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Grijalva Garces D, Strauß S, Gretzinger S, Schmieg B, Jüngst T, Groll J, Meinel L, Schmidt I, Hartmann H, Schenke-Layland K, Brandt N, Selzer M, Zimmermann S, Koltay P, Southan A, Tovar GEM, Schmidt S, Weber A, Ahlfeld T, Gelinsky M, Scheibel T, Detsch R, Boccaccini AR, Naolou T, Lee-Thedieck C, Willems C, Groth T, Allgeier S, Köhler B, Friedrich T, Briesen H, Buchholz J, Paulus D, von Gladiss A, Hubbuch J. On the reproducibility of extrusion-based bioprinting: round robin study on standardization in the field. Biofabrication 2023; 16:015002. [PMID: 37769669 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acfe3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The outcome of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting heavily depends, amongst others, on the interaction between the developed bioink, the printing process, and the printing equipment. However, if this interplay is ensured, bioprinting promises unmatched possibilities in the health care area. To pave the way for comparing newly developed biomaterials, clinical studies, and medical applications (i.e. printed organs, patient-specific tissues), there is a great need for standardization of manufacturing methods in order to enable technology transfers. Despite the importance of such standardization, there is currently a tremendous lack of empirical data that examines the reproducibility and robustness of production in more than one location at a time. In this work, we present data derived from a round robin test for extrusion-based 3D printing performance comprising 12 different academic laboratories throughout Germany and analyze the respective prints using automated image analysis (IA) in three independent academic groups. The fabrication of objects from polymer solutions was standardized as much as currently possible to allow studying the comparability of results from different laboratories. This study has led to the conclusion that current standardization conditions still leave room for the intervention of operators due to missing automation of the equipment. This affects significantly the reproducibility and comparability of bioprinting experiments in multiple laboratories. Nevertheless, automated IA proved to be a suitable methodology for quality assurance as three independently developed workflows achieved similar results. Moreover, the extracted data describing geometric features showed how the function of printers affects the quality of the printed object. A significant step toward standardization of the process was made as an infrastructure for distribution of material and methods, as well as for data transfer and storage was successfully established.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Grijalva Garces
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Svenja Strauß
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sarah Gretzinger
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmieg
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tomasz Jüngst
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Schmidt
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Hanna Hartmann
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nico Brandt
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Selzer
- Institute for Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Koltay
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Southan
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Functional Surfaces and Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Günter E M Tovar
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Functional Surfaces and Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sarah Schmidt
- Functional Surfaces and Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Achim Weber
- Functional Surfaces and Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tilman Ahlfeld
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Chair of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Toufik Naolou
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lee-Thedieck
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Willems
- Department Biomedical Materials, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Department Biomedical Materials, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stephan Allgeier
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Bernd Köhler
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Tiaan Friedrich
- Process Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Heiko Briesen
- Process Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Janine Buchholz
- Institute for Computational Visualistics, Active Vision Group, University of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Dietrich Paulus
- Institute for Computational Visualistics, Active Vision Group, University of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Anselm von Gladiss
- Institute for Computational Visualistics, Active Vision Group, University of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Sobol B, Hoffmeister P, Scherr AL, Kessler A, Nader L, Schmitt N, Jäger D, Welte S, Seidensaal K, Christopoulos P, Kriegsmann K, Fröhling S, Kriegsmann M, Köhler B. 8P Targeting antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins with highly specific BH3 mimetics in solid tumors. ESMO Open 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Köhler B, Schubert L, Barth M, Nakahata K. Electromechanical Reciprocity Applied to the Sensing Properties of Guided Elastic Wave Transducers. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 23:150. [PMID: 36616746 PMCID: PMC9824306 DOI: 10.3390/s23010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Guided elastic wave (GEW) transducers for structural health monitoring (SHM) can act as transmitters (senders) and receivers (sensors). Their performance in both cases depends on the structure to which they are coupled. Therefore, they must be characterized as system transducer- structure. The characterization of the transducer-structure as transmitter using a Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer (SLDV) is straightforward, whereas its characterization as receiver is non-trivial. We propose to exploit electromechanical reciprocity, which is an identity between the transfer functions of electrical-to-mechanical and mechanical-to-electrical conversions. For this purpose, the well-known electromechanical reciprocity theorem was adapted to the following situation: The two reciprocal states are "electrical excitation and detection of the surface velocity at point P" and "mechanical excitation at P and measurement of the electrical quantities". According to the derived formulas, the quantities on the mechanical and electrical sides must be chosen appropriately to ensure reciprocity as well as that the corresponding transfer functions are equal. We demonstrate the reciprocity with experimental data for correctly chosen transfer functions and show the deviation in reciprocity for a different choice. Furthermore, we propose further applications of electromechanical reciprocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Köhler
- Fraunhofer IKTS, Maria-Reiche Str. 2, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Schubert
- Fraunhofer IKTS, Maria-Reiche Str. 2, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Barth
- Fraunhofer IKTS, Maria-Reiche Str. 2, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kazuyuki Nakahata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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Stache N, Sterenczak KA, Sperlich K, Marfurt CF, Allgeier S, Köhler B, Mikut R, Bartschat A, Reichert KM, Guthoff RF, Stachs A, Stachs O, Bohn S. Assessment of dynamic corneal nerve changes using static landmarks by in vivo large-area confocal microscopy—a longitudinal proof-of-concept study. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:4734-4746. [PMID: 36185050 PMCID: PMC9511428 DOI: 10.21037/qims-22-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of the present proof-of-concept study was to use large-area in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) mosaics to determine the migration rates of nerve branching points in the human corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SNP). Methods Three healthy individuals were examined roughly weekly over a total period of six weeks by large-area in vivo confocal microscopy of the central cornea. An in-house developed prototype system for guided eye movement with an acquisition time of 40 s was used to image and generate large-area mosaics of the SNP. Kobayashi-structures and nerve entry points (EPs) were used as fixed structures to enable precise mosaic registration over time. The migration rate of 10 prominent nerve fiber branching points per participant was tracked and quantified over the longitudinal period. Results Total investigation times of 10 minutes maximum per participant were used to generate mosaic images with an average size of 3.61 mm2 (range: 3.18–4.42 mm2). Overall mean branching point migration rates of (46.4±14.3), (48.8±15.5), and (50.9±13.9) µm/week were found for the three participants with no statistically significant difference. Longitudinal analyses of nerve branching point migration over time revealed significant time-dependent changes in migration rate only in participant 3 between the last two measurements [(63.7±12.3) and (43.0±12.5) µm/week, P<0.01]. Considering individual branching point dynamics, significant differences in nerve migration rate from the mean were only found in a few exceptions. Conclusions The results of this proof-of-concept study have demonstrated the feasibility of using in vivo confocal microscopy to study the migration rates of corneal subbasal nerves within large areas of the central human cornea (>1 mm2). The ability to monitor dynamic changes in the SNP opens a window to future studies of corneal nerve health and regenerative capacity in a number of systemic and ocular diseases. Since corneal nerves are considered part of the peripheral nervous system, this technique could also offer an objective diagnostic tool and biomarker for disease- or treatment-induced neuropathic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Stache
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina A. Sterenczak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karsten Sperlich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Carl F. Marfurt
- Department of Anatomy Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, USA
| | - Stephan Allgeier
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernd Köhler
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralf Mikut
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Bartschat
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Klaus-Martin Reichert
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rudolf F. Guthoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Angrit Stachs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver Stachs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bohn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Bohn S, Stache N, Sperlich K, Allgeier S, Köhler B, Bartschat A, Do HV, George C, Guthoff RF, Stachs A, Stachs O, Sterenczak KA. In Vivo Monitoring of Corneal Dendritic Cells in the Subbasal Nerve Plexus during Trastuzumab and Paclitaxel Breast Cancer Therapy—A One-Year Follow-Up. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051180. [PMID: 35626335 PMCID: PMC9139605 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel and trastuzumab have been associated with adverse effects including chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) or ocular complications. In vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of the cornea could be suitable for assessing side effects since the cornea is susceptible to, i.e., neurotoxic stimuli. The study represents a one-year follow-up of a breast cancer patient including large-area in vivo CLSM of the subbasal nerve plexus (SNP), nerve function testing, and questionnaires during paclitaxel and trastuzumab therapy. Six monitoring sessions (one baseline, four during, and one after therapy) over 58 weeks were carried out. Large-area mosaics of the SNP were generated, and identical regions within all sessions were assigned. While corneal nerve morphology did not cause alterations, the number of dendritic cells (DCs) showed dynamic changes with a local burst at 11 weeks after baseline. Simultaneously, paclitaxel treatment was terminated due to side effects, which, together with DCs, returned to normal levels as the therapy progressed. Longitudinal in vivo CLSM of the SNP could complement routine examinations and be helpful to generate a comprehensive clinical picture. The applied techniques, with corneal structures acting as biomarkers could represent a diagnostic tool for the objective assessment of the severity of adverse events and the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bohn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.B.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (H.-V.D.); (R.F.G.); (O.S.)
