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Becker K, Ehrlich H, Hüfner M, Rauch N, Busch C, Schwarz-Herzke B, Drescher D, Becker J. Eligibility of a novel BW + technology and comparison of sensitivity and specificity of different imaging methods for radiological caries detection. Oral Radiol 2024:10.1007/s11282-024-00748-4. [PMID: 38683260 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-024-00748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bitewing radiography is considered to be of high diagnostic value in caries detection, but owing to projections, lesions may remain undetected. The novel bitewing plus (BW +) technology enables scrolling through radiographs in different directions and angles. The present study aimed at comparing BW + with other 2D and 3D imaging methods in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and user reliability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five human cadavers were used in this study. In three cadavers, natural teeth were transplanted post-mortem. BW + , two-dimensional (digital sensors, imaging plates, 2D and 3D bitewing radiographs) and 3D methods (high and low dose CBCT) were taken. Carious lesions were evaluated on 96 teeth at three positions (mesial, distal, and occlusal) and scored according to their level of demineralization by ten observers, resulting in 35,799 possible lesions across all observers and settings. For reference, µCT scans of all teeth were performed. RESULTS Overall, radiographic evaluations showed a high rate of false-negative diagnoses, with around 70% of lesions remaining undetected, especially enamel lesions. BW + showed the highest sensitivity for dentinal caries and had comparatively high specificity overall. CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of the study, BW + showed great potential for added diagnostic value, especially for dentinal caries. However, the tradeoff of diagnostic benefit and radiation exposure must be considered according to each patient's age and risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Becker
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Henrike Ehrlich
- Department of Orthodontics, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mira Hüfner
- Department of Orthodontics, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Rauch
- Department of Oral Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Caroline Busch
- Department of Oral Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Dieter Drescher
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Becker
- Department of Oral Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Brunello G, Wolf V, Kerberger R, Bernhard M, Lübke N, Becker J, Schwarz-Herzke B, Timm J, Becker K. Eligibility and efficacy of a CPC- and CHX-based antiviral mouthwash for the elimination of SARS-CoV-2 from the saliva: A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:158-166. [PMID: 38058254 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed at investigating the efficacy of a 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride-0.05% chlorhexidine (CPC-CHX) mouthwash in reducing viral load in the saliva as compared with sterile water. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty SARS-CoV-2 positive patients were asked to dispense 4 mL of saliva. Half the patients rinsed for 60 s with 15 mL CPC-CHX, and the remaining patients rinsed with sterile water (control). Four millilitres of saliva were collected after 15, 30 and 60 min after rinsing. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein were performed. For ELISA, the intact (representing the active virus) to total virus load (I/T) was calculated. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 copy numbers/mL from RT-qPCR tended to decrease in the control group, whereas in the CPC-CHX group, an increase was observed after T30. However, mixed linear model analysis revealed no statistical differences between groups (p = .124), time points (p = .616) and vaccinated or non-vaccinated patients (p = .953). Similarly, no impact of group (p = .880), time points (p = .306) and vaccination (p = .711) was observed for I/T ratio values. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitation of this study, there was no evidence that the intervention reduced salivary SARS-CoV-2 viral load during the course of 60 min. Therefore, commonly used pre-procedural rinsing might not be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Brunello
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neurosciences, Dentistry Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Viktoria Wolf
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Kerberger
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Bernhard
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine Lübke
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Becker
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Beryl Schwarz-Herzke
- Institute for Anatomy II, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Timm
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kathrin Becker
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Hüfner M, Rauch N, Schwarz-Herzke B, Knorr IJ, Sager M, Drescher D, Becker K. Micro-angiogenic patterns around orthodontic implants migrating in bone: A micro-CT study in the rat tail model. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 49:188-197. [PMID: 34818684 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Recent studies revealed that implants can migrate in bone when subjected to continuous loading. Since this process is suspected to be accompanied by bone remodelling, which requires blood vessel formation, the present work aimed at assessing the micro-angiogenic patterns around migrating implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 16 rats, two customized implants were placed in a single tail vertebra and connected with contraction springs (forces: 0 N, 0.5 N, 1.0 N, 1.5 N). After 2 or 8 weeks of loading, the animals were scanned by micro-CT before and after vasculature perfusion with a silicone rubber. Vessels were segmented by subtraction of the two micro-CT scans. Vessel thickness (V.Th), vessel volume per total volume (VV/TV), and vascular spacing (V.Sp) were assessed in a peri-implant volume of interest (VOI) around each implant. RESULTS At 2 weeks of loading, force magnitude was significantly associated with VV/TV and V.Th values (χ2 = 10.942, p < .001 and χ2 = 6.028, p = .010, respectively). No significant differences were observed after 8 weeks of loading. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of an animal study, peri-implant vessel thickness and density were associated with force magnitude in the early loading phase, whereas effects diminished after 8 weeks of loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Hüfner
- Department of Orthodontics, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Rauch
- Department of Oral Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Ivonne Jeanette Knorr
- Central Unit for Animal Research and Scientific Animal Welfare Affairs, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Sager
