers at 12 months and 18 months. Methods A cluster randomised controlled trial with 61 primary schools in New South Wales Australia. The 12-month multi-strategy intervention included; centralised technical assistance, ongoing consultation, principal’s mandated change, identifying and preparing school champions, development of implementation plans, educational outreach visits and provision of educational materials. Control schools received usual support (guidelines for policy development via education department website and telephone support). Weekly minutes of structured PA implemented by classroom teachers (primary outcome) was measured via teacher completion of a daily log-book at baseline (October–December 2017), 12-month (October–December 2018) and 18-month (April–June 2019). Data were analysed using linear mixed effects regression models. Results Overall, 400 class teachers at baseline, 403 at 12 months follow-up and 391 at 18 months follow-up provided valid primary outcome data. From baseline to 12-month follow-up, teachers at intervention schools recorded a greater increase in weekly minutes of PA implemented than teachers assigned to the control schools by approximately 44.2 min (95% CI 32.8 to 55.7; p<0.001) which remained at 18 months, however, the effect size was smaller at 27.1 min (95% CI 15.5 to 38.6; p≤0.001). Conclusion A multi-strategy intervention increased mandatory PA policy implementation. Some, but not all of this improvement was maintained after implementation support concluded. Further research should assess the impact of scale-up strategies on the sustainability of PA policy implementation over longer time periods. Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617001265369).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Nathan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia .,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alix Hall
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole McCarthy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Wiggers
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrian E Bauman
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Rissel
- Centre for Health Advancement, NSW Health, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patt-Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Heal, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angie Cradock
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cassandra Lane
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirsty Hope
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin Elton
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam Shoesmith
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Penny Reeves
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Gillham
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernadette Duggan
- Catholic Schools Office Diocese of Maitland-Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Boyer
- School Sport Unit, NSW Department of Education, Turrella, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christophe Lecathelinais
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
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4
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McCrabb S, Mooney K, Elton B, Grady A, Yoong SL, Wolfenden L. How to optimise public health interventions: a scoping review of guidance from optimisation process frameworks. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1849. [PMID: 33267844 PMCID: PMC7709329 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09950-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Optimisation processes have the potential to rapidly improve the impact of health interventions. Optimisation can be defined as a deliberate, iterative and data-driven process to improve a health intervention and/or its implementation to meet stakeholder-defined public health impacts within resource constraints. This study aimed to identify frameworks used to optimise the impact of health interventions and/or their implementation, and characterise the key concepts, steps or processes of identified frameworks. Methods A scoping review of MEDLINE, CINAL, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source databases was undertaken. Two reviewers independently coded the key concepts, steps or processes involved in each frameworks, and identified if it was a framework aimed to optimise interventions or their implementation. Two review authors then identified the common steps across included frameworks. Results Twenty optimisation frameworks were identified. Eight frameworks were for optimising interventions, 11 for optimising implementation and one covered both intervention and implementation optimisation. The mean number of steps within the frameworks was six (range 3–9). Almost half (n = 8) could be classified as both linear and cyclic frameworks, indicating that some steps may occur multiple times in a single framework. Two meta-frameworks are proposed, one for intervention optimisation and one for implementation strategy optimisation. Steps for intervention optimisation are: Problem identification; Preparation; Theoretical/Literature base; Pilot/Feasibility testing; Optimisation; Evaluation; and Long-term implementation. Steps for implementation strategy optimisation are: Problem identification; Collaborate; Plan/design; Pilot; Do/change; Study/evaluate/check; Act; Sustain/endure; and Disseminate/extend. Conclusions This review provides a useful summary of the common steps followed to optimise a public health intervention or its implementation according to established frameworks. Further opportunities to study and/or validate such frameworks and their impact on improving outcomes exist. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-020-09950-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam McCrabb
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, 1 University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Kaitlin Mooney
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, 1 University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Benjamin Elton
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia
| | - Alice Grady
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, 1 University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia
| | - Sze Lin Yoong
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, 1 University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, 1 University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia
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