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Nadine Stache
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.B.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (H.-V.D.); (R.F.G.); (O.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (C.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Karsten Sperlich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.B.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (H.-V.D.); (R.F.G.); (O.S.)
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephan Allgeier
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.A.); (B.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Bernd Köhler
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.A.); (B.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Andreas Bartschat
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.A.); (B.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Ha-Vy Do
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.B.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (H.-V.D.); (R.F.G.); (O.S.)
| | - Christian George
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (C.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Rudolf F. Guthoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.B.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (H.-V.D.); (R.F.G.); (O.S.)
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Angrit Stachs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (C.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Oliver Stachs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.B.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (H.-V.D.); (R.F.G.); (O.S.)
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina Anna Sterenczak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.B.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (H.-V.D.); (R.F.G.); (O.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (C.G.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Gartsev S, Zuo P, Rjelka M, Mayer A, Köhler B. Nonlinear interaction of Rayleigh waves in isotropic materials: Numerical and experimental investigation. Ultrasonics 2022; 122:106664. [PMID: 35144078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface treatment intensity monitoring is still an open and challenging nondestructive testing problem. For the estimation of residual stress with ultrasonic measurements, local linear and nonlinear elastic constants are needed as input. In this paper, nonlinear elastic-wave interactions (also called wave mixing or scattering) - namely, the generation of secondary ultrasonic waves in a nonlinear medium - are considered as a prospective means for near-surface nonlinear elastic parameter evaluation. The allowed interactions between bulk and surface waves, as well as the dependence of the scattering efficiency on the frequency and angle between source waves, were investigated through an analytical model, then compared with FEM simulations and experimental results. Finally, possible future steps for the development of the applied methods for the determination of near-surface higher-order elastic constants are discussed. In addition, several problem-relevant data processing procedures are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Gartsev
- Fraunhofer IKTS, Maria Reiche Str. 2, 01109 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Peng Zuo
- Imperial College London, City and Guilds Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marek Rjelka
- Fraunhofer IKTS, Maria Reiche Str. 2, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Mayer
- Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, Klosterstr. 14, 77723 Gengenbach, Germany
| | - Bernd Köhler
- Fraunhofer IKTS, Maria Reiche Str. 2, 01109 Dresden, Germany
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7
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Allgeier S, Bartschat A, Bohn S, Guthoff RF, Hagenmeyer V, Kornelius L, Mikut R, Reichert KM, Sperlich K, Stache N, Stachs O, Köhler B. Real-time large-area imaging of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2481. [PMID: 35169133 PMCID: PMC8847362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphometric assessment of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SNP) by confocal microscopy holds great potential as a sensitive biomarker for various ocular and systemic conditions and diseases. Automated wide-field montages (or large-area mosaic images) of the SNP provide an opportunity to overcome the limited field of view of the available imaging systems without the need for manual, subjective image selection for morphometric characterization. However, current wide-field montaging solutions usually calculate the mosaic image after the examination session, without a reliable means for the clinician to predict or estimate the resulting mosaic image quality during the examination. This contribution describes a novel approach for a real-time creation and visualization of a mosaic image of the SNP that facilitates an informed evaluation of the quality of the acquired image data immediately at the time of recording. In cases of insufficient data quality, the examination can be aborted and repeated immediately, while the patient is still at the microscope. Online mosaicking also offers the chance to identify an overlap of the imaged tissue region with previous SNP mosaic images, which can be particularly advantageous for follow-up examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Allgeier
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Andreas Bartschat
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bohn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rudolf F Guthoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Veit Hagenmeyer
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lukas Kornelius
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralf Mikut
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Klaus-Martin Reichert
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karsten Sperlich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nadine Stache
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver Stachs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Köhler
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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8
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Ahmed MFE, Alssahen M, Lämmler C, Köhler B, Metzner M, Plötz M, Abdulmawjood A. Identification of Trueperella bernardiae isolated from peking ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) by phenotypical and genotypical investigations and by a newly developed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 67:277-284. [PMID: 34780047 PMCID: PMC8933347 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Trueperella (T.) bernardiae is a well-known bacterial pathogen in infections of humans, rarely in animals. In the present study, five T. bernardiae isolates, isolated from five Peking ducks of four different farms, were identified by phenotypic properties, by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis, and genotypically by sequencing the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, the superoxide dismutase A encoding gene sodA, and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase encoding gene gap. In addition, the T. bernardiae isolates could be identified with a newly developed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay based on the gyrase encoding housekeeping gene gyrA. All these tests clearly identified the T. bernardiae isolates to the species level. However, the detection of the specific gene gyrA with the newly designed LAMP assay appeared with a high sensitivity and specificity, and could help to identify this bacterial species in human and animal infections in future. The importance of the T. bernardiae isolates for the clinical condition of the ducks and for the problems at farm level remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa F E Ahmed
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Elgomhoria Street 60, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.,Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mazen Alssahen
- Institut für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten der Tiere, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurterstraße 85-91, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Christoph Lämmler
- Institut für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten der Tiere, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurterstraße 85-91, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Bernd Köhler
- Ripac-Labor GmbH, Am Mühlenberg 11, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Metzner
- Ripac-Labor GmbH, Am Mühlenberg 11, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Madeleine Plötz
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amir Abdulmawjood
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
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10
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Kalkowski MK, Lowe MJS, Barth M, Rjelka M, Köhler B. How does grazing incidence ultrasonic microscopy work? A study based on grain-scale numerical simulations. Ultrasonics 2021; 114:106387. [PMID: 33610965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Grazing incidence ultrasonic microscopy (GIUM) is an experimental method for visualising the microstructures of polycrystals with local preferential orientations. It has previously been demonstrated on an austenitic stainless steel weld, exposing grains much smaller than the propagating wavelength, but the physical mechanism of the method has only been proposed as a hypothesis. In this paper, we use grain-scale finite element simulations based on the EBSD measurements to verify the principles behind GIUM images further and to assess how deep does the method penetrate the component under examination. The simulations indicate that while lateral contraction of grains contains microstructure signatures, the free surface effect is the crucial factor contributing to the generation of the images. Further, we show that only features up to the depth in the order of the average grain size in that direction can be visualised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Barth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marek Rjelka
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Köhler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, 01109 Dresden, Germany
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11
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Sterenczak KA, Stache N, Bohn S, Allgeier S, Köhler B, Bartschat A, George C, Guthoff RF, Stachs O, Stachs A. Burst of Corneal Dendritic Cells during Trastuzumab and Paclitaxel Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11050838. [PMID: 34066952 PMCID: PMC8148560 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During breast cancer therapy, paclitaxel and trastuzumab are both associated with adverse effects such as chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and other systemic side effects including ocular complications. Corneal nerves are considered part of the peripheral nervous system and can be imaged non-invasively by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) on the cellular level. Thus, in vivo CLSM imaging of structures of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SNP) such as sensory nerves or dendritic cells (DCs) can be a powerful tool for the assessment of corneal complications during cancer treatment. During the present study, the SNP of a breast cancer patient was analyzed over time by using large-scale in vivo CLSM in the course of paclitaxel and trastuzumab therapy. The same corneal regions could be re-identified over time. While the subbasal nerve morphology did not alter significantly, a change in dendritic cell density and an additional local burst within the first 11 weeks of therapy was detected, indicating treatment-mediated corneal inflammatory processes. Ocular structures such as nerves and dendritic cells could represent useful biomarkers for the assessment of ocular adverse effects during cancer therapy and their management, leading to a better visual prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina A. Sterenczak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.S.); (S.B.); (R.F.G.); (O.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nadine Stache
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.S.); (S.B.); (R.F.G.); (O.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (C.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Sebastian Bohn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.S.); (S.B.); (R.F.G.); (O.S.)
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephan Allgeier
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.A.); (B.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Bernd Köhler
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.A.); (B.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Andreas Bartschat
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.A.); (B.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Christian George
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (C.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Rudolf F. Guthoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.S.); (S.B.); (R.F.G.); (O.S.)
| | - Oliver Stachs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.S.); (S.B.); (R.F.G.); (O.S.)
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Angrit Stachs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (C.G.); (A.S.)
