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Martin-Pozas T, Fernandez-Cortes A, Cuezva S, Jurado V, Gonzalez-Pimentel JL, Hermosin B, Ontañon R, Arias P, Cañaveras JC, Sanchez-Moral S, Saiz-Jimenez C. Microclimate, airborne particles, and microbiological monitoring protocol for conservation of rock-art caves: The case of the world-heritage site La Garma cave (Spain). J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119762. [PMID: 38081083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Cave heritage is often threatened by tourism or even scientific activities, which can lead to irreversible deterioration. We present a preventive conservation monitoring protocol to protect caves with rock art, focusing on La Garma Cave (Spain), a World Heritage Site with valuable archaeological materials and Palaeolithic paintings. This study assessed the suitability of the cave for tourist use through continuous microclimate and airborne particles monitoring, biofilm analysis, aerobiological monitoring and experimental visits. Our findings indicate several factors that make it inadvisable to adapt the cave for tourist use. Human presence and transit within the cave cause cumulative effects on the temperature of environmentally very stable and fragile sectors and significant resuspension of particles from the cave sediments. These environmental perturbations represent severe impacts as they affect the natural aerodynamic control of airborne particles and determine bacterial dispersal throughout the cave. This monitoring protocol provides part of the evidence to design strategies for sustainable cave management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soledad Cuezva
- Departamento de Geologia, Geografia y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alcala, 28805, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Gonzalez-Pimentel
- Departamento de Genetica, Centro Andaluz de Biologia del Desarrollo (CABD, UPO-CSIC-JA), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Bernardo Hermosin
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Roberto Ontañon
- Museo de Prehistoria y Arqueologia de Cantabria - Cuevas Prehistoricas de Cantabria, 39009, Santander, Spain
| | - Pablo Arias
- Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria (IIIPC). Universidad de Cantabria, 39009, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Cañaveras
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Medio Ambiente, Universida de Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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Gonzalez-Pimentel JL, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C, Jurado V. Streptomyces benahoarensis sp. nov. Isolated From a Lava Tube of La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:907816. [PMID: 35651486 PMCID: PMC9149447 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.907816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two Streptomyces strains, labeled as MZ03-37T and MZ03-48, were isolated from two different samples, a mucolite-type speleothem and a microbial mat on the walls of a lava tube from La Palma Island (Canary Islands). Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated sequences of six housekeeping genes indicated that both strains belonged to the same species. The closest relatives for both strains were Streptomyces palmae CMU-AB204T (98.71%), Streptomyces catenulae NRRL B-2342T (98.35%), and Streptomyces ramulosus NRRL B-2714T (98.35%). Multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA), based on five house-keeping gene alleles (i.e., atpD, gyrB, recA, rpoB, and trpB), indicated that both isolated strains were closely related to S. catenulae NRRL B-2342T. Whole-genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) scores of both strains were in the threshold value for species delineation with the closest species. Both strains presented a G+C content of 72.1 mol%. MZ03-37T was light brown in substrate and white in aerial mycelium, whereas MZ03-48 developed a black aerial and substrate mycelium. No pigment diffusion was observed in both strains. They grew at 10°C-37°C (optimum 28°C-32°C) and in the presence of up to 15% (w/v) NaCl. MZ03-37T grew at pH 5-10 (optimal 6-9), whereas MZ03-48 grew at pH 4-11 (optimal 5-10). LL-Diaminopimelic acid was the main diamino acid identified. The predominant fatty acids in both strains were iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0, C16:0, and iso-C14:0. The major isoprenoid quinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8), and the main polar lipids were aminolipid, phospholipid, and phosphoglycolipid. In silico analyses for functional annotation predicted the presence of gene clusters involved in resistome mechanisms and in the synthesis of described antimicrobials such as linocin-M18 and curamycin, as well as different genes likely involved in mechanisms for active compound synthesis, both already described and not discovered so far. On the basis of their phylogenetic relatedness and their phenotypic and genotypic features, the strains MZ03-37T and MZ03-48 represented a novel species within the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces benahoarensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MZ03-37T (= CECT 9805 = DSMZ 8002); and MZ03-48 (= CECT 9806 = DSMZ 8011) is a reference strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernardo Hermosin
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
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Jurado V, Del Rosal Y, Jimenez de Cisneros C, Liñan C, Martin-Pozas T, Gonzalez-Pimentel JL, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C. Microbial communities in carbonate precipitates from drip waters in Nerja Cave, Spain. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13399. [PMID: 35529484 PMCID: PMC9074860 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on cave microorganisms has mainly focused on the microbial communities thriving on speleothems, rocks and sediments; however, drip water bacteria and calcite precipitation has received less attention. In this study, microbial communities of carbonate precipitates from drip waters in Nerja, a show cave close to the sea in southeastern Spain, were investigated. We observed a pronounced difference in the bacterial composition of the precipitates, depending on the galleries and halls. The most abundant phylum in the precipitates of the halls close to the cave entrance was Proteobacteria, due to the low depth of this sector, the direct influence of a garden on the top soil and the infiltration of waters into the cave, as well as the abundance of members of the order Hyphomicrobiales, dispersing from plant roots, and other Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, common soil inhabitants. The influence of marine aerosols explained the presence of Marinobacter, Idiomarina, Thalassobaculum, Altererythrobacter and other bacteria due to the short distance from the cave to the sea. Nineteen out of forty six genera identified in the cave have been reported to precipitate carbonate and likely have a role in mineral deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Cristina Liñan
