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Riboni-Verri G, Chen BS, McMurran CE, Halliwell GJ, Brown JWL, Coles AJ, Cunniffe NG. Visual outcome measures in clinical trials of remyelinating drugs. BMJ Neurol Open 2024; 6:e000560. [PMID: 38389586 PMCID: PMC10882304 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2023-000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising approaches to delay, prevent or reverse disability progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) is to enhance endogenous remyelination and limit axonal degeneration. In clinical trials of remyelinating drugs, there is a need for reliable, sensitive and clinically relevant outcome measures. The visual pathway, which is frequently affected by MS, provides a unique model system to evaluate remyelination of acute and chronic MS lesions in vivo and non-invasively. In this review, we discuss the different measures that have been used and scrutinise visual outcome measure selection in current and future remyelination trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioia Riboni-Verri
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Clinical Vision Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benson S Chen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Clinical Vision Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher E McMurran
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Clinical Vision Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gregory J Halliwell
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J William L Brown
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Clinical Outcomes Research Unit (CORe), University of Melbourne, Melborune, Melborune, Australia
| | - Alasdair J Coles
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Clinical Vision Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick G Cunniffe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Clinical Vision Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Chen BS, Harvey JP, Gilhooley MJ, Jurkute N, Yu-Wai-Man P. Mitochondria and the eye-manifestations of mitochondrial diseases and their management. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:2416-2425. [PMID: 37185957 PMCID: PMC10397317 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, distinct mitochondrial syndromes were recognised clinically by their ocular features. Due to their predilection for metabolically active tissue, mitochondrial diseases frequently involve the eye, resulting in a range of ophthalmic manifestations including progressive external ophthalmoplegia, retinopathy and optic neuropathy, as well as deficiencies of the retrochiasmal visual pathway. With the wider availability of genetic testing in clinical practice, it is now recognised that genotype-phenotype correlations in mitochondrial diseases can be imprecise: many classic syndromes can be associated with multiple genes and genetic variants, and the same genetic variant can have multiple clinical presentations, including subclinical ophthalmic manifestations in individuals who are otherwise asymptomatic. Previously considered rare diseases with no effective treatments, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of mitochondrial diseases with new therapies emerging, in particular, gene therapy for inherited optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson S Chen
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joshua P Harvey
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael J Gilhooley
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Neringa Jurkute
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK.
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
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Britton JOT, Yu-Wai-Man P, Chen BS. Blurred Disc Margins. J Neuroophthalmol 2023; 43:e63. [PMID: 37184970 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John O T Britton
- University of Cambridge (JOTB, PY-W-M, BSC), Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (JOTB, PY-W-M, BSC), Cambridge, the United Kingdom; and Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (PY-W-M), London, the United Kingdom
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Although the majority of patients with IIH present classically with headache and papilledema, some patients may have unusual presentations or manifestations. Recent advancements in neuroimaging have facilitated the identification of other presentations associated with IIH. This review provides an overview of the expanding clinical spectrum of IIH. RECENT FINDINGS Presentations of IIH that are considered unusual include highly asymmetric or unilateral papilledema, IIH without papilledema, and IIH associated with cranial nerve involvement. These presentations likely reflect differences in the way cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure is transmitted intracranially. Radiological signs of intracranial hypertension are increasingly recognized in patients with IIH and provide further insights into the effects of raised ICP on intracranial structures. Osseous changes in the skull base leading to formation of meningoceles and encephaloceles have been identified in patients with IIH, spontaneous skull base CSF leak, and drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy, suggesting a possible association. SUMMARY Clinicians should be familiar with the expanding clinical spectrum of IIH and the implications for the management of these presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson S. Chen
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge
- Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John O.T. Britton
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge
- Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Chen BS, Yu-Wai-Man P, Horton M. Psychometric Validity of the Visual Function Index in Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:23. [PMID: 36662512 PMCID: PMC9872840 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric validity of the Visual Function Index (VF-14) for use by patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Methods Rasch analysis was conducted in two stages using data for 196 individuals (74.5% male) carrying one of the three primary LHON mutations and affected by vision loss. In stage 1, scale unidimensionality, scale-to-sample targeting, response category threshold ordering, item fit statistics, local dependency, and reliability were assessed. In stage 2, iterative post-hoc revisions of the VF-14 structure (VF-14R) were applied and psychometrically re-evaluated. Results Issues identified with the VF-14 included disordered response thresholds (12/14 items), local dependency (10/91 pairwise dependencies), and evidence of multidimensionality. However, the distribution of person estimates and item thresholds were fairly well matched, only one item showed misfit to the Rasch model, and there was good reliability (Person Separation Index 0.84). Rasch-informed VF-14 revisions included removing both driving items and the misfitting sports item, rescoring response options across all items by merging two response categories, and accounting for the dependency between two reading items. The VF-14R demonstrated improved psychometric validity. Conclusions Clinicians and researchers using the VF-14 with LHON patients should be aware of its limitations. Compared to the original version, the proposed Rasch-based structure of the VF-14R appears to offer improved psychometric performance and interpretation of vision-related activity limitation. Translational Relevance The original version of the VF-14 exhibits several limitations that undermines its psychometric validity as a patient-reported outcome measure for patients with LHON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson S Chen
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8214-0186
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mike Horton
- Psychometric Laboratory for Health Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
- https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6675-7335
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Barboni P, La Morgia C, Cascavilla ML, Hong EH, Battista M, Majander A, Caporali L, Starace V, Amore G, Renzo AD, Carbonelli M, Nucci P, Jurkute N, Chen BS, Panebianco R, De Negri AM, Sadun F, Parisi V, Bandello F, Sadun AA, Carelli V, Yu-Wai-Man P. Childhood-Onset Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy-Clinical and Prognostic Insights. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 249:99-107. [PMID: 36543315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the clinical and molecular genetic features of childhood-onset Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) to gain a better understanding of the factors influencing the visual outcome in this atypical form of the disease. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS We retrospectively included 2 cohorts of patients with LHON with onset of visual loss before the age of 12 years from Italy and the United Kingdom. Ophthalmologic evaluation, including best-corrected visual acuity, orthoptic evaluation, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, visual field testing, and optical coherence tomography, was considered. Patients were classified based on both the age of onset and the pattern of visual loss. RESULTS A total of 68 patients were stratified based on the age of onset of visual loss: group 1 (<3 years): 14 patients (20.6%); group 2 (≥3 to <9 years): 27 patients (39.7%); and group 3 (≥9 to ≤12 years): 27 patients (39.7%). Patients in group 2 achieved a better visual outcome than those in group 3. Patients in groups 1 and 2 had better mean deviation on visual field testing than those in group 3. The mean ganglion cell layer thickness on optical coherence tomography in group 2 was higher than those in groups 1 and 3. Patients were also categorized based on the pattern of visual loss as follows: Subacute Bilateral: 54 patients (66.7%); Insidious Bilateral: 14 patients (17.3%); Unilateral: 9 patients (11.1%); and Subclinical Bilateral: 4 patients (4.9%). CONCLUSIONS Children who lose vision from LHON before the age of 9 years have a better visual prognosis than those who become affected in later years, likely representing a "form frustre" of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Barboni
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.B., M.L.C., M.B., V.S., F.B.); Department of ophthalmology, Studio Oculistico d'Azeglio (P.B., M.C.).
| | - Chiara La Morgia
- Department of ophthalmology, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, (C.L.M., L.C., V.C.) Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Cascavilla
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.B., M.L.C., M.B., V.S., F.B.)
| | - Eun Hee Hong
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.H.H., A.M., N.J., P.Y-W-M.); Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (E.H.H.)
| | - Marco Battista
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.B., M.L.C., M.B., V.S., F.B.)
| | - Anna Majander
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.H.H., A.M., N.J., P.Y-W-M.); UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.M., N.J., P.Y-W-M.); Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (A.M.)
| | - Leonardo Caporali
- Department of ophthalmology, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, (C.L.M., L.C., V.C.) Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Starace
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.B., M.L.C., M.B., V.S., F.B.)
| | - Giulia Amore
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna (G.A., M.C., V.C.)
| | | | - Michele Carbonelli
- Department of ophthalmology, Studio Oculistico d'Azeglio (P.B., M.C.); Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna (G.A., M.C., V.C.)
| | - Paolo Nucci
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, (P.N.), Italy
| | - Neringa Jurkute
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.H.H., A.M., N.J., P.Y-W-M.); UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.M., N.J., P.Y-W-M.)
| | - Benson S Chen
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge (B.S.C., P.Y-W-M.); Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, (B.S.C., P.Y-W-M.), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Parisi
- IRCCS G.B. Bietti Foundation I.R.C.C.S., Rome (A.D.R., V.P.)
| | - Francesco Bandello
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.B., M.L.C., M.B., V.S., F.B.)
| | - Alfredo A Sadun
- and Doheny Eye Institute/UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA (A.A.S)
| | - Valerio Carelli
- Department of ophthalmology, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, (C.L.M., L.C., V.C.) Bologna, Italy; Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna (G.A., M.C., V.C.)
