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Bernard L, Arvieux C, Brunschweiler B, Touchais S, Ansart S, Bru JP, Oziol E, Boeri C, Gras G, Druon J, Rosset P, Senneville E, Bentayeb H, Bouhour D, Le Moal G, Michon J, Aumaître H, Forestier E, Laffosse JM, Begué T, Chirouze C, Dauchy FA, Devaud E, Martha B, Burgot D, Boutoille D, Stindel E, Dinh A, Bemer P, Giraudeau B, Issartel B, Caille A. Antibiotic Therapy for 6 or 12 Weeks for Prosthetic Joint Infection. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:1991-2001. [PMID: 34042388 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of prosthetic joint infection usually consists of a combination of surgery and antimicrobial therapy. The appropriate duration of antimicrobial therapy for this indication remains unclear. METHODS We performed an open-label, randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial to compare 6 weeks with 12 weeks of antibiotic therapy in patients with microbiologically confirmed prosthetic joint infection that had been managed with an appropriate surgical procedure. The primary outcome was persistent infection (defined as the persistence or recurrence of infection with the initial causative bacteria, with an antibiotic susceptibility pattern that was phenotypically indistinguishable from that at enrollment) within 2 years after the completion of antibiotic therapy. Noninferiority of 6 weeks of therapy to 12 weeks of therapy would be shown if the upper boundary of the 95% confidence interval for the absolute between-group difference (the value in the 6-week group minus the value in the 12-week group) in the percentage of patients with persistent infection within 2 years was not greater than 10 percentage points. RESULTS A total of 410 patients from 28 French centers were randomly assigned to receive antibiotic therapy for 6 weeks (205 patients) or for 12 weeks (205 patients). Six patients who withdrew consent were not included in the analysis. In the main analysis, 20 patients who died during follow-up were excluded, and missing outcomes for 6 patients who were lost to follow-up were considered to be persistent infection. Persistent infection occurred in 35 of 193 patients (18.1%) in the 6-week group and in 18 of 191 patients (9.4%) in the 12-week group (risk difference, 8.7 percentage points; 95% confidence interval, 1.8 to 15.6); thus, noninferiority was not shown. Noninferiority was also not shown in the per-protocol and sensitivity analyses. We found no evidence of between-group differences in the percentage of patients with treatment failure due to a new infection, probable treatment failure, or serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with microbiologically confirmed prosthetic joint infections that were managed with standard surgical procedures, antibiotic therapy for 6 weeks was not shown to be noninferior to antibiotic therapy for 12 weeks and resulted in a higher percentage of patients with unfavorable outcomes. (Funded by Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique, French Ministry of Health; DATIPO ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01816009.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Bernard
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Cédric Arvieux
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Benoit Brunschweiler
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Sophie Touchais
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Séverine Ansart
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bru
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Eric Oziol
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Cyril Boeri
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Guillaume Gras
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Jérôme Druon
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Philippe Rosset
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Eric Senneville
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Houcine Bentayeb
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Damien Bouhour
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Gwenaël Le Moal
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Jocelyn Michon
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Hugues Aumaître
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Emmanuel Forestier
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Jean-Michel Laffosse
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Thierry Begué
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Catherine Chirouze
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Fréderic-Antoine Dauchy
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Edouard Devaud
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Benoît Martha
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Denis Burgot
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - David Boutoille
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Eric Stindel
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Aurélien Dinh
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Pascale Bemer
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Bruno Giraudeau
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Bertrand Issartel
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
| | - Agnès Caille
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (L.B., G.G.), Orthopedic Unit (J.D., P.R.), and INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1415 (B.G., A.C.), University Hospital, and University of Tours and University of Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE (Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Health Research) Unité 1246 (B.G., A.C.), Tours, the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Rennes (C.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Amiens (B.B.), the Orthopedic Unit (S.T.), the Division of Infectious Diseases (D. Boutoille), and the Department of Bacteriology (P.B.), University Hospital, Nantes, the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.A.) and Orthopedic Unit (E. Stindel), University Hospital, Brest, the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Annecy (J.-P.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Beziers (E.O., H.A.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Strasbourg (C.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Tourcoing (E. Senneville), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Saint Quentin (H.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Bourg en Bresse (D. Bouhour), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Poitiers (G.L.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen (J.M.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chambery (E.F.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse (J.M.L.), the Orthopedic Unit, University Hospital, Clamart (T.B.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Besançon (C.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bordeaux (F.-A.D.), the Division of Internal Medicine, Pointoise Hospital, Pointoise (E.D.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Chalon (B.M.), the Orthopedic Unit, Blois Polyclinic, La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (D. Burgot), the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, University Hospital, Garches (A.D.), and the Mobile Unit of the Infectious Referents, Villeurbanne (B.I.) - all in France
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