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12
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Sterenczak KA, Winter K, Sperlich K, Stahnke T, Linke S, Farrokhi S, Klemm M, Allgeier S, Köhler B, Reichert KM, Guthoff RF, Bohn S, Stachs O. Morphological characterization of the human corneal epithelium by in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:1737-1750. [PMID: 33936961 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Regarding the growing interest and importance of understanding the cellular changes of the cornea in diseases, a quantitative cellular characterization of the epithelium is becoming increasingly important. Towards this, the latest research offers considerable improvements in imaging of the cornea by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). This study presents a pipeline to generate normative morphological data of epithelial cell layers of healthy human corneas. Methods 3D in vivo CLSM was performed on the eyes of volunteers (n=25) with a Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II equipped with an in-house modified version of the Rostock Cornea Module implementing two dedicated piezo actuators and a concave contact cap. Image data were acquired with nearly isotropic voxel resolution. After image registration, stacks of en-face sections were used to generate full-thickness volume data sets of the epithelium. Beyond that, an image analysis algorithm quantified en-face sections of epithelial cells regarding the depth-dependent mean of cell density, area, diameter, aggregation (Clark and Evans index of aggregation), neighbor count and polygonality. Results Imaging and cell segmentation were successfully performed in all subjects. Thereby intermediated cells were efficiently recognized by the segmentation algorithm while efficiency for superficial and basal cells was reduced. Morphological parameters showed an increased mean cell density, decreased mean cell area and mean diameter from anterior to posterior (5,197.02 to 8,190.39 cells/mm2; 160.51 to 90.29 µm2; 15.9 to 12.3 µm respectively). Aggregation gradually increased from anterior to posterior ranging from 1.45 to 1.53. Average neighbor count increased from 5.50 to a maximum of 5.66 followed by a gradual decrease to 5.45 within the normalized depth from anterior to posterior. Polygonality gradually decreased ranging from 4.93 to 4.64 sides of cells. The neighbor count and polygonality parameters exhibited profound depth-dependent changes. Conclusions This in vivo study demonstrates the successful implementation of a CLSM-based imaging pipeline for cellular characterization of the human corneal epithelium. The dedicated hardware in combination with an adapted image registration method to correct the remaining motion-induced image distortions followed by a dedicated algorithm to calculate characteristic quantities of different epithelial cell layers enabled the generation of normative data. Further significant effort is necessary to improve the algorithm for superficial and basal cell segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karsten Winter
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Sperlich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Stahnke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephan Linke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Zentrumsehstärke, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sanaz Farrokhi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maren Klemm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Allgeier
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernd Köhler
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Klaus-Martin Reichert
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rudolf F Guthoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bohn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver Stachs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Andréasson M, Lagali N, Badian RA, Utheim TP, Scarpa F, Colonna A, Allgeier S, Bartschat A, Köhler B, Mikut R, Reichert KM, Solders G, Samuelsson K, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Svenningsson P. Parkinson's disease with restless legs syndrome-an in vivo corneal confocal microscopy study. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:4. [PMID: 33402694 PMCID: PMC7785738 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-020-00148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) has been suggested as a trigger of restless legs syndrome (RLS). An increased prevalence of peripheral neuropathy has been demonstrated in Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to investigate, in a cross-sectional manner, whether SFN is overrepresented in PD patients with concurrent RLS relative to PD patients without RLS, using in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCCM) and quantitative sensory testing (QST) as part of small fiber assessment. Study participants comprised of age- and sex-matched PD patients with (n = 21) and without RLS (n = 21), and controls (n = 13). Diagnosis of RLS was consolidated with the sensory suggested immobilization test. Assessments included nerve conduction studies (NCS), Utah Early Neuropathy Scale (UENS), QST, and IVCCM, with automated determination of corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) and branch density (CNBD) from wide-area mosaics of the subbasal nerve plexus. Plasma neurofilament light (p-NfL) was determined as a measure of axonal degeneration. No significant differences were found between groups when comparing CNFL (p = 0.81), CNBD (p = 0.92), NCS (p = 0.82), and QST (minimum p = 0.54). UENS scores, however, differed significantly (p = 0.001), with post-hoc pairwise testing revealing higher scores in both PD groups relative to controls (p = 0.018 and p = 0.001). Analysis of all PD patients (n = 42) revealed a correlation between the duration of L-dopa therapy and CNBD (ρ = -0.36, p = 0.022), and p-NfL correlated with UENS (ρ = 0.35, p = 0.026) and NCS (ρ = -0.51, p = 0.001). Small and large fiber neuropathy do not appear to be associated with RLS in PD. Whether peripheral small and/or large fiber pathology associates with central neurodegeneration in PD merits further longitudinal studies.
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Grants
- Received funding from Hofgren’s fond, NEURO Sweden, for the present study
- Massachusetts Department of Fish and Game (DFG)
- Parts of the work were funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – Project 273371152
- HZ is a Wallenberg Scholar supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (#2018-02532), the European Research Council (#681712), Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (#ALFGBG-720931), the Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF), USA (#201809-2016862), and the UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL. KB is supported by the Swedish Research Council (#2017-00915), the Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF), USA (#RDAPB-201809-2016615), the Swedish Alzheimer Foundation (#AF-742881), Hjärnfonden, Sweden (#FO2017-0243), the Swedish State under the agreement between the Swedish government and the County Councils, the ALF-agreement (#ALFGBG-715986), and European Union Joint Program for Neurodegenerative Disorders (JPND2019-466-236).
- Received funding from Region Stockholm ALF programme
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Andréasson
- Center for Neurology, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Neil Lagali
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Reza A Badian
- Unit of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Fabio Scarpa
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessia Colonna
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stephan Allgeier
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Bartschat
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernd Köhler
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralf Mikut
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Klaus-Martin Reichert
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Göran Solders
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristin Samuelsson
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- UCL Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Center for Neurology, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Bohn S, Stahnke T, Sperlich K, Linke SJ, Farrokhi S, Klemm M, Allgeier S, Köhler B, Reichert KM, Witt M, Stachs O, Guthoff RF. In vivo Histology of the Cornea - from the "Rostock Cornea Module" to the "Rostock Electronic Slit Lamp" - a Clinical "Proof of Concept" Study. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2020; 237:1442-1454. [PMID: 33231276 DOI: 10.1055/a-1297-4717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Confocal in vivo microscopy is an established method in ophthalmology research. As it requires contact coupling and calibration of the instruments is suboptimal, this method has been only rarely used in clinical routine work. As a result of close collaboration between physicists, information scientists and ophthalmologists, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of the eye has been developed in recent years and a prototype can now be used in patients. The present study evaluates possible clinical uses of this method. MATERIAL AND METHODS The essential innovations in CLSM are (1) a newly designed coupling element with superficial adaptation to corneal curvature and (2) the use of a dual computerised piezo drive for rapid and precise focusing. In post-processing and after elastic imaging registration of the individual images parallel to the surface, it is also possible to produce sagittal sections resembling a split lamp and with resolution in the micrometer range. The concept was tested on enucleated pig bulbi and tested on normal volunteers and selected patients with diseases of the cornea. RESULTS Simultaneous imaging in planes parallel to the surface and in sagittal planes provided additional information that can help us to understand the processes of wound healing in all substructures of the cornea and the role of immune competent cells. Possible clinical uses were demonstrated in a volunteer with healthy eyes and several groups of patients (keratoconus after CXL, recurrent keratitis, status after PRK). These show that this new approach can be used in morphological studies at cellular level in any desired and appropriate test plane. CONCLUSIONS It could be shown that this new concept of CLSM can be used clinically. It can provide valuable and novel information to both preclinical researchers and to ophthalmologists interested in corneal disease, e.g. density of Langerhans cells and epithelial stratification in ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bohn
- Universitätsaugenklinik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Deutschland.,Department Leben, Licht & Materie, Universität Rostock, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Stahnke
- Universitätsaugenklinik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Deutschland.,Department Leben, Licht & Materie, Universität Rostock, Deutschland
| | - Karsten Sperlich
- Universitätsaugenklinik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Deutschland.,Department Leben, Licht & Materie, Universität Rostock, Deutschland
| | - Stephan J Linke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Deutschland.,Augenarztpraxis am UKE, Zentrumsehstärke, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Sanaz Farrokhi
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Deutschland
| | - Maren Klemm
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Deutschland
| | - Stephan Allgeier
- Institut für Automation und angewandte Informatik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Deutschland
| | - Bernd Köhler
- Institut für Automation und angewandte Informatik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Deutschland
| | - Klaus-Martin Reichert
- Institut für Automation und angewandte Informatik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Deutschland
| | - Martin Witt
- Institut für Anatomie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Deutschland
| | - Oliver Stachs
- Universitätsaugenklinik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Deutschland.,Department Leben, Licht & Materie, Universität Rostock, Deutschland
| | - Rudolf F Guthoff
- Universitätsaugenklinik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Deutschland.,Department Leben, Licht & Materie, Universität Rostock, Deutschland