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.H.H., A.M., N.J., P.Y-W-M.); UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.M., N.J., P.Y-W-M.); Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge (B.S.C., P.Y-W-M.); Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, (B.S.C., P.Y-W-M.), Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Abstract
PURPOSEOF REVIEW To outline the current landscape of treatments for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) along the therapeutic delivery pipeline, exploring the mechanisms of action and evidence for these therapeutic approaches. RECENT FINDINGS Treatments for LHON can be broadly classified as either mutation-specific or mutation-independent. Mutation-specific therapies aim to correct the underlying mutation through the use of a gene-editing platform or replace the faulty mitochondrial DNA-encoded protein by delivering the wild-type gene using a suitable vector. Recent gene therapy clinical trials assessing the efficacy of allotopically expressed MT-ND4 for the treatment of LHON due to the m.11778G > A mutation in MT-ND4 have shown positive results when treated within 12 months of symptom onset. Mutation-independent therapies can have various downstream targets that aim to improve mitochondrial respiration, reduce mitochondrial stress, inhibit or delay retinal ganglion cell apoptosis, and/or promote retinal ganglion cell survival. Idebenone, a synthetic hydrosoluble analogue of co-enzyme Q10 (ubiquinone), is the only approved treatment for LHON. Mutation-independent approaches to gene therapy under pre-clinical investigation for other neurodegenerative disorders may have the potential to benefit patients with LHON. Although approved treatments are presently limited, innovations in gene therapy and editing are driving the expansion of the therapeutic delivery pipeline for LHON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson S Chen
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK.
- Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
- Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nancy J Newman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Asnafi S, Chen BS, Biousse V, Newman NJ, Saindane AM. Intracranial computed tomography histogram analysis detects changes in the setting of elevated intracranial pressure and normal imaging. Neuroradiol J 2022; 35:718-723. [PMID: 35506947 PMCID: PMC9626849 DOI: 10.1177/19714009221096832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) have elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) of unclear etiology. This study evaluated the ability of quantitative intracranial Hounsfield unit (HU) histogram analysis to detect pathophysiological changes from elevated ICP in the setting of a normal head CT. METHODS Retrospective analysis of non-contrast-enhanced head CT images of IIH patients and matched controls. Following skull stripping, total intracranial CT voxels within the range of 0-70 HU were divided into seven 10 HU bins. A measurement of total intracranial HU was also calculated for each patient. Imaging studies for IIH patients were reviewed for features of IIH including transverse sinus stenosis (TSS). Histogram measures were compared between IIH and control groups and correlated with imaging and clinical data. RESULTS Fourteen IIH patients with CSF opening pressure ≥25 cm water, and 31 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched controls were included. Compared to controls, IIH patients had a significantly greater proportion of voxels in the 40-50, 50-60, and 60-70 HU bins (p = 0.003, 0.001, and 0.003, respectively) but similar proportion in the 0-10 HU range. Severity of TSS significantly correlated with total intracranial HU measures. 50-60 HU and 60-70 HU bins demonstrated high AUCs of 0.81 and 0.80, respectively, in differentiating IIH from normal status. CONCLUSION Idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients have a greater proportion of high intracranial HU voxels representing blood volume, which may be explained by TSS causing venous congestion. The pattern provides further insights into the pathophysiology of IIH and may be useful for detecting elevated ICP in the setting of normal head CT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Asnafi
- Department of Radiology and Imaging
Sciences, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benson S Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Valérie Biousse
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nancy J Newman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amit M Saindane
- Department of Radiology and Imaging
Sciences, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Chen BS, Holzinger E, Taiel M, Yu-Wai-Man P. The Impact of Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy on the Quality of Life of Patients and Their Relatives: A Qualitative Study. J Neuroophthalmol 2022; 42:316-322. [PMID: 35483081 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is an inherited mitochondrial disease characterized by severe bilateral vision loss and chronic visual impairment. The objective of this study was to comprehensively explore the impact of LHON on the lives of patients and their relatives at the time of diagnosis and now. METHODS Qualitative study design with 8 focus group interviews conducted in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States, involving 17 individuals with m.11778G>A mutation and their relatives. Separate focus groups for patients and their relatives were facilitated by a moderator in French, German, or English. Qualitative analysis of interviews using a pre-defined analytical framework. RESULTS Participants reported feeling devastated by the diagnosis of LHON after a lengthy and worrisome diagnostic journey. Patients were frustrated by the loss of autonomy, which also affected their relatives. Participants described challenges across several domains: physical capabilities, emotional well-being, interpersonal relationships, work and studies, finances, and recreational activities. Access to disability allowances, vision aids, and funded or subsided idebenone varied by country, resulting in unequal financial impact. Patients are hopeful for therapy that would restore autonomy and improve their ability to enjoy a fulfilling life, while alleviating the demands placed on their relatives. CONCLUSIONS The impact of LHON extends beyond vision-related activity limitations. Addressing the psychosocial impact of LHON and helping patients and their relatives adapt and cope with vision loss are vital. As part of this, an accurate and timely diagnosis is important to enable early intervention. Further investigation of specific unmet needs is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson S Chen
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit (BSC, PY-W-M), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge Eye Unit (BSC and PY-W-M), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom; GroupH (EH), London, United Kingdom; GenSight Biologics (MT), Paris, France; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (PY-W-M), London, United Kingdom; and Institute of Ophthalmology (PY-W-M), University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Chen BS, Yu-Wai-Man P. From Bench to Bedside-Delivering Gene Therapy for Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2022; 12:12/6/a041282. [PMID: 35863905 PMCID: PMC9310952 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a rare, maternally inherited mitochondrial disorder that presents with severe bilateral sequential vision loss, due to the selective degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Since the mitochondrial genetic basis for LHON was uncovered in 1988, considerable progress has been made in understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms driving RGC loss, which has enabled the development of therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating the underlying mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we explore the genetics of LHON, from bench to bedside, focusing on the pathogenetic mechanisms and how these have informed the development of different gene therapy approaches, in particular the technique of allotopic expression with adeno-associated viral vectors. Finally, we provide an overview of the recent gene therapy clinical trials and consider the unanswered questions, challenges, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson S Chen
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
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Chen BS, Galus T, Archer S, Tadić V, Horton M, Pesudovs K, Braithwaite T, Yu-Wai-Man P. Capturing the experiences of patients with inherited optic neuropathies: a systematic review of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and qualitative studies. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 260:2045-2055. [PMID: 35024911 PMCID: PMC9061690 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify and comprehensively evaluate studies capturing the experience of individuals affected by an inherited optic neuropathy (ION), focusing on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and qualitative studies where the health status and quality of life (QoL) of these individuals have been explored. METHODS Systematic review of five databases using a search strategy combining four concepts: (1) ION; (2) QoL and health status; (3) PROMs; and (4) qualitative research. Studies assessing the impact of ION on any QoL domain using a PROM or qualitative methodology were included and appraised, using criteria based on the COSMIN checklist (for PROM studies) and the CASP checklist (for qualitative studies). RESULTS Of 1326 unique articles identified, six studies were included. Five PROMs were identified: Visual Function Index (VF-14); Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); a novel graphical online assessment tool (NGOAT) for reporting emotional response to vision loss; a new PROM informed by the DSM-V Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder; and an interpersonal and career 'impact rating' PROM. The psychometric performance of included PROMs were poorly described. Qualitative studies found that vision loss resulted in psychosocial losses including loss of social and communication skills and loss of independence and freedom. Factors that modified the response to vision loss were also identified. CONCLUSION The current PROMs used by individuals with ION have poor content coverage, primarily measuring activity limitation and emotional well-being, and insufficient reporting of psychometric performance. There is a need to develop a PROM for individuals ION to report their experiences of living with their condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson S Chen
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Tomasz Galus
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephanie Archer
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valerija Tadić
- School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Mike Horton
- Psychometric Laboratory for Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Konrad Pesudovs
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Tasanee Braithwaite