- Departamento de Ecologia y Geologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Bernardo Hermosin
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
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Dominguez-Moñino I, Jurado V, Rogerio-Candelera MA, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C. Airborne bacteria in show caves from Southern Spain. Microb Cell 2021; 8:247-255. [PMID: 34692820 PMCID: PMC8485469 DOI: 10.15698/mic2021.10.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a study on the airborne bacteria recorded in three Andalusian show caves, subjected to different managements. The main differences within the caves were the absence of lighting and phototrophic biofilms in Cueva de Ardales, the periodic maintenance and low occurrence of phototrophic biofilms in Gruta de las Maravillas, and the abundance of phototrophic biofilms in speleothems and walls in Cueva del Tesoro. These factors conditioned the diversity of bacteria in the caves and therefore there are large differences among the CFU m-3, determined using a suction impact collector, equipment widely used in aerobiological studies. The study of the bacterial diversity, inside and outside the caves, indicates that the air is mostly populated by bacteria thriving in the subterranean environment. In addition, the diversity seems to be related with the presence of abundant phototrophic biofilms, but not with the number of visitors received by each cave.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Bernardo Hermosin
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Gutierrez-Patricio S, Gonzalez-Pimentel JL, Miller AZ, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C, Jurado V. Paracoccus onubensis sp. nov., a novel alphaproteobacterium isolated from the wall of a show cave. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34388083 PMCID: PMC8513619 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, Gram-stain-negative, non-endospore-forming alphaproteobacterium, strain 1011MAR3C25T, was isolated from a white biofilm colonizing the walls of the Andalusian show cave Gruta de las Maravillas (Huelva, Spain). Strain 1011MAR3C25T grew at 8–42 °C (optimum, 20–30 °C), at pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 5.0–6.0) and in the presence of 0–12 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3–5 %). Cells were catalase- and oxidase-positive. The strain grew heterotrophically with various carbon sources and chemoautotrophically with thiosulfate under aerobic conditions. Results of phylogenetic analysis showed that strain 1011MAR3C25T was related to Paracoccus saliphilus DSM 18447T and Paracoccus alkanivorans LMG 30882T (97.90 % and 97.32 % 16S rRNA sequence identity values, respectively). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10 and the predominant fatty acid was C18 : 1 ω7c. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified polar lipid. The DNA G+C content was 60.3 mol%. Based on a polyphasic taxonomic study it is proposed that strain 1011MAR3C25T (=CECT 9092T=LMG 29414T) represents a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus onubensis sp. nov. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gutierrez-Patricio
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Ana Zelia Miller
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.,HERCULES Laboratory, Evora University, Largo Marquês de Marialva 8, 7000-809, Évora, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Hermosin
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Dominguez-Moñino I, Jurado V, Gonzalez-Pimentel JL, Miller AZ, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C. Bacillus onubensis sp. nov., isolated from the air of two Andalusian caves. Syst Appl Microbiol 2018; 41:167-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dominguez-Moñino I, Jurado V, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C. Paracoccus cavernae sp. nov., isolated from a show cave. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:2265-2270. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dominguez-Moñino
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Bernardo Hermosin
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Cuezva S, Fernandez-Cortes A, Porca E, Pašić L, Jurado V, Hernandez-Marine M, Serrano-Ortiz P, Hermosin B, Cañaveras JC, Sanchez-Moral S, Saiz-Jimenez C. The biogeochemical role of Actinobacteria in Altamira Cave, Spain. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2012; 81:281-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Cuezva
- Laboratorio de Petrologia Aplicada; Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente; Universidad de Alicante; Alicante; Spain
| | | | - Estefania Porca
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia IRNAS-CSIC; Sevilla; Spain
| | - Lejla Pašić
- Department of Biology; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana; Slovenia
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia IRNAS-CSIC; Sevilla; Spain
| | | | | | - Bernardo Hermosin
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia IRNAS-CSIC; Sevilla; Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Cañaveras
- Laboratorio de Petrologia Aplicada; Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente; Universidad de Alicante; Alicante; Spain
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Trubetskoj OA, Trubetskaya OE, Afanasieva GV, Reznikova OI, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C. Tandem size exclusion chromatography-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of humic acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jpln.1998.3581610604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pouli P, Fotakis C, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C, Domingo C, Oujja M, Castillejo M. The laser-induced discoloration of stonework; a comparative study on its origins and remedies. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2008; 71:932-945. [PMID: 18396096 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