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Köhm M, Ohrndorf S, Rossmanith T, Backhaus M, Burmester GR, Wassenberg S, Köhler B, Burkhardt H, Behrens F. AB1111 PREDICTIVE VALUE OF FLUORESCENCE-OPTICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUE IN DETECTION OF PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS IN PSORIASIS PATIENTS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Psoriasis (Pso) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases in Europe. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is closely associated to Pso whereas the skin manifestation appears usually years before PsA-related symptoms emerge. Up to 30% of Pso patients develop PsA, but there is no clear correlation between disease duration of Pso and PsA development. Therefore, biomarkers for its early detection are of major importance. In early PsA, changes in synovial vascularisation combined with increased expression of proangiogenic factors appear first. Therefore, imaging biomarkers for detection of changes in vascularisation might be useful for early detection of musculoskeletal disease. Fluorescence-optical imaging (FOI) is a new method to detect changes in microvascularisation of the hands.Objectives:To determine the number of positive PsA diagnosis within a 24 month follow-up period in PsO only patients with subclinical MSK-inflammation detected in FOI.Methods:Sensitivity of FOI for detection of subclinical signs of musculoskeletal inflammation as biomarker for early PsA was observed in a prospective, multicentre study (XCITING) including patients with dermatological confirmed skin psoriasis. 411 patients were included from dermatology care units across Germany without diagnosis of PsA but potential risk factors for its development (nail psoriasis and/or joint pain or swelling within the last 6 months). Clinical examination (CE; swollen (66) and tender (68) joint count, enthesitis, dactylitis assessment) and standardised ultrasound (US) assessment was performed by a qualified rheumatologist to assess musculoskeletal inflammation. FOI was performed additionally. Data was analysed in focus on increased vascularisation of musculoskeletal structures as inflammatory markers. In case of discrepant results (positive FOI and negative CE and US), MRI was performed to prove the findings. In case of MRI negativity, a follow-up period of 24-months was performed including FOI, CE, US and MRI assessment.Results:83 of the 411 patients of the cohort were negative in all assessments (Pso only), 136 of the 411 patients were classified as PsA by rheumatologic assessments. 119 patients showed subclinical signs of musculoskeletal inflammation in the central reading of FOI, whereas CE and US were negative. In 37,5% of those patients, subclinical inflammation was confirmed by MRI assessment. 22 patients of the cohort without MRI positivity were willing to be followed up until month 24. 5 (7.5%) patients developed a clinical PsA until month 24 whereas 7 (10.5%) patients converted to be FOI negative. In 5 patients an additional MRI examination was performed in which one patient showed positive signs for inflammation.Conclusion:FOI is an innovative method for measurement of changes in microvascularisation in the hands. 6/22 patients initial only positive in FOI (no clinical signs for PsA, negative US, negative MRI) developed either clinical evident PsA (n=5) or new inflammation in MRI (n=1) during follow-up of 24 months. Therefore, FOI positive signals in PsO patients increase the probability for PsA development.Figure 1.Flow Chart of the Follow-up period of the XCITING study.Disclosure of Interests:Michaela Köhm Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Janssen, BMS, LEO, Consultant of: BMS, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, BMS, Janssen, Novartis, Sarah Ohrndorf: None declared, Tanja Rossmanith Grant/research support from: Janssen, BMS, LEO, Pfizer, Marina Backhaus Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Gerd Rüdiger Burmester Consultant of: AbbVie Inc, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Janssen, Merck, Roche, Pfizer, and UCB Pharma, Speakers bureau: AbbVie Inc, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Janssen, Merck, Roche, Pfizer, and UCB Pharma, Siegfried Wassenberg: None declared, Benjamin Köhler Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Harald Burkhardt Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Consultant of: Sanofi, Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Boehringer Ingelheim, UCB, Eli Lilly, Chugai, Bristol Myer Scripps, Janssen, and Novartis, Speakers bureau: Sanofi, Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Boehringer Ingelheim, UCB, Eli Lilly, Chugai, Bristol Myer Scripps, Janssen, and Novartis, Frank Behrens Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Janssen, Chugai, Celgene, Lilly and Roche, Consultant of: Pfizer, AbbVie, Sanofi, Lilly, Novartis, Genzyme, Boehringer, Janssen, MSD, Celgene, Roche and Chugai
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16
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Kim Y, Gaul T, Köhler B. Improved SH0 Guided Wave Transducers Based on Piezoelectric Fiber Patches. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19132990. [PMID: 31284624 PMCID: PMC6651256 DOI: 10.3390/s19132990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A piezoelectric fiber patch (PFP) is a transducer type that is suitable for guided-wave-based structural health monitoring (SHM) due to its light, thin, and flexible characteristics. In our previous work, a PFP-based transducer design for selective excitation of the zero-order shear horizontal wave mode (SH0) was introduced (shear horizontal PFP (SHPFP)). In this work, two modified SH0 wave PFP transducer designs are proposed: the rounded corner design and the dual design. The degree of improvement is determined by a numerical simulation and the dual design—the design with the most promise—is experimentally realized. Laser Vibrometry measured the generated wave field, confirming the results from the simulation. The new designs can generate an almost pure SH0 wave. The dual design has a very strong directivity that is useful for several guided-wave-based SHM applications. The conclusions on the design’s properties as a transmitter are also valid for its properties as a sensor due to the reciprocity of piezoelectric transducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtak Kim
- Fraunhofer IKTS, Maria Reich Str. 2, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Gaul
- This paper is an extended version of the conference paper: Kim, Y; Köhler, B. Improved shear horizontal wave piezoelectric fiber patch (SH-PFP) for structural health monitoring applications. In Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on NDT in Aerospace, Dresden, Germany, 24-26 October 2018
| | - Bernd Köhler
- This paper is an extended version of the conference paper: Kim, Y; Köhler, B. Improved shear horizontal wave piezoelectric fiber patch (SH-PFP) for structural health monitoring applications. In Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on NDT in Aerospace, Dresden, Germany, 24-26 October 2018..
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17
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Krege S, Eckoldt F, Richter-Unruh A, Köhler B, Leuschner I, Mentzel HJ, Moss A, Schweizer K, Stein R, Werner-Rosen K, Wieacker P, Wiesemann C, Wünsch L, Richter-Appelt H. Variations of sex development: The first German interdisciplinary consensus paper. J Pediatr Urol 2019; 15:114-123. [PMID: 30713084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The term variations of sex development subsumes a large number of congenital conditions including chromosomal mosaics and variations of chromosomal, gonadal, and phenotypic sex. A situation of this nature may cause severe distress to both, parents and affected persons. One of the reasons for this is the binary form of gender classification in the society. In the past, because of a fear of possible stigmatization and an inability to cope with complex situations, it has been medical policy and practice for newborns to undergo early, mostly 'feminizing' elective surgery with the aim of achieving an outer genital appearance that is unambiguously male or female. Protests by advocacy groups for the most part as well as the results of outcome studies have shown that the development of affected persons may be very different to what has been expected and often does not result in the intended clear female or male gender identity as had been intended. It, therefore, seemed a matter of urgency to implement this new awareness as well as the ethical and personal human rights perspectives in the recommendations for the medical and psychosocial management of diverse sex development (DSD) in the future. STUDY DESIGN In 2012, an interdisciplinary group of German academics engaged in the field of DSD decided to work on a consensus paper for this topic. It involved the participation of all faculties and non-scientific groups dealing with DSD, in particular advocacy and service-user groups. In a structured consensus, process recommendations were developed based on scientific literature as well as personal experiences of clinicians and affected individuals. RESULTS Finally, 37 recommendations were agreed on. The strength of consensus is reflected in the degree of agreement as expressed in percentages. CONCLUSION The introduction of the consensus paper reflects on the emerging paradigm shift and the necessity for a more open view of gender within society. The paper is intended to aid the performance of appropriate diagnostics in DSD-affected newborns and especially to help parents and affected persons cope with the biological and social consequences of DSD. With regard to medical or surgical therapy, it gives information about the most recent treatment trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krege
- Dept. of Urology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Germany.
| | - F Eckoldt
- Dept. of Pediatric Surgery, University of Jena, Germany
| | - A Richter-Unruh
- Dept. of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - B Köhler
- Dept. of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charite - University of Berlin, Germany
| | - I Leuschner
- Dept. of Pathology, University of Kiel, Germany
| | - H-J Mentzel
- Section of Pediatric Radiology, University of Jena, Germany
| | - A Moss
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dept. of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - K Schweizer
- Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - R Stein
- Department of Pediatric, Adolescent and reconstructive Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - P Wieacker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Germany
| | - C Wiesemann
- Institute of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - L Wünsch
- Dept. of Pediatric Surgery, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - H Richter-Appelt
- Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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Rjelka M, Köhler B, Mayer A. Nonlinear effects of micro-cracks on long-wavelength symmetric Lamb waves. Ultrasonics 2018; 90:98-108. [PMID: 29940396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For an elastic medium containing a homogeneous distribution of micro-cracks, an effective one-dimensional stress-strain relation has been determined with finite element simulations. In addition to flat micro-cracks, voids were considered that contain a Hertzian contact, which represents an example for micro-cracks with internal structure. The orientation of both types of micro-cracks was fully aligned or, for flat micro-cracks, totally random. For micro-cracks with Hertzian contacts, the case of random orientation was treated in an approximate way. The two types of defects were found to give rise to different degrees of non-analytic behavior of the effective stress-strain relation, which governs the nonlinear propagation of symmetric (S0) Lamb waves in the long-wavelength limit. The presence of flat micro-cracks causes even harmonics to grow linearly with propagation distance with amplitudes proportional to the amplitude of the fundamental wave, and gives rise to a static strain. The presence of the second type of defects leads to a linear growth of all harmonics with amplitudes proportional to the power 3/2 of the fundamental amplitude, and to a strain-dependent velocity shift. Simple expressions are given for the growth rates of higher harmonics of S0 Lamb waves in terms of the parameters occurring in the effective stress-strain relation. They have partly been determined quantitatively with the help of the FEM results for different micro-crack concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Rjelka
- Fraunhofer IKTS, Maria-Reiche-Straße 2, D-01109 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Bernd Köhler
- Fraunhofer IKTS, Maria-Reiche-Straße 2, D-01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Mayer
- HS Offenburg, University of Applied Sciences, D-77723 Gengenbach, Germany
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Köhler B, Allgeier S, Bartschat A, Guthoff RF, Bohn S, Reichert KM, Stachs O, Winter K, Mikut R. [In vivo imaging of the corneal nerve plexus : From single image to large scale map]. Ophthalmologe 2018; 114:601-607. [PMID: 28283769 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-017-0464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The sub-basal nerve plexus (SNP) of the cornea provides the possibility of in vivo and non-invasive examination of peripheral nerve structures by corneal confocal microscopy (CCM). Thus morphological alterations of the SNP can be directly detected and quantified. A single CCM image is insufficient for a well-founded diagnosis because of the inhomogeneous distribution of the nerve fibers; therefore, there is a demand for techniques for large area imaging of the SNP. This article provides an overview of published approaches to the problem. Current developmental work at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and the University of Rostock Eye Clinic is expected to lead to a simplified handling of the technology and a further improvement in the image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Köhler
- Institut für Angewandte Informatik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Deutschland.