- School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- The Medical Eye Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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Buchowicz B, Chen BS, Bidot S, Bruce BB, Newman NJ, Saindane AM, Levy JM, Biousse V. Prediction of Postoperative Risk of Raised Intracranial Pressure After Spontaneous Skull Base Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair. J Neuroophthalmol 2021; 41:e490-e497. [PMID: 33734152 PMCID: PMC8435037 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A relationship between idiopathic intracranial hypertension and spontaneous skull base cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks has been proposed, by which CSF leak decreases intracranial pressure (ICP) and masks the symptoms and signs of elevated ICP. These patients are at risk of developing papilledema, symptoms of elevated ICP, or a recurrent CSF leak after CSF leak repair. The objective of this study was to assess whether radiographic signs of raised ICP on preoperative magnetic resonance or computed venography (MRI or CTV) are predictors of postoperative papilledema, recurrence of CSF leak, or need for CSF shunt surgery. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of systematically collected demographics, fundus examination, and presurgical brain MRI and magnetic resonance venography/computed tomography venography (MRV/CTV) in patients seen at 1 institution between 2013 and 2019 with spontaneous skull base CSF leak repair. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on whether they developed papilledema, recurrent CSF leak, or required CSF shunting (Group 1) or not (Group 2). RESULTS Fifty-seven patients were included, among whom 19 were in Group 1. There was no difference in demographic characteristics or clinical features between patients in Group 1 and Group 2. Controlling for other imaging features, bilateral transverse venous sinus stenosis (TVSS) on preoperative imaging increased the odds of being in Group 1 by 4.2 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-21.2, P = 0.04), optic nerve tortuosity decreased the odds of being in Group 1 by 8.3 times (95% CI: 1.4-74.6, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Imaging of the intracranial venous system with MRV or CTV is warranted before repair of spontaneous CSF leak, as bilateral TVSS is an independent risk factor for postoperative papilledema, CSF leak recurrence, or need for a CSF shunting procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce Buchowicz
- Departments of Ophthalmology (BB, BSC, BBB, NJN, VB); Pathology (SB); Epidemiology (BBB); Neurology (BBB, NJN, VB); Neurological Surgery (NJN); Radiology and Imaging Sciences (AMS); and Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery (JML), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Chen BS, Meyer BI, Saindane AM, Bruce BB, Newman NJ, Biousse V. Prevalence of Incidentally Detected Signs of Intracranial Hypertension on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Their Association With Papilledema. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:718-725. [PMID: 33871552 PMCID: PMC8056310 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Importance Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs of intracranial hypertension (IH) are traditionally associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), but these signs are also detected among individuals with primary headaches and among asymptomatic individuals without papilledema. Objective To examine the prevalence of MRI signs of IH among consecutive outpatients undergoing brain MRI for any clinical indication and to explore their association with papilledema. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cross-sectional study of outpatients undergoing brain MRI at 1 outpatient imaging facility was conducted between August 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020, with ocular fundus photographs taken concurrently. Radiographic images from consecutive adult patients who were undergoing brain MRI and able to participate in fundus photography were analyzed for MRI signs of IH. A univariate analysis using either Fisher exact tests or t tests was performed. Main Outcomes and Measures Prevalence of MRI signs of IH and prevalence of papilledema detected on ocular fundus photographs. Radiographic signs of IH included empty sella, optic nerve head protrusion, posterior scleral flattening, increased perioptic cerebrospinal fluid, optic nerve tortuosity, enlarged Meckel caves, cephaloceles, cerebellar tonsillar descent, and bilateral transverse venous sinus stenosis. Results A total of 388 patients were screened for eligibility; of those, 92 patients were excluded (58 declined participation, 16 were unable to consent, 14 were unable to complete fundus photography, and 4 completed MRI and fundus photography twice, so their second set of findings was removed). Among the 296 patients included in the study, the median age was 49.5 years (interquartile range, 37.8-62.0 years), and 188 patients (63.5%) were female. The most common indication for MRI was surveillance of a brain neoplasm (82 patients [27.7%]). Investigations of headaches (26 patients [8.8%]) and disorders of intracranial pressure (4 patients [1.4%]) were uncommon. At least 1 radiographic sign of IH was present in 145 patients (49.0%). Among 296 total study patients, 98 patients (33.1%) had empty sella, 47 patients (15.9%) had enlarged Meckel caves, 32 patients (10.8%) had increased perioptic cerebrospinal fluid, 23 patients (7.8%) had optic nerve tortuosity, 2 patients (0.7%) had scleral flattening, and 4 patients (1.4%) had cephaloceles. Bilateral transverse venous sinus stenosis was present in 6 of 198 patients (3.0%). Five patients (1.7%) had papilledema. Compared with patients without papilledema, those with papilledema had a significantly higher body mass index and history of IIH, in addition to an increased prevalence of empty sella, optic nerve tortuosity, and transverse venous sinus stenosis detected on MRI. The prevalence of papilledema increased from 2.8% among patients with at least 1 MRI sign of IH to 40.0% among patients with 4 or more MRI signs of IH. Conclusions and Relevance Magnetic resonance imaging signs of IH were common among patients undergoing brain MRI in this study but rarely associated with papilledema. The management of patients with incidentally detected signs of IH likely does not require systematic lumbar puncture unless concerning symptoms or papilledema are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson S. Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Benjamin I. Meyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Amit M. Saindane
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Beau B. Bruce
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nancy J. Newman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Valérie Biousse
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Meyer BI, Chen BS, Biousse V, Newman NJ. Homonymous thinning on macular optical coherence tomography indicating retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration from occipital infarctions. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2021; 11:89-92. [PMID: 33767961 PMCID: PMC7971442 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_74_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inner retinal thinning on optical coherence tomography (OCT) occurring through retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration is an increasingly recognized phenomenon, even in acquired retro-chiasmal brain lesions. We describe a man with stable visual field defects from multiple bilateral posterior circulation infarctions, who had ganglion cell complex (GCC) thinning on macular OCT that corresponded precisely with his visual field defects. In contrast to previous reports indicating that peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) changes are important in detecting this phenomenon, the peripapillary RFNL thickness and the optic disc appearance of our patient were relatively unaffected. Our case contributes to the growing body of evidence that retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration can manifest as isolated macular OCT findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin I Meyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Benson S Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Valérie Biousse
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nancy J Newman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Abstract
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of unknown etiology that results in isolated raised intracranial pressure. Classic symptoms and signs of IIH include headache, papilledema, diplopia from sixth nerve palsy and divergence insufficiency, and pulsatile tinnitus. Atypical presentations include: (1) highly asymmetric or even unilateral papilledema, and IIH without papilledema; (2) ocular motor disturbances from third nerve palsy, fourth nerve palsy, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, diffuse ophthalmoplegia, and skew deviation; (3) olfactory dysfunction; (4) trigeminal nerve dysfunction; (5) facial nerve dysfunction; (6) hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction; (7) lower cranial nerve dysfunction including deviated uvula, torticollis, and tongue weakness; (8) spontaneous skull base cerebrospinal fluid leak; and (9) seizures. Although atypical findings should raise a red flag and prompt further investigation for an alternative etiology, clinicians should be familiar with these unusual presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson S. Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nancy J. Newman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Valérie Biousse
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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16
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Mishra R, Chen BS, Richa P, Yu-Wai-Man P. Wolfram syndrome: new pathophysiological insights and therapeutic strategies. Ther Adv Rare Dis 2021; 2:26330040211039518. [PMID: 37181110 PMCID: PMC10032446 DOI: 10.1177/26330040211039518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Wolfram Syndrome (WS) is an ultra-rare, progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by early-onset diabetes mellitus and irreversible loss of vision, secondary to optic nerve degeneration. Visual loss in WS is an important cause of registrable blindness in children and young adults and the pathological hallmark is the preferential loss of retinal ganglion cells within the inner retina. In addition to optic atrophy, affected individuals frequently develop variable combinations of neurological, endocrinological, and psychiatric complications. The majority of patients carry recessive mutations in the WFS1 (4p16.1) gene that encodes for a multimeric transmembrane protein, wolframin, embedded within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). An increasingly recognised subgroup of patients harbor dominant WFS1 mutations that usually cause a milder phenotype, which can be limited to optic atrophy. Wolframin is a ubiquitous protein with high levels of expression in retinal, neuronal, and muscle tissues. It is a multifunctional protein that regulates a host of cellular functions, in particular the dynamic interaction with mitochondria at mitochondria-associated membranes. Wolframin has been implicated in several crucial cellular signaling pathways, including insulin signaling, calcium homeostasis, and the regulation of apoptosis and the ER stress response. There is currently no cure for WS; management remains largely supportive. This review will cover the clinical, genetic, and pathophysiological features of WS, with a specific focus on disease models and the molecular pathways that could serve as potential therapeutic targets. The current landscape of therapeutic options will also be discussed in the context of the latest evidence, including the pipeline for repurposed drugs and gene therapy. Plain language summary Wolfram syndrome - disease mechanisms and treatment options Wolfram syndrome (WS) is an ultra-rare genetic disease that causes diabetes mellitus and progressive loss of vision from early childhood. Vision is affected in WS because of damage to a specialized type of cells in the retina, known as retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which converge at the back of the eye to form the optic nerve. The optic nerve is the fast-conducting cable that transmits visual information from the eye to the vision processing centers within the brain. As RGCs are lost, the optic nerve degenerates and it becomes pale in appearance (optic atrophy). Although diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy are the main features of WS, some patients can develop more severe problems because the brain and other organs, such as the kidneys and the bladder, are also affected. The majority of patients with WS carry spelling mistakes (mutations) in the WFS1 gene, which is located on the short arm of chromosome 4 (4p16.1). This gene is highly expressed in the eye and in the brain, and it encodes for a protein located within a compartment of the cell known as the endoplasmic reticulum. For reasons that still remain unclear, WFS1 mutations preferentially affect RGCs, accounting for the prominent visual loss in this genetic disorder. There is currently no effective treatment to halt or slow disease progression and management remains supportive, including the provision of visual aids and occupational rehabilitation. Research into WS has been limited by its relative rarity and the inability to get access to eye and brain tissues from affected patients. However, major advances in our understanding of this disease have been made recently by making use of more accessible cells from patients, such as skin cells (fibroblasts), or animal models, such as mice and zebrafish. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which WFS1 mutations affect cells, impairing their function and eventually leading to their premature loss. The possible treatment strategies to block these pathways are also discussed, with a particular focus on drug repurposing (i.e., using drugs that are already approved for other diseases) and gene therapy (i.e., replacing or repairing the defective WFS1 gene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnakar Mishra
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC
Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benson S. Chen
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC
Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital,
Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Prachi Richa
- Department of Physiology, Development and
Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC
Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University
of Cambridge, ED Adrian Building, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
- Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital,
Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University
College London, London, UK
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17
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He J, Chen BS, Zhou PH, Zhong YS, Chen WF, Zhang YQ, Li QL, Hu JW. [A novel and simplified closure method for defect closure after endoscopic full-thickness resection of gastric submucosal tumors: short-term outcomes of "Shao-Mai" closure method]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 23:183-187. [PMID: 32074800 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671-0274.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and short-term efficacy of a novel and simplified closure method developed by our team for the defect closure after endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) for gastric submucosal tumors (SMT) in the gastric wall. Methods: A prospective single-arm clinical study was used. Inclusion criteria: (1) the lesion was located in the fundus or the greater curvature of the stomach, and was confirmed to originate from the muscularis propria layer; (2) the diameter of the tumor was ≤3.5 cm, and the tumor had no extensive adhesion to the peritoneal tissues and organs in extraperitoneal cavity; (3) the tumor had no malignant features under ultrasound endoscopy; (4) the patient agreed to participate in the study; (5) patients with severe complications were excluded. Based on the above criteria, 20 patients with gastric SMT at the Endoscopy Center of Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from January 2015 to March 2018 were enrolled in this study, including 5 males and 15 females with mean age of 61.1 (38 to 70) years. Grasping forceps-assisted endo-loop snare ligation device which is called "Shao-Mai" method was used to close the defect site. All the patients underwent EFTR and "Shao-Mai" method to perform defect closure. After successful tumor resection by EFTR, an endo-loop was anchored onto the edge of the gastric defect with grasping forceps assistance and closed tightly. The observation indicators included tumor size, en bloc resection, operation time, postoperative complications and hospital stay. The follow-up indicators included tumor residual, local recurrence, and metachronous lesions. Results: All the 20 lesions were located in the muscularis propria with a size of 0.5-3.5 (mean 1.4) cm. Three of them were located in the greater curvature of the mid-upper gastric body, 17 were located in the fundus. The endoscopic "Shao-Mai" closure was successfully performed after EFTR in all the 20 cases. Endoscope was used uniquely through the entire process, without laparoscopic assistance. The operative time was 20-100 (mean 43.8) minutes, while the "Shao-Mai" closure procedure took a range of 3-30 (mean 10.1) minutes. The en bloc resection rate was 100%. The pathological diagnosis included 17 gastrointestinal stromal tumors and 3 leiomyomas. No major complications occurred during or after surgery. All the patients were discharged 1-11 (mean 3.1) days after operation. The wounds of all the cases were healed completely six months after operation and only scar was observed without ulcer. No residual lesion, tumor recurrence or metastasis, leakage or fistula of digestive tract were found during the follow-up period of 15-54 (median 41) months. Conclusion: The endoscopic "Shao-Mai" closure method is a simplified novel way, which is feasible, effective, and safe for closing the gastric defect after EFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J He
- Endoscopy Center of Xiamen Hospital of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen 361015, China
| | - B S Chen
- Endoscopy Center of Xiamen Hospital of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen 361015, China
| | - P H Zhou
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Engineering and Research Center of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Y S Zhong
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Engineering and Research Center of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - W F Chen
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Engineering and Research Center of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Y Q Zhang
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Engineering and Research Center of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Q L Li
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Engineering and Research Center of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - J W Hu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Engineering and Research Center of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Shanghai 200032, China
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Chen BS, Biousse V, Newman NJ. Mitochondrial DNA 13513G>A mutation presenting with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 47:1202-1204. [PMID: 31368143 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benson S Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Valérie Biousse
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nancy J Newman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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20
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Chen BS, Cleland J, King RI, Anderson NE. CADASIL presenting with focal and generalised epilepsy due to a novel NOTCH3 mutation. Seizure 2019; 66:36-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Chen BS, Wong SHC, Hawkins S, Huggins L. Permanent peritoneal ports for the management of recurrent malignant ascites: a retrospective review of safety and efficacy. Intern Med J 2018; 48:1524-1528. [PMID: 30517990 DOI: 10.1111/imj.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Large volume paracentesis is effective in relieving the symptoms of malignant ascites, but frequent procedures are often required. Permanent peritoneal ports are an alternative to repeated procedures. We describe our experience with the use of peritoneal ports in patients at Middlemore Hospital (Auckland, New Zealand) who had a port inserted for the drainage of malignant ascites. Twenty-eight ports were inserted in 26 patients and accessed a total of 257 times with acceptably low rates of complications including cellulitis, peritonitis and wound dehiscence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson S Chen
- Palliative Care Services, Counties Manukau District Health Board, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen H C Wong
- Palliative Care Services, Counties Manukau District Health Board, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stewart Hawkins
- Interventional Radiology, Counties Manukau District Health Board, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Linda Huggins
- Palliative Care Services, Counties Manukau District Health Board, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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Chen BS, Cleland JC, King RI, Anderson NE. 062 Cadasil presenting with focal and generalised epilepsy due to a novel NOTCH3 mutation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-anzan.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionCerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary small vessel disease caused by mutations of the NOTCH3 gene. Clinical manifestations include migraine, recurrent ischaemic strokes, and cognitive decline. Seizures are an uncommon early symptom and usually occur after the onset of stroke. We report a CADASIL family with epilepsy as an early clinical symptom due to a novel NOTCH3 mutation.MethodsThe clinical histories of three family members from two generations are reported, alongside para-clinical details including results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalogram (EEG), and genetic testing.ResultsThe proband developed focal and generalised seizures at age 51. She had a preceding history of cognitive impairment and migraines. The proband’s son developed focal seizures at age 25 involving his left arm and then generalised seizures. He experienced intermittent headaches, without history of stroke or cognitive impairment. His sister (the proband’s daughter) had epilepsy from age 12, characterised by blank spells and generalised seizures. Cognitive decline was noted from age 38, without history of stroke. There was no family history of epilepsy in those without CADASIL. MRI in all three family members showed multifocal T2 FLAIR hyperintensities within the supratentorial white matter, particularly the temporal lobes. EEG was abnormal only in the proband’s son, with paroxysmal bursts of poorly organised 3–4 Hz spike-wave activity. Genetic testing in all three family members found a novel NOTCH3 mutation, c.1337G>A p.(Cys446Tyr).ConclusionWe have identified a novel NOTCH3 mutation in a kindred with epilepsy as an early manifestation of CADASIL without prior history of strokes. The association with epilepsy is unlikely to be coincidental given the strong segregation of epilepsy and CADASIL in this kindred and the clear focal seizure semiology noted in all family members. Whether this mutation represents a distinct new phenotype requires further investigation.