For understanding the phenomena associated with the discoloration observed in some cases of infrared laser cleaned stonework surfaces, a comparative study of three different types and morphologies of pollution encrustation and stone substrates was undertaken. Fragments originating from monuments with historic and/or artistic value, bearing homogeneous thin soiling on Pentelic marble (Athens, Greece), thick encrustation on Hontoria limestone (Burgos, Spain) and compact thin crust on gypsum decorations (Athens, Greece), have been studied on the basis of their composition and origin, together with the conditions that may induce yellowing effects upon their laser cleaning with IR wavelengths. While irradiation in the UV (i.e. at 355 nm) could not effectively remove the encrustations studied, irradiation at 1,064 nm was found efficient to remove all the studied pollution accumulations. Discoloration towards yellow was evident in all cases and at different levels, including the samples with intentional patination layer. To the limit of Raman detection no chemical alterations were detected on the irradiated areas while the presence of yellow polar compounds in all the pollution crusts studied supports the argument that the discoloration of the stone surfaces upon their IR irradiation may be due to the uncovering of existing yellow layers as result of the migration of these compounds inwards to the original stone surface. To correct and/or prevent such undesired coloration the use of IR and UV radiation both in sequential and synchronous mode was considered, with positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pouli
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Lasers (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), P.O. Box 1385, Heraklion, Crete 71110, Greece.
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Bonazza A, Sabbioni C, Ghedini N, Hermosin B, Jurado V, Gonzalez JM, Saiz-Jimenez C. Did smoke from the Kuwait oil well fires affect Iranian archaeological heritage? Environ Sci Technol 2007; 41:2378-86. [PMID: 17438790 DOI: 10.1021/es062176s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The combustion of crude oil produces a wide range of pollutants, including gases, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, acid compounds (e.g., sulfuric acid), and soot. Several of these pollutants have been linked with the deterioration and blackening of monuments. The paper reports the results of an investigation on the causes of the soiling of cultural remains at important archaeological sites in the provinces of Khuzestan and Fars, in southern Iran, assumed to be an effect of the Persian Gulf oil well fires of 1991. Different analytical techniques were applied to characterize the mineralogical composition of the damage layers, investigate the deposition of atmospheric particles, measure the anion concentrations, and identify and quantify the carbon components. The results showed that the black deposits on the surfaces of the Iranian monuments considered are mainly microbiotic crusts produced by cyanobacterial growth. No evidence was found of the deposition of particulate matter (smoke) produced by the Kuwait oil fires during the Gulf War.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bonazza
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council (CNR), Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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Sanchez-Cortes S, Corrado G, Trubetskaya OE, Trubetskoj OA, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of chernozem humic acid and their fractions obtained by coupled size exclusion chromatography-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SEC-PAGE). Appl Spectrosc 2006; 60:48-53. [PMID: 16454910 DOI: 10.1366/000370206775382695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A humic acid extracted from a chernozem soil was fractionated combining size exclusion chromatography and polyacrylamide electrophoresis (SEC-PAGE). Three fractions named A, B, and C+D, with different electrophoretic mobilities and molecular sizes (MS), were obtained and subsequently characterized by thermochemolysis and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The data confirmed that fraction A, with the higher MS, was more aliphatic than fractions B and C+D and, in turn, fractions with lower MS (B and C+D) denoted an enrichment in lignin residues. These structural features explain conformational changes when varying the pH in the humic fraction A and indicated that combination of the two techniques is a good approach for characterizing humic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sanchez-Cortes
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Gonzalez JM, Jurado V, Laiz L, Zimmermann J, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C. Pectinatus portalensis nov. sp., a relatively fast-growing, coccoidal, novel Pectinatus species isolated from a wastewater treatment plant. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2005; 86:241-7. [PMID: 15539928 DOI: 10.1023/b:anto.0000047931.55259.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The genus Pectinatus is currently composed by two species, Pectinatus cerevisiiphilus and Pectinatus frisingensis , both asociated with beer spoilage. This study describes a novel isolate (strain B6) retrieved from a wastewater treatment plant collecting residues from a large number of wineries. Based on similarity analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain B6 belongs to the genus Pectinatus . Strain B6 is a strict anaerobe like other Pectinatus species and it presents non-motile, coccoid cells showing a slight oval shape. Strain B6 shows marked physiological differences with other Pectinatus species both in fatty acid composition and carbon source utilization. The most abundant fatty acids found in strain B6 were 18:1 (42.8%) and 16:0 (18.3%) representing a total of over 61% of fatty acids in this microorganism while these fatty acids represented 41.3% in P. cerevisiiphilusT and 2.4% in P. frisingensisT of their total. Fatty acid 15:0 was not significant in strain B6 and represented 28.6% and 13.3% for P. cerevisiiphilusT and P. frisingensisT, respectively. Strain B6 showed a faster growth rate and higher optimum temperature than its relatives P. cerevisiiphilus and P. frisingensis . Strain B6, P. cerevisiiphilus and P. frisingensis could be clearly differentiated by acid production tests from substrates such as esculine and gluconate, and the lack of acid production from rhamnose and fucose among others. G+C mol% content in strain B6 is 36.5%. Based on genotypic and phenotypic differences, strain B6 is proposed as a novel Pectinatus species, P. portalensis nov. sp. Both strain B6 and the two described species of Pectinatus grow on beers and wines. These results provide insights about the origin and reservoirs of Pectinatus species and spoiling alcoholic beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Gonzalez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain.