| | - S Allgeier
- Institut für Angewandte Informatik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Deutschland
| | - A Bartschat
- Institut für Angewandte Informatik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Deutschland
| | - R F Guthoff
- Universitätsaugenklinik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Deutschland
| | - S Bohn
- Universitätsaugenklinik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Deutschland
| | - K-M Reichert
- Institut für Angewandte Informatik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Deutschland
| | - O Stachs
- Universitätsaugenklinik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Deutschland
| | - K Winter
- Institut für Anatomie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - R Mikut
- Institut für Angewandte Informatik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Deutschland
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Bohn S, Sperlich K, Allgeier S, Bartschat A, Prakasam R, Reichert KM, Stolz H, Guthoff R, Mikut R, Köhler B, Stachs O. Cellular in vivo 3D imaging of the cornea by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:2511-2525. [PMID: 30258669 PMCID: PMC6154195 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We present an in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy based method for large 3D reconstruction of the cornea on a cellular level with cropped volume sizes up to 266 x 286 x 396 µm3. The microscope objective used is equipped with a piezo actuator for automated, fast and precise closed-loop focal plane control. Furthermore, we present a novel concave surface contact cap, which significantly reduces eye movements by up to 87%, hence increasing the overlapping image area of the whole stack. This increases the cuboid volume of the generated 3D reconstruction significantly. The possibility to generate oblique sections using isotropic volume stacks opens the window to slit lamp microscopy on a cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bohn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Karsten Sperlich
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephan Allgeier
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Bartschat
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ruby Prakasam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Klaus-Martin Reichert
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Heinrich Stolz
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rudolf Guthoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Mikut
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernd Köhler
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Oliver Stachs
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Köhler B, Kißler H, Bärthel E, Raack S, Müller UA, Kloos C. Psychische Belastung schwächt den Erfolg im konservativen Abnehmversuch stark adipöser Menschen. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Köhler
- Universitätsklinikum Jena – Klinik für Innere Medizin III, FB Endokrinologie & Stoffwechselkrankheiten, Jena, Germany
| | - H Kißler
- Universitätsklinikum Jena, Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Jena, Germany
| | - E Bärthel
- Universitätsklinikum Jena, Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Jena, Germany
| | - S Raack
- Universitätsklinikum Jena, Institut für Psychosoziale Medizin und Psychotherapie, Jena, Germany
| | - UA Müller
- Universitätsklinikum Jena – Klinik für Innere Medizin III, FB Endokrinologie & Stoffwechselkrankheiten, Jena, Germany
| | - C Kloos
- Universitätsklinikum Jena – Klinik für Innere Medizin III, FB Endokrinologie & Stoffwechselkrankheiten, Jena, Germany
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Engels M, Gehrmann K, Falhammar H, Webb EA, Nordenström A, Sweep FC, Span PN, van Herwaarden AE, Rohayem J, Richter-Unruh A, Bouvattier C, Köhler B, Kortmann BB, Arlt W, Roeleveld N, Reisch N, Stikkelbroeck NMML, Claahsen-van der Grinten HL. Gonadal function in adult male patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 178:285-294. [PMID: 29339528 DOI: 10.1530/eje-17-0862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Current knowledge on gonadal function in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is mostly limited to single-center/country studies enrolling small patient numbers. Overall data indicate that gonadal function can be compromised in men with CAH. OBJECTIVE To determine gonadal function in men with CAH within the European 'dsd-LIFE' cohort. DESIGN Cross-sectional clinical outcome study, including retrospective data from medical records. METHODS Fourteen academic hospitals included 121 men with CAH aged 16-68 years. Main outcome measures were serum hormone concentrations, semen parameters and imaging data of the testes. RESULTS At the time of assessment, 14/69 patients had a serum testosterone concentration below the reference range; 7 of those were hypogonadotropic, 6 normogonadotropic and 1 hypergonadotropic. In contrast, among the patients with normal serum testosterone (55/69), 4 were hypogonadotropic, 44 normogonadotropic and 7 hypergonadotropic. The association of decreased testosterone with reduced gonadotropin concentrations (odds ratio (OR) = 12.8 (2.9-57.3)) was weaker than the association between serum androstenedione/testosterone ratio ≥1 and reduced gonadotropin concentrations (OR = 39.3 (2.1-732.4)). Evaluation of sperm quality revealed decreased sperm concentrations (15/39), motility (13/37) and abnormal morphology (4/28). Testicular adrenal rest tumor (TART)s were present in 39/80 patients, with a higher prevalence in patients with the most severe genotype (14/18) and in patients with increased current 17-hydroxyprogesterone 20/35) or androstenedione (12/18) serum concentrations. Forty-three children were fathered by 26/113 patients. CONCLUSIONS Men with CAH have a high risk of developing hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal disturbances and spermatogenic abnormalities. Regular assessment of endocrine gonadal function and imaging for TART development are recommended, in addition to measures for fertility protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Engels
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - K Gehrmann
- Klinik für Pädiatrie m.S. Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Falhammar
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E A Webb
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Nordenström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F C Sweep
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - P N Span
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology laboratory, RIMLS, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A E van Herwaarden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J Rohayem
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Clinical Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - A Richter-Unruh
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Clinical Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - C Bouvattier
- Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Développement Sexuel, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - B Köhler
- Klinik für Pädiatrie m.S. Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - B B Kortmann
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - W Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - N Roeleveld
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - N Reisch
- Medizinische Klinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - N M M L Stikkelbroeck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - H L Claahsen-van der Grinten
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Herlyn A, Prakasam RK, Peschel S, Allgeier S, Köhler B, Winter K, Guthoff RF, Mittlmeier T, Stachs O. Corneal Subbasal Nerve Plexus Changes in Severe Diabetic Charcot Foot Deformity: A Pilot Study in Search for a DNOAP Biomarker. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:5910639. [PMID: 30525053 PMCID: PMC6247393 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5910639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy (DNOAP) early symptoms are unspecific, mimicking general infectious symptoms and rendering a diagnosis challenging. Consequently, unfavourable outcomes occur frequently, with recurrent foot ulceration, infectious complications, and eventually amputation. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) of the subbasal nerve plexus (SNP) is used to detect early peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy. This pilot study was designed to determine if specific SNP changes manifest in severe DNOAP in comparison to a healthy control group. METHODS This pilot study utilized a matched-pair analysis to investigate SNP changes by in vivo CCM for 26 patients (mean patient age 63.7 years, range 27 to 78) with severe DNOAP defined by condition after the need for reconstructive foot surgery (n = 13) and a healthy control group (n = 13). Corneal nerve fibre length (CNFL), nerve fibre density (CNFD), nerve branch density (CNBD), average weighted corneal nerve fibre thickness (CNFTh), nerve connecting points (CNCP), and average weighted corneal nerve fibre tortuosity (CNFTo) were assessed as well as the general clinical status, diabetic status, and ophthalmologic basic criteria. RESULTS In vivo CCM revealed significantly reduced SNP parameters in the DNOAP group for CNFL (p = 0.010), CNFD (p = 0.037), CNBD (p = 0.049), and CNCP (p = 0.012) when compared to the healthy control group. Six patients (46%) of the DNOAP group suffered from diabetic retinopathy and none of the control group. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study revealed a rarefication of SNP in all measured parameters in patients with severe DNOAP. We see a potential value of CCM providing a SNP-based biomarker for early stages of DNOAP prior to the development of any foot deformities that needs to be evaluated in further studies. This trial is registered with German Clinical Trials Register (DKRS) DRKS00007537.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anica Herlyn
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ruby Kala Prakasam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Straße 140, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sabine Peschel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Straße 140, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephan Allgeier
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Bernd Köhler
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Karsten Winter
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rudolf F. Guthoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Straße 140, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Mittlmeier
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver Stachs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Straße 140, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Lagali NS, Allgeier S, Guimarães P, Badian RA, Ruggeri A, Köhler B, Utheim TP, Peebo B, Peterson M, Dahlin LB, Rolandsson O. Reduced Corneal Nerve Fiber Density in Type 2 Diabetes by Wide-Area Mosaic Analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:6318-6327. [PMID: 29242906 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine if corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SBP) parameters derived from wide-area depth-corrected mosaic images are associated with type 2 diabetes. Methods One hundred sixty-three mosaics were produced from eyes of 82 subjects by laser-scanning in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). Subjects were of the same age, without (43 subjects) or with type 2 diabetes (39 subjects). Mosaic corneal nerve fiber length density (mCNFL) and apical whorl corneal nerve fiber length density (wCNFL) were quantified and related to the presence and duration of diabetes (short duration < 10 years and long duration ≥ 10 years). Results In mosaics with a mean size of 6 mm2 in subjects aged 69.1 ± 1.2 years, mCNFL in type 2 diabetes was reduced relative to nondiabetic subjects (13.1 ± 4.2 vs. 15.0 ± 3.2 mm/mm2, P = 0.018). Also reduced relative to nondiabetic subjects was mCNFL in both short-duration (14.0 ± 4.0 mm/mm2, 3.2 ± 3.9 years since diagnosis) and long-duration diabetes (12.7 ± 4.2 mm/mm2, 15.4 ± 4.2 years since diagnosis; ANOVA P = 0.023). Lower mCNFL was associated with presence of diabetes (P = 0.032) and increased hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (P = 0.047). By contrast, wCNFL was unaffected by diabetes or HbA1c (P > 0.05). Global SBP patterns revealed marked degeneration of secondary nerve fiber branches outside the whorl region in long-duration diabetes. Conclusions Wide-area mosaic images provide reference values for mCNFL and wCNFL and reveal a progressive degeneration of the SBP with increasing duration of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil S Lagali