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Chen BS, Alan Barber P, Stinear CM. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with functional limb weakness. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-316074.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Peng JZ, Xue L, Chen J, Chen BS, Yang YQ. Influence of cyclophilin D protein expression level on endothelial cell oxidative damage resistance. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:4258-68. [PMID: 25966197 DOI: 10.4238/2015.april.28.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We examined the influence of cyclophilin-D (CypD) protein expression level on endothelial cell oxidative damage resistance. A model of CypD protein expression or high expression in endothelial cells was established through gene silencing or cloning. The comparable groups were normal endothelial cells cultured in phosphate-buffered solution in liquid handling cells containing 500 mM H2O2 for 90 or 120 min, and then the medium was replaced with common nutrient solution and cultured again for 24 h. The apoptosis rate and nitric oxide (NO) levels of each group were tested. The cell apoptosis rate of the CyPD low expression group (32.51 ± 6.6 %) was significantly lower than that of the control group (52.57 ± 5.84%, P = 0.001), and total NO production was 24.06 ± 3 and 13.03 ± 3.55 μM. The apoptosis rate of the CyPD high expression group (24.24 + 3.08%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (7.7 + 0.68%, P < 0.001); total NO production was 3.55 ± 1.53 and 8.46 ± 0.77 μM, which was significantly different (P = 0.008). CypD protein could increase oxidative stress and cause endothelial cell injury and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Z Peng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of South Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Xue
- Red Cross Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - B S Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of South Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Q Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Phan CK, Wei JG, Liu F, Chen BS, Luo JT, Yang XH, Tan XF, Yang XB. First Report of Corynespora Leaf Spot of Eucalyptus in China. Plant Dis 2015; 99:419. [PMID: 30699718 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-14-0697-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus is widely planted in the tropics and subtropics, and it has become an important cash crop in Southern China because of its fast-growing nature. In the Guangxi Province of southern China, Eucalyptus is produced on approximately 2 million ha, and two dominant asexual clones, Guanglin No. 9 (E. grandis × E. urophylla) and DH3229 (E. urophylla × E. grandis), are grown. Diseases are an increasing threat to Eucalyptus production in Guangxi since vast areas are monocultured with this plant. In June 2013, a leaf spot disease was observed in eight out of 14 regions in the province on a total of approximately 0.08 million ha of Eucalyptus. Initially, the lesions appeared as water-soaked dots on leaves, which then became circular or irregular shaped with central gray-brown necrotic lesions and dark red-brown margins. The size of leaf spots ranged between 1 and 3 mm in diameter. The main vein or small veins adjacent to the spots were dark. The lesions expanded rapidly during rainy days, producing reproductive structures. In severe cases, the spots coalesced and formed large irregular necrotic areas followed by defoliation. The causal fungus was isolated from diseased leaves. Briefly, the affected leaves were washed with running tap water, sterilized with 75% ethanol (30 s) and 0.1% mercuric dichloride (3 min), and then rinsed three times with sterilized water. Small segments (0.5 to 0.6 cm2) were cut from the leading edge of the lesions and plated on PDA. The plates were incubated at 25°C for 7 to 10 days. When mycelial growth and spores were observed, a single-spore culture was placed on PDA and grown in the dark at 25°C for 10 days. A pathogenicity test was done by spraying a conidial suspension (5 × 105 conidia ml-1) of isolated fungus onto 30 3-month-old leaves of Guanglin No. 9 seedlings. The plants were covered with plain plastic sheets for 7 days to keep the humidity high. Lesions similar to those observed in the forests were observed on the inoculated leaves 7 to 10 days after incubation. The same fungus was re-isolated. Leaves of control plants (sprayed with sterilized water) were disease free. Conidiophores of the fungus were straight to slightly curved, erect, unbranched, septate, and pale to light brown. Conidia were formed in chains or singly with 4 to 15 pseudosepta, which were oblong oval to cylindrical, subhyaline to pale olivaceous brown, straight to curved, 14.5 to 92.3 μm long, and 3.5 to 7.1 μm wide. The fungus was morphologically identified as Corynespora cassiicola (1). DNA of the isolate was extracted, and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (which included ITS 1, 5.8S rDNA gene of rDNA, and ITS 2) was amplified with primers ITS5 and ITS4. 529 base pair (bp) of PCR product was obtained and sequenced. The sequence was compared by BLAST search to the GenBank database and showed 99% similarity to C. cassiicola (Accession No. JX087447). Our sequence was deposited into GenBank (KF669890). The biological characters of the fungus were tested. Its minimum and maximum growth temperatures on PDA were 7 and 37°C with an optimum range of 25 to 30°C. At 25°C in 100% humidity, 90% of conidia germinated after 20 h. The optimum pH for germination was 5 to 8, and the lethal temperature of conidia was 55°C. C. cassiicola has been reported causing leaf blight on Eucalyptus in India and Brazil (2,3) and causing leaf spot on Akebia trifoliate in Guangxi (4). This is the first report of this disease on Eucalyptus in China. References: (1) M. B. Ellis and P. Holliday. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria, No. 303. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1971. (2) B. P. Reis, et al. New Dis. Rep. 29:7, 2014. (3) K. I. Wilson and L. R. Devi. Ind. Phytopathol. 19:393, 1966. (4) Y. F. Ye et al. Plant Dis. 97:1659, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Phan
- Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - J G Wei
- Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - F Liu
- Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - B S Chen
- Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - J T Luo
- Guangxi Forest Pest-Disease Control Station, Nanning, Guangxi 530022, China
| | - X H Yang
- Guangxi Forest Pest-Disease Control Station, Nanning, Guangxi 530022, China
| | - X F Tan
- Guangxi Forest Pest-Disease Control Station, Nanning, Guangxi 530022, China
| | - X B Yang
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
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Goldberg JM, Batjargal S, Chen BS, Petersson EJ. Thioamide quenching of fluorescent probes through photoinduced electron transfer: mechanistic studies and applications. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:18651-8. [PMID: 24266520 DOI: 10.1021/ja409709x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previously we have shown that thioamides can be incorporated into proteins as minimally perturbing fluorescence-quenching probes to study protein dynamics, folding, and aggregation. Here, we show that the spontaneity of photoinduced electron transfer between a thioamide and an excited fluorophore is governed by the redox potentials of each moiety according to a Rehm-Weller-type model. We have used this model to predict thioamide quenching of various common fluorophores, and we rigorously tested more than a dozen examples. In each case, we found excellent agreement between our theoretical predictions and experimental observations. In this way, we have been able to expand the scope of fluorophores quenched by thioamides to include dyes suitable for microscopy and single-molecule studies, including fluorescein, Alexa Fluor 488, BODIPY FL, and rhodamine 6G. We describe the photochemistry of these systems and explore applications that demonstrate the utility of thioamide quenching of fluorescein to studying protein folding and proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is an economically important crop grown widely throughout Asia. Various virus-like symptoms including mosaics, vein banding, and chlorotic ringspots have been observed and reported on mulberry trees in China and Japan for decades. However, the etiology of mulberry viral diseases is generally understudied, although two mulberry-infecting viruses, Mulberry latent virus (genus Carlavirus) (2) and Mulberry ringspot virus (genus Nepovirus) (3), have been partially characterized. In a recent (2010 to 2011) field survey in Guangxi Province, China, supported by the local government, the incidence of virus-like diseases of mulberry ranged between 40 and 80%. To identify the viruses infecting mulberry, deep sequencing of small RNAs (4) was conducted using an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Small RNAs were isolated from five samples of mulberry leaves showing various virus-like symptoms and sequenced. Among the contigs assembled, a 445-bp contig (GenBank Accession No. JX268597) was found to share 76.6% nucleotide identity and 83.0% amino acid identity to Groundnut bud necrosis virus (genus Tospovirus, family Bunyaviridae; Accession Nos. U42555 and AAC55521). To obtain a longer cDNA fragment of this virus, a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was done with primers MV-N-F (5'-AAGCCATCAATGTGCCTCCGGA-3') and MV-N-R (5'-AACACCATGTCTACCGTCCGTC-3') that align to the S-RNA sequence encompassing the nucleocapsid (N) gene and a portion of the intergenic region (IGR) of the Tospovirus. PCR products of about 1,000 bp were successfully amplified from the total RNA of the three mulberry samples (sl-1, xcsy-1, and xcsy-4) showing vein banding symptoms, but not from asymptomatic mulberry (jk-1). These PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The lengths of the amplicons were 1,027 bp (isolate sl-1, JX173786), 987 bp (isolate xcsy-1, JX173787), and 979 bp (isolate xcsy-4, JX173788) and the partial IGRs of the sl-1, xcsy-1, and xcsy-4 isolates were 187 bp, 147 bp, and 139 bp, respectively. The coding regions for the N protein were 831 bp and the deduced proteins of 277 amino acid residues were 100% identical for all three isolates. Since the N protein of this virus shared up to only 74.4% identity to other tospoviruses (74.4% to Capsicum chlorosis virus, ABB83818; and 71.5% to Watermelon bud necrosis virus, ABY79095), it may represent a new member of the Tospovirus genus, temporarily named Mulberry vein banding virus (MuVBV), according to the species demarcation criteria for the Bunyaviridae (1). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a Tospovirus infecting M. alba. In an RT-PCR screening of 48 randomly selected mulberry samples suspected to be virus-infected, 32 were MuVBV-positive. Giving the high incidence and the high yield loss associated with Tospovirus and the presence of thrips, suspected vectors for the virus, MuVBV may represent a substantial threat to the silkworm industry in China. References: (1) M. Q. K. Andrew et al. Virus Taxonomy: 9th Report of the ICTV. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, 2012. (2) T. Tsuchizaki. Annu. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 42:304, 1976. (3) T. Tsuchizaki et al. Annu. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 37:266, 1971. (4) Q. Wu et al. PNAS. 107:1606, 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (SKLCUSA)
| | | | - C W Zou
- College of Life Science and Technology (CLST)
| | | | | | - J H Cai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - B X Qin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - B S Chen
- SKLCUSA and CLST, GXU, Nanning, 530004, China
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Chen BS, Papali’i-Curtin AT, Al-Ali S. Reply to the Editor. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang KY, Xing JC, Chen BS, Liu CX, Lau HW, Sim HG, Foo KT. Bipolar plasmakinetic transurethral resection of the prostate vs. transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate: pre- and postoperative comparisons of parameters used in assessing benign prostatic enlargement. Singapore Med J 2011; 52:747-687514. [PMID: 22009396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate (TUERP) may offer a better treatment for benign prostatic enlargement. We compared the perioperative parameters and outcome following bipolar plasmakinetic transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and TUERP. METHODS Data from two independent institutions were reviewed retrospectively. 50 and 45 consecutive patients were enrolled in the TURP and TUERP groups, respectively. Pre- and postoperative parameters, including prostatic specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume (PV), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL) score, uroflowmetry and prostate volume (PV), were compared. RESULTS Age at surgery, preoperative PSA (5.8 +/- 4.0 versus 7.6 +/- 5.9 ng/ml) and PV (55.8 +/- 31.6 versus 53.2 +/- 26.8 g) showed no significant difference (p-value greater than 0.05). However, postoperative PSA (2.8 +/- 3.0 versus 0.8 +/- 0.4 ng/ml; p-value less than 0.05) and PV (15.2 +/- 7.7 versus 10.5 +/- 5.4 g; p-value less than 0.01) differed significantly between the TURP and TUERP groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in IPSS, QOL and Qmax between the two groups during follow-up (p-value is 0.62, 0.68 and 0.13, respectively). However, for the TUERP group, the postoperative post-void residual urine volume (PVR) was significantly better (13.8 +/- 19.5 versus 25.2 +/- 18.7 ml; p-value less than 0.01). CONCLUSION The TUERP technique achieved more complete resection than TURP, with a smaller post procedure PV and lower PSA and PVR after surgery. This may predict better long-term results for patients who had TUERP.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xiamen First Hospital, Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, 55 Zhenhai Lu, Siming District, Xiamen 361003, China
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Abstract
The bacterial final sigma(54) protein associates with core RNA polymerase to form a holoenzyme complex that renders cognate promoters enhancer-dependent. Although unusual in bacteria, enhancer-dependent transcription is the paradigm in eukaryotes. Here we report that a fragment of Escherichia coli final sigma(54) encompassing amino acid residues 29-177 functions as a potent transcriptional activator in yeast when fused to a Gal4 DNA binding domain. Activation by Gal4-final sigma(54) is TATA-dependent and requires the SAGA coactivator complex, suggesting that Gal4-final sigma(54) functions by a normal mechanism of transcriptional activation. Surprisingly, deletion of the AHC1 gene, which encodes a polypeptide unique to the ADA coactivator complex, stimulates Gal4-final sigma(54)-mediated activation and enhances the toxicity of Gal4-final sigma(54). Accordingly, the SAGA and ADA complexes, both of which include Gcn5 as their histone acetyltransferase subunit, exert opposite effects on transcriptional activation by Gal4-final sigma(54). Gal4-final sigma(54) activation and toxicity are also dependent upon specific final sigma(54) residues that are required for activator-responsive promoter melting by final sigma(54) in bacteria, implying that activation is a consequence of final sigma(54)-specific features rather than a structurally fortuitous polypeptide fragment. As such, Gal4-final sigma(54) represents a novel tool with the potential to provide insight into the mechanism by which natural activators function in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Nucleic Acids Enzymology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-5635, USA
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Lin CH, Chen BS, Yu CW, Chiang SW. A water-based triphenyltetrazolium chloride method for the evaluation of green plant tissue viability. Phytochem Anal 2001; 12:211-213. [PMID: 11705029 DOI: 10.1002/pca.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A water-based 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) partitioning method using n-hexane for the evaluation of green plant tissue viability has been developed. Conventionally, the reduction of TTC to insoluble red-coloured triphenylformazan (TPF) has been used to detect seed, bud, leaf and cultured cell viability. However, the 95% ethanol used to extract TPF also extracts various pigments, such as chlorophyll, from plant tissues which interfere with the absorption of TPF at 485 nm. This new water-based method improves upon the current method by eliminating the interfering pigments in the hexane layer, and by minimising the non-enzymatic oxidation of the sample. When used to evaluate the tissue viability of chillstressed waxapple (Syzygium samarangense) plants, the refined method had a greater sensitivity than the electrolyte leakage method and thus provided a more precise assessment for the physiological state of various plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lin
- Department of Botany, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED In a double-blinded study, we compared conventional dose tetracaine (8 mg), small-dose tetracaine (4 mg) with added fentanyl and epinephrine, and small-dose tetracaine (4 mg) with added fentanyl subarachnoid anesthesia. Forty-five patients scheduled for transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) under subarachnoid anesthesia were randomly assigned to Group 1 (8 mg hyperbaric tetracaine), Group 2 (4 mg hyperbaric tetracaine, 10 microg fen-tanyl, and 0.2 mg epinephrine), and Group 3 (4 mg hyperbaric tetracaine, 10 microg fentanyl, and 0.2 mL saline). Evaluations were performed after spinal anesthesia. Subarachnoid block was successful in all patients except one in Group 1, who required general anesthesia by mask. The median peak sensory levels 10 min after the induction of spinal anesthesia in Group 1 was T8, which was significantly higher than Group 2 and Group 3 (P < 0.05). The time of sensory and motor recovery in Group 3 was less than in Groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). Hypotension was observed in four patients in Group 1 and none in Groups 2 and 3. We conclude that small-dose 4-mg hyperbaric tetracaine plus 10 microg fentanyl might provide adequate anesthesia and fewer side effects for TURP when compared with the conventional (8 mg) dose. IMPLICATIONS Small-dose hyperbaric tetracaine (4 mg with 10 microg fentanyl added) may provide adequate anesthesia and fewer side effects for transurethral resection of the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Transglutaminase-3 (TGase-3) is an enzyme with the ability to catalyze the irreversible cross-linking of peptide-bound glutamine residues either with peptide-bound lysines or with primary amines. It has been implicated in the formation and assembly of the cornified cell envelope of the epidermis, hair follicle and perhaps other stratified squamous epithelia. We show here the involvement of TGase-3 in human esophageal cancer. In an initial study, mRNA differential display was performed with 3 pairs of esophageal cancer tissues and matched normal adjacent mucosa by a 10-mer arbitrary primer and mixed anchored primers (GT15N, N = A, C and G). Four differentially expressed cDNA bands were consistently observed in all 3 normal tissues but barely detected in their tumor counterparts. One of them was identified to be the 3; end of TGase-3. Northern blot and dot blot analyses of 14 samples confirmed the down-regulation of TGase-3 in malignant tissues compared with normal epithelia. RT-PCR revealed that TGase-3 expression was lost in 3 esophageal carcinoma cell lines and decreased in 35/38 tumors compared with adjacent normal mucosa. Taken together, 49/52 (94.2%) esophageal tumors presented down-regulation of the gene. Our data suggest that alteration of TGase-3 expression is a common event in the development of human esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Chen