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Gaviño M, Hermosin B, Vergès-Belmin V, Nowik W, Saiz-Jimenez C. Composition of the black crusts from the Saint Denis Basilica, France, as revealed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2004; 27:513-23. [PMID: 15335033 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200301626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The organic fraction of black crusts from Saint Denis Basilica, France, is composed of a complex mixture of aliphatic and aromatic compounds. These compounds were studied by two different analytical approaches: tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) thermochemolysis in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and solvent extraction, fractionation by silica column, and identification of the fraction components by GC-MS. The first approach, feasible at the microscale level, is able to supply fairly general information on a wide range of compounds. Using the second approach, we were able to separate the complex mixture of compounds into four fractions, enabling a better identification of the extractable compounds. These compounds belong to different classes: aliphatic hydrocarbons (nalkanes, n-alkenes), aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids (n-fatty acids, alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acids, and benzenecarboxylic acids), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and molecular biomarkers (isoprenoid hydrocarbons, diterpenoids, and triterpenoids). With each approach, similar classes of compounds were identified, although TMAH thermochemolysis failed to identify compounds present at low concentrations in black crusts. The two proposed methodological approaches are complementary, particularly in the study of polar fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gaviño
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
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Abstract
The holy water fonts from the churches of Seville, Spain have a strong bacterial contamination. Coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae and other pathogenic bacteria are widely represented in the fonts investigated. Thirty out of the 37 different species isolated from holy waters are known human pathogens. The high bacterial contamination is related to human skin transmission and, probably, to misuse of the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla, CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
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Laiz L, Groth I, Schumann P, Zezza F, Felske A, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C. Microbiology of the stalactites from Grotta dei Cervi, Porto Badisco, Italy. Int Microbiol 2000; 3:25-30. [PMID: 10963330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The active stalactites from Grotta dei Cervi, Porto Badisco, southeastern Italy, were sampled to investigate the microbial communities present in these speleothems. Sampling was carried out in a transect about 150 m long in the central gallery, where numerous Gram-positive bacteria were isolated. Actinomycetes of the genus Streptomyces were the most abundant, followed by members of the genus Bacillus. Further isolates were assigned to the genera Amycolatopsis, Arthrobacter; Agromyces. Micrococcus, Nocardiopsis and Rhodococcus of the order Actinomycetales. The ability of actinomycetes to colonize subterranean environments is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Laiz
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
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Gonzalez I, Laiz L, Hermosin B, Caballero B, Incerti C, Saiz-Jimenez C. Bacteria isolated from rock art paintings: the case of Atlanterra shelter (south Spain). J Microbiol Methods 1999; 36:123-7. [PMID: 10353806 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7012(99)00017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Sierra de la Plata is an Aljibe yellow sandstone formation from the Acheulian period. There are a few shelters, some of them with rock art paintings. The most representative one, and subjected to anthropogenic pressure, is that of Atlanterra, situated in a residential area. This shelter contains some rock art paintings made with iron oxides. The bacteria present in these paintings were isolated and identified using an automatic method: fatty acid methyl esters profiling. Most of the bacteria belong to the Bacillus genus, B. megaterium being the most abundant species. The isolated strains are able to reduce hematite. This is significant due to the fact that Fe(III)-(hydr)oxides are the most abundant pigments in rock art.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gonzalez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
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Fobe BO, Vleugels GJ, Roekens EJ, Van Grieken RE, Hermosin B, Ortega-Calvo JJ, Sanchez Del Junco A, Saiz-Jimenez C. Organic and inorganic compounds in limestone weathering crusts from cathedrals in southern and Western europe. Environ Sci Technol 1995; 29:1691-1701. [PMID: 22276897 DOI: 10.1021/es00006a038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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