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Stephan Allgeier
- Institute for Applied Computer Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pedro Guimarães
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Reza A Badian
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Kongsberg, Norway.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger/Clinical Institute 1, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alfredo Ruggeri
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Bernd Köhler
- Institute for Applied Computer Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Kongsberg, Norway.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beatrice Peebo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Peterson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Section of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars B Dahlin
- Department of Translational Medicine-Hand Surgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olov Rolandsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Allgeier S, Reichert K, Stachs O, Köhler B. Mosaicking the subbasal nerve plexus. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.03122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Allgeier
- Institute for Applied Computer Science; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT; Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - K.M. Reichert
- Institute for Applied Computer Science; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT; Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - O. Stachs
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Rostock; Rostock Germany
| | - B. Köhler
- Institute for Applied Computer Science; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT; Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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Ziegler D, Winter K, Strom A, Zhivov A, Allgeier S, Papanas N, Ziegler I, Brüggemann J, Ringel B, Peschel S, Köhler B, Stachs O, Guthoff RF, Roden M. Spatial analysis improves the detection of early corneal nerve fiber loss in patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173832. [PMID: 28296936 PMCID: PMC5352008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) has revealed reduced corneal nerve fiber (CNF) length and density (CNFL, CNFD) in patients with diabetes, but the spatial pattern of CNF loss has not been studied. We aimed to determine whether spatial analysis of the distribution of corneal nerve branching points (CNBPs) may contribute to improving the detection of early CNF loss. We hypothesized that early CNF decline follows a clustered rather than random distribution pattern of CNBPs. CCM, nerve conduction studies (NCS), and quantitative sensory testing (QST) were performed in a cross-sectional study including 86 patients recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and 47 control subjects. In addition to CNFL, CNFD, and branch density (CNBD), CNBPs were analyzed using spatial point pattern analysis (SPPA) including 10 indices and functional statistics. Compared to controls, patients with diabetes showed lower CNBP density and higher nearest neighbor distances, and all SPPA parameters indicated increased clustering of CNBPs (all P<0.05). SPPA parameters were abnormally increased >97.5th percentile of controls in up to 23.5% of patients. When combining an individual SPPA parameter with CNFL, ≥1 of 2 indices were >99th or <1st percentile of controls in 28.6% of patients compared to 2.1% of controls, while for the conventional CNFL/CNFD/CNBD combination the corresponding rates were 16.3% vs 2.1%. SPPA parameters correlated with CNFL and several NCS and QST indices in the controls (all P<0.001), whereas in patients with diabetes these correlations were markedly weaker or lost. In conclusion, SPPA reveals increased clustering of early CNF loss and substantially improves its detection when combined with a conventional CCM measure in patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ziegler
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Karsten Winter
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Strom
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Zhivov
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephan Allgeier
- Institute for Applied Computer Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Iris Ziegler
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jutta Brüggemann
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd Ringel
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabine Peschel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Köhler
- Institute for Applied Computer Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Oliver Stachs
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rudolf F. Guthoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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Abstract
In this paper we address critical issues concerning calibration of AFM based methods used for nanoscale mechanical characterization of materials. It has been shown that calibration approaches based on macroscopic models for contact mechanics may yield excellent results in terms of the indentation modulus of the sample, but fail to provide a comprehensive and actual information concerning the tip-sample contact radius or the mechanical properties of the tip. Explanations for the severely reduced indentation modulus of the tip included the inadequacies of the models used for calculations of the tip-sample contact stiffness, discrepancies in the actual and ideal shape of the tip, presence of the amorphous silicon phase within the silicon tip, as well as negligence of the actual size of the stress field created in the tip during elastic interactions. To clarify these issues, we investigated the influence of the mechanical load applied to four AFM silicon tips on their crystalline state by exposing them to systematically increasing loads, evaluating the character of the tip-sample interactions via the load-unload stiffness curves, and assessing the state of the tips from HR-TEM images. The results presented in this paper were obtained in a series of relatively simple and basic atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM) experiments. The novel combination of TEM imaging of the AFM tips with the analysis of the load-unload stiffness curves gave us a detailed insight into their mechanical behavior under load conditions. We were able to identify the limits for the elastic interactions, as well as the hallmarks for phase transformation and dislocation formation and movement. The comparison of the physical dimensions of the AFM tips, geometry parameters determined from the values of the contact stiffness, and the information on the crystalline state of the tips allowed us a better understanding of the nanoscale contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kopycinska-Mueller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Maria-Reiche Str. 2, 01109 Dresden, Germany
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Allgeier S, Winter K, Bretthauer G, Guthoff RF, Peschel S, Reichert KM, Stachs O, Köhler B. A Novel Approach to Analyze the Progression of Measured Corneal Sub-Basal Nerve Fiber Length in Continuously Expanding Mosaic Images. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:549-556. [PMID: 27767360 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1221977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim of the study: A recently proposed technique enables the generation of continuously increasing mosaic images of the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus (SNP) using in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (CCM). The aim of the present study was to investigate the progression of the corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) measured in the growing mosaic images with regard to their increasing area. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five large datasets from three healthy volunteers were examined using the proposed CCM technique. Intermediate mosaic images were created and assessed for CNFL. RESULTS The measured CNFL progression shows both over- and underestimation of the CNFL for small observed areas. Increasing the mosaic image area stabilizes the CNFL values and reduces the moving variance in all five datasets. The relative deviation of means from values of first and second examination of two of the subjects shows high differences for an observed area of <1.5 mm2. CONCLUSIONS The present examination provides two measures to quantify different area-dependent aspects of the CNFL measured in an expanding mosaic image. The moving variance measures how stable the CNFL can be considered at a certain mosaic size. The relative deviation of means from two repeated CCM examinations on the other hand gives some indication on the level of reliability that can be expected from the measured CNFL. The progression of CNFL in the examined datasets manifests a potentially very high variability for mosaic sizes of less than about 1.5 mm2. Above that size, CNFL progression and the intra-patient relative deviations both stabilize significantly in all five datasets. The results of the present examination suggest a recommendation for a minimum sampled area of the central SNP of 1.5 mm2 for reliable and meaningful measurement of CNFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Allgeier
- a Institute for Applied Computer Science , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Karsten Winter
- b Institute of Anatomy , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Georg Bretthauer
- a Institute for Applied Computer Science , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Rudolf F Guthoff
- c Department of Ophthalmology , University of Rostock , Rostock , Germany
| | - Sabine Peschel
- c Department of Ophthalmology , University of Rostock , Rostock , Germany
| | - Klaus-Martin Reichert
- a Institute for Applied Computer Science , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Oliver Stachs
- c Department of Ophthalmology , University of Rostock , Rostock , Germany
| | - Bernd Köhler
- a Institute for Applied Computer Science , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Karlsruhe , Germany
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29
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Riede S, Toboldt A, Breves G, Metzner M, Köhler B, Bräunig J, Schafft H, Lahrssen-Wiederholt M, Niemann L. Investigations on the possible impact of a glyphosate-containing herbicide on ruminal metabolism and bacteria in vitro by means of the 'Rumen Simulation Technique'. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:644-56. [PMID: 27230806 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was performed in a well-established in vitro model to investigate whether the application of a glyphosate-containing herbicide might affect the bacterial communities and some biochemical parameters in a cow's rumen. METHODS AND RESULTS The test item was applied in two concentrations (high and low) for 5 days. In a second trial, fermentation vessels were inoculated with Clostridium sporogenes before the high dose was applied. Effluents were analysed by biochemical, microbiological and genetic methods. A marginal increase in short-chain fatty acid production and a reduction in NH3 -N were observed. There were minor and rather equivocal changes in the composition of ruminal bacteria but no indications of a shift towards a more frequent abundance of pathogenic Clostridia species. Clostridium sporogenes counts declined consistently. CONCLUSIONS No adverse effects of the herbicide on ruminal metabolism or composition of the bacterial communities could be detected. In particular, there was no evidence of a suspected stimulation of Clostridia growth. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Antibiotic activity of glyphosate resulting in microbial imbalances has been postulated. In this exploratory study, however, intraruminal application of concentrations reflecting potential exposure of dairy cows or beef cattle did not exhibit significant effects on bacterial communities in a complex in vitro system. The low number of replicates (n = 3/dose) may leave some uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Riede
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Toboldt
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Breves
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - B Köhler
- RIPAC-LABOR GmbH, Potsdam, Germany
| | - J Bräunig
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Schafft
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - L Niemann