- National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Transglutaminase-3 (TGase-3) is an enzyme with the ability to catalyze the irreversible cross-linking of peptide-bound glutamine residues either with peptide-bound lysines or with primary amines. It has been implicated in the formation and assembly of the cornified cell envelope of the epidermis, hair follicle and perhaps other stratified squamous epithelia. We show here the involvement of TGase-3 in human esophageal cancer. In an initial study, mRNA differential display was performed with 3 pairs of esophageal cancer tissues and matched normal adjacent mucosa by a 10-mer arbitrary primer and mixed anchored primers (GT15N, N = A, C and G). Four differentially expressed cDNA bands were consistently observed in all 3 normal tissues but barely detected in their tumor counterparts. One of them was identified to be the 3; end of TGase-3. Northern blot and dot blot analyses of 14 samples confirmed the down-regulation of TGase-3 in malignant tissues compared with normal epithelia. RT-PCR revealed that TGase-3 expression was lost in 3 esophageal carcinoma cell lines and decreased in 35/38 tumors compared with adjacent normal mucosa. Taken together, 49/52 (94.2%) esophageal tumors presented down-regulation of the gene. Our data suggest that alteration of TGase-3 expression is a common event in the development of human esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Chen
- National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
cDNA fragments that were differentially expressed between human oesophageal carcinomas and matched normal adjacent mucosa were isolated using an improved mRNA differential display technique. One of them was identified as the 3'-untranslated region of SPRR3 and was homologous to the esophagin cDNA. Northern blot, dot blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses revealed that SPRR3 expression was lost in three cell lines of oesophageal carcinoma and was dramatically decreased in 54 out of 57 primary oesophageal carcinomas compared with adjacent normal mucosa. Esophagin has been shown to be down-regulated in western oesophageal carcinomas. The data suggest that esophagin is probably the protein product of the gene SPRR3 and that altered mRNA expression of SPRR3/esophagin is a frequent event in the development of Chinese oesophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Chen
- National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute, CAMS, PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
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Xu Z, Wang MR, Xu X, Cai Y, Han YL, Wu KM, Wang J, Chen BS, Wang XQ, Wu M. Novel human esophagus-specific gene c1orf10: cDNA cloning, gene structure, and frequent loss of expression in esophageal cancer. Genomics 2000; 69:322-30. [PMID: 11056050 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2000.6344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have identified a novel human gene, designated C1orf10, using modified differential display PCR. The C1orf10 gene, which spans 5 kb in length, is composed of three exons. The deduced protein contains 495 amino acids with one transmembrane domain. The amino acid sequence of C1orf10 is characterized by the presence of a calcium-binding motif of about 90 amino acids at its N-terminal and a conserved consecutive repeat sequence of 60 amino acids that was identified previously only in bacterial ice nucleation proteins. In normal adult tissues, C1orf10 is highly expressed only in the esophagus and was undetectable in a total of 15 other tissues examined, suggesting its important role in esophageal cells. The expression of C1orf10 is either dramatically reduced or absent in esophageal cancer cell lines (3/3) as well as primary esophageal cancer tissues (35/37) compared with the corresponding normal esophageal mucosa. Using a radiation hybrid panel, C1orf10 was found to be located on chromosome 1q21. These findings suggest that expression of C1orf10 is unique to esophageal cells and that loss of its expression may play a role in the development of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xu
- National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute, CAMS, Beijing, 100021, P.R. China
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Tsai YC, Wang LK, Chen BS, Chen HP. Home-based patient-controlled epidural analgesia with bupivacaine for patients with intractable herpetic neuralgia. J Formos Med Assoc 2000; 99:659-62. [PMID: 10969513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This clinical report is based on retrospective observation of the outcome and effects of patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with bupivacaine infusion administered at home to five patients with intractable herpetic neuralgia. All patients had severe pain (9 or 10 visual analogue scale [VAS]points) confined to the affected dermatomes, which was refractory to medication. The interval between zoster onset and PCEA application ranged from 27 to 60 days (mean, 37.2 d). The average daily amount of bupivacaine used was 36.5 to 91.2 mg (mean +/- standard deviation, 62.4 +/- 19.7 mg). The duration of PCEA therapy ranged from 10 to 28 days (18.4 +/- 7.6 d). One patient developed drug tolerance. All treatments resulted in effective and satisfactory pain relief (VAS, 0-3), with increase in physical activities to normal levels and easing of sleep and appetite impairment. No deleterious effects were found during PCEA therapy. After discontinuation of PCEA, two patients did not complain of pain but still had slight paresthesia, one of them required low-dose antidepressant for 17 days; three patients continued to have occasional sharp pain (VAS, 2-3) and required low-dose antidepressant and analgesic as-needed for one to six months. These results suggest that PCEA with bupivacaine infusion provides effective pain relief in patients with intractable herpetic neuralgia and is a feasible and effective home treatment modality with limited side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Tsai
- Department of Anesthesia, Medical College and Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Wu WH, Pinto I, Chen BS, Hampsey M. Mutational analysis of yeast TFIIB. A functional relationship between Ssu72 and Sub1/Tsp1 defined by allele-specific interactions with TFIIB. Genetics 1999; 153:643-52. [PMID: 10511545 PMCID: PMC1460761 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/153.2.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TFIIB is an essential component of the RNA polymerase II core transcriptional machinery. Previous studies have defined TFIIB domains required for interaction with other transcription factors and for basal transcription in vitro. In the study reported here we investigated the TFIIB structural requirements for transcription initiation in vivo. A library of sua7 mutations encoding altered forms of yeast TFIIB was generated by error-prone polymerase chain reaction and screened for conditional growth defects. Twenty-two single amino acid replacements in TFIIB were defined and characterized. These replacements are distributed throughout the protein and occur primarily at phylogenetically conserved positions. Most replacements have little or no effect on the steady-state protein levels, implying that each affects TFIIB function rather than synthesis or stability. In contrast to the initial sua7 mutants, all replacements, with one exception, have no effect on start site selection, indicating that specific TFIIB structural defects affect transcriptional accuracy. This collection of sua7 alleles, including the initial sua7 alleles, was used to investigate the allele specificity of interactions between ssu72 and sub1, both of which were initially identified as either suppressors (SUB1 2mu) or enhancers (sub1Delta, ssu72-1) of sua7 mutations. We show that the interactions of ssu72-1 and sub1Delta with sua7 are allele specific; that the allele specificities of ssu72 and sub1 overlap; and that each of the sua7 alleles that interacts with ssu72 and sub1 affects the accuracy of transcription start site selection. These results demonstrate functional interactions among TFIIB, Ssu72, and Sub1 and suggest that these interactions play a role in the mechanism of start site selection by RNA polymerase II.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, USA
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Huang HC, Bautista SL, Chen BS, Chang KP, Chen YJ, Wuu SW. Miller-Dieker syndrome with microdeletion of chromosome 17p13.3: report of one case. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1997; 38:472-6. [PMID: 9473821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS) consists of lissencephaly, characteristic craniofacial appearance and sometimes other birth defects. Since 1983, it has been shown that most cases of MDS are caused by deletion of chromosome 17p13.3. Herein, we present a case of MDS in which the patient had characteristic craniofacial appearance in addition to lissencephaly. Although routine chromosome study showed a normal karyotype, deletion of chromosome 17p13.3 was suggested by high resolution GTG-banding and confirmed by FISH. About 36% of the cases reported by Dobyns had submicroscopic deletions of chromosome 17p13.3 in spite of normal karyotypes in routine chromosome studies. The high frequency of submicroscopic deletion in Dobyn's cases and our present case strongly suggests that chromosomal studies, including high-resolution banding and molecular genetic approaches such as FISH, are mandatory whenever MDS is suspected in cases of lissencephaly with normal karyotypes in routine chromosomal work-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Shin Tien, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Jiang XZ, Chen BS, Zhao YF, Zhou AP, Zou YM, Gao H, Liu Y, Ji RM. [Clinical application study of intraoral high-level mandibular neurotomy: Reported of 19 cases]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 1997; 6:138-40. [PMID: 15160214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia is a common disease in clinical practice. The recurrence rate after avulsion is relatively high. In order to reduce the recurrence rate, the author developed a new method and operated on 19 cases with intraoral high level trigeminal neurotomy based on 21 cases of adult human skull anatomy. The method is simple, safe and in good condition. The author emphasized that the proper management of the buccal branch during operation may have a close relation with the post-operative recurrence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Jiang
- Department of Dentistry, Changzheg Hospital, Second Military Medical University. Shanghai 200003,China
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Chen BS, Jiang XZ, Gao H, Liu Y. [Surgical approaches to tumors in the parapharyngeal and infratemporal space: Report of 18 cases]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 1996; 5:158-9. [PMID: 15160010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B S Chen
- Department of Dentistry,Changzheng Hospital,Second Military Medical University. Shanghai 200003,China
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42
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Zou AP, Chen BS, Jiang XZ, Liu HM. [Fibrous dysplasia and malignant transformation of the maxillofacial region: Analysis of 18 cases]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 1996; 5:138-9. [PMID: 15160003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A P Zou
- Department of Dentistry, Changzhen Hospital, Second Military Medical University. Shanghai 200003, China
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Jiang XZ, Chen BS, Gao H, Zou AP. [Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia of the third branch by transecting the mandibular nerve at a higher position: Report of 8 cases]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 1996; 5:91-2. [PMID: 15160034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X Z Jiang
- Department of Dentistry, Changzhen Hospital, Second Military Medical University. Shanghai 200003 China
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Tang RB, Chen BS, Chen SJ, Wu KG, Hwang B. Determination of the food specific IgE antibodies: comparison of MAST-CLA and CAP systems. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1996; 57:219-23. [PMID: 8935229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was carried out to compare two techniques used to determine the food specific IgE antibody. METHODS Thirty-four allergic patients were evaluated for most common food IgE antibodies by multiple allergosorbent chemiluminescent assay (MAST-CLA). IgE antibodies to eight of these food allergens were also measured by Pharmacia CAP (CAP) test. RESULTS The food specific IgE showed good agreement between MAST-CLA and CAP (kappa = 0.3-0.77). The sensitivity of MAST-CLA assay for food specific IgE antibody was variable comparing with that of CAP system. The accuracy ranged from 0.76 to 0.97. The agreement between the results of MAST-CLA and skin test was variable (kappa = 0.03-0.58). The agreement was poor in wheat, peanut and soybean (kappa = 0.03-0.12). Similar result between CAP and skin test was also obtained (kappa = 0.06-0.82). The agreement was poor in wheat (kappa = 0.06) and milk (kappa = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS Different results might be related to quality of the extract, how they are performed in vitro test and difference of correspondent allergens employed in the tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Jiang XZ, Wang WC, Chen BS, Wang L. [Hamartoma of the head and neck: Clinicopathological analysis of 12cases]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 1995; 4:177-8. [PMID: 15160091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X Z Jiang
- Department of Dentistry, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University. Shanghai 200003, China
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46
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Liu Y, Chen BS, Tao CZ. [A biomechanical investigation of Ha-coated ceramic implant]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 1994; 3:212-5. [PMID: 15160128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Two samples of Ha-coated ceramic implants of which sintering temperatures were 850 degrees centigrade,1050 degrees centigrade respectively,were prepared.Pure titanium implant of the same size was accomplished using a transcortical implant model in adult Mongrel dogs.Follow-up periods were 1,3 and 6 months.The results in vivo were evaluated using push-out tests and scanning electron microscope.There were significant differences in push-coated ceramic implants and pure titanium implants,especially for the 1 and 3 months follow-up period.SEM investigation of the interface after push-out test showed for the HA-coated ceramic implants to be fractured in the coating layer and for the Ti-implant to be fractured at the implant-bone interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Departmet Of Stomatology,Changzheng Hospital.Shanghai 200003,China
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Tao CZ, Liu Y, Chen BS, Cao WP, Zeng SX, Yang ZX. [An experimental study on the HA-coated zirconia ceramic material for an endosseous implant]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 1994; 3:208-11. [PMID: 15160127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
HA layer is sintered onto the surface of zirconia ceramic material.These column-like composite implants and titanium implants were inserted into the femurs of the dogs.The speciments were taken at the third month after operation,and the shear strengths between the implants and bone were measured.The undecalcified bone section containing the composite ceramic implant were cut for light microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and elemental analyses of C,P and Zr.Mechanical testing results revealed that the attachment strength of HA-coated zirconia samples is more stronger,as companied with the titanium samples.Histologic evaluations of the undecalcified specimens showed that extremely close juxlaposition of bone to HA-coated zirconia ceramic implants was seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Z Tao
- Departmet Of Stomatology,Changzheng Hospital,The Second Militrary Medical University.Shanghai 200003,China
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Jiang XZ, Chen BS, Wang WC, Gao H, Zhang CS, Liu GH. [Three-dimensional computed tomography in the diagnosis of diseases of jaw bone(report of 22 cases).]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 1994; 3:134-6. [PMID: 16538306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
3DCT reconstruction,as a new roentnogenographic technique,has not been yet used so much in Oral Maxillofacial Surgery in our country.Scine early 1993,22 cases of 3DCT reconstruction have been performed on a Siemens Plus-s CT scanner for the diagnosis and surgical planning of jaw bone disease and injuries.It demonstrated that 3DCT reconstruction is a useful technique for the diagnosis and surgical planning of jaw bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,Changzheng Hospital,Second Military Medical University,Shanghai 200003, China
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Abstract
Conflicting reports exist concerning the presence of a Na(+)-coupled amino acid transport system in cultured endothelial cells. We have employed a non-metabolizable analog, 2-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), to investigate the activity of Na(+)-dependent amino acid transport in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). We found a pronounced saturable, Na(+)-dependent component of AIB uptake in 'fresh' (non-starved) HUVEC. The Na(+)-dependent component accounted for 78% of total AIB uptake with a high sensitivity to external Na+. The accumulation of AIB was inhibited by ouabain preincubation, consistent with the energetics of Na(+)-coupled transport. Amiloride, an epithelial Na+ channel blocker, also inhibited AIB transport at high concentration. The results strongly support the presence of a Na(+)-coupled transport system of amino acid in HUVEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Lau
- Department of Physiology, Chang Gung College of Medicine and Technology, Taiwan
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Ye P, Chen BS, Wang SW. [Apolipoprotein B signal peptide insertion/deletion polymorphism in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1994; 74:341-4, 389-90. [PMID: 7994641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Insertion/deletion (Ins/Del) polymorphism of the apo B gene encoding signal peptide and its relation to coronary heart disease (CHD) and lipid trait were studied in 103 patients with CHD and 100 healthy individuals from Chinese Han nationality. The frequency of rare Del allele was 0.259, which was significantly lower than 0.34 in Caucasians (France), but higher than 0.16 in South Asian descents in UK. When the frequency distribution of the Ins/Del alleles was compared between CHD group and control group, the frequency of rare Del allele in the patient group was not apparently different from that in the control group (0.282 vs. 0.235, P > 0.05). As for the impact of the Ins/Del genotype on levels of lipid and apolipoprotein, the patients with at least one Del allele had significantly lower HDL-C level compared with those with only Ins allele in the CHD group (P < 0.01). Levels of other lipid parameters in each group were not obviously associated with the Ins/Del genotype. It is suggested that the Ins/Del polymorphism of the apo B signal peptide might be involved in lipid metabolism by an unidentified mechanism in some ethnic population. PCR is a useful method for distinguishing Ins/Del polymorphism of the apo B signal peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ye
- General Hospital, PLA Beijing
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