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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Köhler B, Bretthauer G, Guthoff RF, Reichert KM, Sieber I, Stachs O, Toso L, Allgeier S. EyeGuidance – a computer controlled system to guide eye movements. Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/cdbme-2016-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe densely innervated human cornea is the only superficial tissue of the human body in which nerve fibres are accessible in vivo by corneal confocal microscopy (CCM). Morphological parameters of the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus (SNP) derived from CCM images can potentially serve as a sensitive biomarker for early diagnosis of various neurodegenerative diseases. The evaluation of a single image with a typical field of view of 0.16 mm2 is insufficient for robust morphometric assessment. Mosaicking approaches have therefore been proposed to examine the SNP on a larger scale. Here we present a highly automated technique that significantly facilitates the generation of mosaic images of the SNP and is suitable for clinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Köhler
- 1Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Computer Science, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Georg Bretthauer
- 1Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Computer Science, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Klaus-Martin Reichert
- 1Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Computer Science, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ingo Sieber
- 1Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Computer Science, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Lorenzo Toso
- 1Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Computer Science, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan Allgeier
- 1Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Computer Science, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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31
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Abstract
An investigation regarding possible artefacts from dental filling materials in MR imaging is presented including 9 types of such materials from various manufacturers. Freshly extracted teeth were prepared and the filling materials were handled according to manufacturers' instructions. The teeth were encapsulated into a gel phantom based on de-ionized water, Ni (NO3)2 and polysaccharide agarose powder. The investigation was performed with a standard head coil and a 1.5 T MR unit. Images acquired with various combinations of parameters from different sequences were visually analysed regarding possible artefacts. The investigation showed that only one of the materials caused significant artefacts. The gel phantom was found to be a valuable means for examination of artefacts from small samples, and can be recommended as a standard technique for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Vikhoff
- Departments of Radiation Physics and Diagnostic Radiology, Sahlgren's Hospital, and the Departments of Dental Technology and Oral Pathology, Section of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S. Ribbelin
- Departments of Radiation Physics and Diagnostic Radiology, Sahlgren's Hospital, and the Departments of Dental Technology and Oral Pathology, Section of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B. Köhler
- Departments of Radiation Physics and Diagnostic Radiology, Sahlgren's Hospital, and the Departments of Dental Technology and Oral Pathology, Section of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S. Ekholm
- Departments of Radiation Physics and Diagnostic Radiology, Sahlgren's Hospital, and the Departments of Dental Technology and Oral Pathology, Section of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H. Borrman
- Departments of Radiation Physics and Diagnostic Radiology, Sahlgren's Hospital, and the Departments of Dental Technology and Oral Pathology, Section of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Nieschlag E, Ferlin A, Gravholt CH, Gromoll J, Köhler B, Lejeune H, Rogol AD, Wistuba J. The Klinefelter syndrome: current management and research challenges. Andrology 2016; 4:545-9. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Nieschlag
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology; University of Münster; Münster Germany
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Ferlin
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - C. H. Gravholt
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - J. Gromoll
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - B. Köhler
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology; Charité University; Berlin Germany
| | - H. Lejeune
- Service de Médecine de la Reproduction; Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant; Université Claude-Bernard; Lyon France
| | - A. D. Rogol
- Department of Pediatrics; School of Medicine; University of Virginia; Charlottesville VA USA
| | - J. Wistuba
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology; University of Münster; Münster Germany
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33
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Köhler B, Kloos C, Kißler H, Bärthel E, Raack S, Müller UA, Wolf G. Monozentrische Evaluation des Gewichtsverlaufs unter konservativem Abnehmversuch und nachfolgender laparoskopischer Schlauchmagen Operation. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nakahata K, Sugahara H, Barth M, Köhler B, Schubert F. Three dimensional image-based simulation of ultrasonic wave propagation in polycrystalline metal using phase-field modeling. Ultrasonics 2016; 67:18-29. [PMID: 26773789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
When modeling ultrasonic wave propagation in metals, it is important to introduce mesoscopic crystalline structures because the anisotropy of the crystal structure and the heterogeneity of grains disturb ultrasonic waves. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) polycrystalline structure generated by multiphase-field modeling was introduced to ultrasonic simulation for nondestructive testing. 3D finite-element simulations of ultrasonic waves were validated and compared with visualization results obtained from laser Doppler vibrometer measurements. The simulation results and measurements showed good agreement with respect to the velocity and front shape of the pressure wave, as well as multiple scattering due to grains. This paper discussed the applicability of a transversely isotropic approach to ultrasonic wave propagation in a polycrystalline metal with columnar structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakahata
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
| | - H Sugahara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - M Barth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems - Branch Materials Diagnostics, Maria-Reiche-Strasse 2, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - B Köhler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems - Branch Materials Diagnostics, Maria-Reiche-Strasse 2, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - F Schubert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems - Branch Materials Diagnostics, Maria-Reiche-Strasse 2, 01109 Dresden, Germany
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35
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Kopycinska-Müller M, Clausner A, Yeap KB, Köhler B, Kuzeyeva N, Mahajan S, Savage T, Zschech E, Wolter KJ. Mechanical characterization of porous nano-thin films by use of atomic force acoustic microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2016; 162:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Subhani MA, Köhler B, Gürtler C, Leitner W, Müller TE. Light-mediated curing of CO2-based unsaturated polyethercarbonates via thiol–ene click chemistry. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00458j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Facile cross-linking of CO2-based unsaturated polyethercarbonates with polymercaptanes via thiol–ene click chemistry makes them highly interesting sustainable pre-polymers for material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Subhani
- CAT Catalytic Center
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - B. Köhler
- CAT Catalytic Center
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - C. Gürtler
- Covestro Deutschland AG
- 51365 Leverkusen
- Germany
| | - W. Leitner
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie und Petrolchemie
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - T. E. Müller
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie und Petrolchemie
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
- Covestro Deutschland AG
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Winter K, Scheibe P, Köhler B, Allgeier S, Guthoff RF, Stachs O. Local Variability of Parameters for Characterization of the Corneal Subbasal Nerve Plexus. Curr Eye Res 2015; 41:186-98. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1010686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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38
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Köhler B, Allgeier S, Eberle F, Maier S, Peschel S, Reichert KM, Stachs O. Großflächige Abbildung kornealer Nervenfasern durch geführte Augenbewegungen. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2014; 231:1170-3. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1383331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Köhler
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Angewandte Informatik, Karlsruhe
| | - S. Allgeier
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Angewandte Informatik/Automatisierungstechnik, Karlsruhe
| | - F. Eberle
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Angewandte Informatik, Karlsruhe
| | - S. Maier
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Angewandte Informatik/Automatisierungstechnik, Karlsruhe
| | - S. Peschel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universität Rostock
| | - K.-M. Reichert
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Angewandte Informatik, Karlsruhe
| | - O. Stachs
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universität Rostock
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39
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Allgeier S, Maier S, Mikut R, Peschel S, Reichert KM, Stachs O, Köhler B. Mosaicking the subbasal nerve plexus by guided eye movements. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:6082-9. [PMID: 25159207 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A growing number of studies provide evidence that the morphology of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SNP), examined by corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), is a sensitive marker for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. However, it has been established that the field of view of a single CCM image (≈0.16 mm(2)) is insufficient for reliable assessment of corneal nerve fiber morphology. The present work proposes a highly automated technique for imaging an extended area of the SNP and creating large-scale montages. METHODS A moving fixation target is presented on a small display in front of the nonexamined eye. By guiding the viewing direction of the subject in an expanding spiral pattern, the scanned corneal area is continuously expanded. Specialized software algorithms subsequently assemble a mosaic image from the acquired CCM image data. The proposed technique was applied in 12 healthy subjects. RESULTS Montage images of the SNP were successfully created from all examinations performed. The mean imaged SNP area was 9.86 mm(2) (range, 1.62-18.31 mm(2)). The mean CCM duration was 65.33 seconds (range, 14.58-142.58 seconds). CONCLUSIONS The key advances embodied in the proposed technique are its high degree of integration and automation (both for image acquisition and image processing) and the resulting short duration of CCM. By providing an easy-to-use tool for obtaining large-scale mosaic images of the SNP, this technique has the potential to facilitate larger clinical trials where SNP morphology is used as a surrogate marker for peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Allgeier
- Institute for Applied Computer Science/Automation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Susanne Maier
- Institute for Applied Computer Science/Automation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralf Mikut
- Institute for Applied Computer Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sabine Peschel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Klaus-Martin Reichert
- Institute for Applied Computer Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Oliver Stachs
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Köhler
- Institute for Applied Computer Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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40
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Ziegler D, Papanas N, Zhivov A, Allgeier S, Winter K, Ziegler I, Brüggemann J, Strom A, Peschel S, Köhler B, Stachs O, Guthoff RF, Roden M. Early detection of nerve fiber loss by corneal confocal microscopy and skin biopsy in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2014; 63:2454-63. [PMID: 24574045 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We sought to determine whether early nerve damage may be detected by corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), skin biopsy, and neurophysiological tests in 86 recently diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients compared with 48 control subjects. CCM analysis using novel algorithms to reconstruct nerve fiber images was performed for all fibers and major nerve fibers (MNF) only. Intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) was assessed in skin specimens. Neurophysiological measures included nerve conduction studies (NCS), quantitative sensory testing (QST), and cardiovascular autonomic function tests (AFTs). Compared with control subjects, diabetic patients exhibited significantly reduced corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL-MNF), fiber density (CNFD-MNF), branch density (CNBD-MNF), connecting points (CNCP), IENFD, NCS, QST, and AFTs. CNFD-MNF and IENFD were reduced below the 2.5th percentile in 21% and 14% of the diabetic patients, respectively. However, the vast majority of patients with abnormal CNFD showed concomitantly normal IENFD and vice versa. In conclusion, CCM and skin biopsy both detect nerve fiber loss in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes, but largely in different patients, suggesting a patchy manifestation pattern of small fiber neuropathy. Concomitant NCS impairment points to an early parallel involvement of small and large fibers, but the precise temporal sequence should be clarified in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ziegler
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrey Zhivov
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephan Allgeier
- Institute for Applied Computer Science and Automation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karsten Winter
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Iris Ziegler
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jutta Brüggemann
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Strom
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabine Peschel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Köhler
- Institute for Applied Computer Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Oliver Stachs
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rudolf F Guthoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
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41
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Abstract
HISTORY AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 65-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus and unfavorable metabolic values in combination with obesity and arterial hypertension and considerable psychosocial strains presented at a psychosomatic outpatient clinic. During the course of diagnostic sessions a problematic illness behavior as well as a depressive symptomatology that had developed after the death of his wife a few years earlier became apparent. DIAGNOSIS, THERAPY, COURSE: An avoidant illness behavior and a moderate depressive episode were diagnosed. Within a low threshold psychosomatic intervention an understanding of illness could be established and psychosocial barriers of diabetes therapy were reduced. The patient was able to outline achievable goals of his diabetes treatment and began their successful implementation. Within a stepped-care approach the patient could also be motivated for an inpatient psychosomatic treatment. During the course of treatment the patient experienced a remission from his depressive symptomatology and a notable improvement of metabolic values. CONCLUSIONS With the help of a close cooperation between diabetes specific and psychotherapeutic treatment in psychosomatic outpatient clinics, patients with high blood glucose levels and comorbid depression can be enabled to gain a better understanding of their illness behavior and change it in their favor.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Köhler
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH - Standort Gießen, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
| | - J Kruse
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH - Standort Gießen, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
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42
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Köhler B, Lingemann J, Isler M, Passweg D, Weinreich G, Teschler H. Fehlendes Problembewusstsein für Inkontinenz-Symptome und ungenutzte medizinische Versorgung bei Männern und Frauen mit chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung (COPD). Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Winter K, Allgeier S, Eberle F, Köhler B, Maier S, Stachs O, Bretthauer G. Software-Based Imaging and Segmentation of Corneal Nerve Fibres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 58 Suppl 1:/j/bmte.2013.58.issue-s1-L/bmt-2013-4293/bmt-2013-4293.xml. [PMID: 24042934 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2013-4293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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44
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Allgeier S, Eberle F, Köhler B, Maier S, van Wezel J, Zhivov A, Bretthauer G. A Confocal Microscopy Study of the Anterior Corneal Mosaic in the Sub-Basal Nerve Plexus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 58 Suppl 1:/j/bmte.2013.58.issue-s1-L/bmt-2013-4270/bmt-2013-4270.xml. [PMID: 24042953 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2013-4270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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45
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Kopycinska-Müller M, Yeap KB, Mahajan S, Köhler B, Kuzeyeva N, Müller T, Zschech E, Wolter KJ. Mechanical characterization of nanoporous materials by use of atomic force acoustic microscopy methods. Nanotechnology 2013; 24:355703. [PMID: 23938222 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/35/355703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have used the atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM) method to determine the indentation modulus of nanoporous thin-film materials with ultralow values of dielectric permittivity (dielectric constant k < 2.4). The AFAM method is based on the contact mode of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and as such is able to characterize materials with high spatial resolution. The tested material was porous organosilicate glass with nominal porosity ranging from 27% to 40%. The values obtained for the indentation modulus varied from 4 to 7 GPa depending on the pore concentration. The values obtained for the indentation modulus by use of the AFAM method were in very good agreement with those determined by nanoindentation. In addition, a part of the AFAM results obtained for the sample with the highest porosity content showed dependence of the effective indentation modulus on the applied load. Preliminary data analysis suggests that the stress rate is the critical factor in triggering this particular mechanical response of the porous material.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kopycinska-Müller
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technical University Dresden, Helmholtz Straße 18, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
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46
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Köhler B, Lingemann J, Lüder C, Weinreich G, Teschler H. Prävalenz und Symptomschwere von Harninkontinenz (HI) bei Männern und Frauen mit chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung (COPD). Pneumologie 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1334657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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47
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Rubbenstroth D, Ryll M, Knobloch JKM, Köhler B, Rautenschlein S. Evaluation of different diagnostic tools for the detection and identification of Riemerella anatipestifer. Avian Pathol 2012; 42:17-26. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2012.752066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rubbenstroth
- a Clinic for Poultry , University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Bünteweg 17, D-30559 , Hannover , Germany
| | - Martin Ryll
- a Clinic for Poultry , University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Bünteweg 17, D-30559 , Hannover , Germany
| | - Johannes Karl-Mark Knobloch
- b Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Lübeck , Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Bernd Köhler
- c Ripac-Labor GmbH , Am Mühlenberg 11, D-14476 , Potsdam-Golm , Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- a Clinic for Poultry , University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Bünteweg 17, D-30559 , Hannover , Germany
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluation of dogs with elevated plasma thyroxine concentration fed raw food before and after changing the diet. METHOD Between 2006 and 2011 all dogs presented with an elevated plasma thyroxine concentration and a dietary history of feeding raw food were included. Thyroxine (reference interval: 19·3 to 51·5 nmol/L) and in many cases also thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations (reference interval: <0·30 ng/mL) were measured initially and after changing the diet. RESULTS Twelve dogs were presented with a median age of five years. The median plasma thyroxine concentration was 156·1 (range of 79·7 to 391·9) nmol/L; in six dogs, thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration was measured and was <0·03 ng/mL in five dogs and 0·05 ng/mL in one dog. Six dogs showed clinical signs such as weight loss, aggressiveness, tachycardia, panting and restlessness while six dogs had no clinical signs. After changing the diet eight dogs were examined: thyroxine concentration normalised in all dogs and clinical signs resolved. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dietary hyperthyroidism can be seen in dogs on a raw meat diet or fed fresh or dried gullets. Increased plasma thyroxine concentration in a dog, either with or without signs of hyperthyroidism, should prompt the veterinarian to obtain a thorough dietary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Köhler
- Small Animal Clinic Hofheim, Im Langgewann 9, 65719 Hofheim, Germany
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49
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Köhler B, Allgeier S, Eberle F, Reichert K, Stachs O, Bretthauer G. Generating extended images of the corneal nerve plexus by guided eye movements. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-4202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Köhler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S. Allgeier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F. Eberle
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K. Reichert
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O. Stachs
- University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - G. Bretthauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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50
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Allgeier S, Eberle F, Köhler B, Maier S, Zhivov A, Bretthauer G. Mosaicking images of the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus using hierarchical block-based image registration. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-4201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Allgeier
- Institute for Applied Computer Science/Automation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F. Eberle
- Institute for Applied Computer Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B. Köhler
- Institute for Applied Computer Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S. Maier
- Institute for Applied Computer Science/Automation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A. Zhivov
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - G. Bretthauer
- Institute for Applied Computer Science/Automation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Applied Computer Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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