- Central Unit for Animal Research and Scientific Animal Welfare Affairs, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Drescher
- Department of Orthodontics, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kathrin Becker
- Department of Orthodontics, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Becker K, Rauch N, Brunello G, Azimi S, Beller M, Hüfner M, Nienkemper M, Schwarz-Herzke B, Drescher D. Bone remodelling patterns around orthodontic mini-implants migrating in bone: an experimental study in rat vertebrae. Eur J Orthod 2021; 43:708-717. [PMID: 34476491 PMCID: PMC8643410 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Orthodontic implant migration has been clinically observed in presence of continuous loading forces. Recent studies indicate that osteocytes play a crucial role in this phenomenon. Objectives Aim of this study was to investigate local osteocytic gene expression, protein expression, and bone micro-structure in peri-implant regions of pressure and tension. Material and methods The present work reports a complementary analysis to a previous micro-computed tomography study. Two customized mini-implants were placed in one caudal rat vertebra and connected by a nickel–titanium contraction spring generating different forces (i.e. 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 N). Either at 2 or 8 weeks, the vertebrae were harvested and utilized for 1. osteocytic gene expression using laser capture micro-dissection on frozen sections coupled with qPCR, 2. haematoxylin–eosin staining for qualitative and quantitative analyses, 3. immunofluorescence staining and analysis, and 4. bone-to-implant contact on undecalcified samples. Results At the two time points for all the performed analyses no significant differences were observed with respect to the applied force magnitudes and cell harvesting localization. However, descriptive histological analysis revealed remarkable bone remodelling at 2 weeks of loading. At 8 weeks the implants were osseointegrated and, especially in 1.0 and 1.5 N groups, newly formed bone presented a characteristic load bearing architecture with trabecula oriented in the direction of the loading. Conclusions The present study confirmed that stress-induced bone remodelling is the biological mechanism of orthodontic implant migration. Bone apposition was found at ‘tension’ and ‘pressure’ sites thus limiting implant migration over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Becker
- Department of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Rauch
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Giulia Brunello
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Sarah Azimi
- Department of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mathias Beller
- Institute for Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems, University of Düsseldorf, Germany.,Systems Biology of Lipid Metabolism, University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mira Hüfner
- Department of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manuel Nienkemper
- Department of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Düsseldorf, Germany.,Private Practice, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Dieter Drescher
- Department of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Düsseldorf, Germany
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Ali AAH, Schwarz-Herzke B, Rollenhagen A, Anstötz M, Holub M, Lübke J, Rose CR, Schnittler HJ, von Gall C. Bmal1-deficiency affects glial synaptic coverage of the hippocampal mossy fiber synapse and the actin cytoskeleton in astrocytes. Glia 2019; 68:947-962. [PMID: 31743496 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bmal1 is an essential component of the molecular clockwork, which drives circadian rhythms in cell function. In Bmal1-deficient (Bmal1-/-) mice, chronodisruption is associated with cognitive deficits and progressive brain pathology including astrocytosis indicated by increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). However, relatively little is known about the impact of Bmal1-deficiency on astrocyte morphology prior to astrocytosis. Therefore, in this study we analysed astrocyte morphology in young (6-8 weeks old) adult Bmal1-/- mice. At this age, overall GFAP immunoreactivity was not increased in Bmal1-deficient mice. At the ultrastructural level, we found a decrease in the volume fraction of the fine astrocytic processes that cover the hippocampal mossy fiber synapse, suggesting an impairment of perisynaptic processes and their contribution to neurotransmission. For further analyses of actin cytoskeleton, which is essential for distal process formation, we used cultured Bmal1-/- astrocytes. Bmal1-/- astrocytes showed an impaired formation of actin stress fibers. Moreover, Bmal1-/- astrocytes showed reduced levels of the actin-binding protein cortactin (CTTN). Cttn promoter region contains an E-Box like element and chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that Cttn is a potential Bmal1 target gene. In addition, the level of GTP-bound (active) Rho-GTPase (Rho-GTP) was reduced in Bmal1-/- astrocytes. In summary, our data demonstrate that Bmal1-deficiency affects morphology of the fine astrocyte processes prior to strong upregulation of GFAP, presumably because of impaired Cttn expression and reduced Rho-GTP activation. These morphological changes might result in altered synaptic function and, thereby, relate to cognitive deficits in chronodisruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A H Ali
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Beryl Schwarz-Herzke
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Astrid Rollenhagen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-10, Research Centre Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Max Anstötz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-10, Research Centre Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Martin Holub
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim Lübke
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-10, Research Centre Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty/RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-10, JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christine R Rose
- Institute of Neurobiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Medical Faculty, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | - Charlotte von Gall
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Ali AAH, Schwarz-Herzke B, Mir S, Sahlender B, Victor M, Görg B, Schmuck M, Dach K, Fritsche E, Kremer A, von Gall C. Deficiency of the clock gene Bmal1 affects neural progenitor cell migration. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:373-386. [PMID: 30341743 PMCID: PMC6373387 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the impact of a disrupted molecular clock in Bmal1-deficient (Bmal1-/-) mice on migration of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Proliferation of NPCs in rostral migratory stream (RMS) was reduced in Bmal1-/- mice, consistent with our earlier studies on adult neurogenesis in hippocampus. However, a significantly higher number of NPCs from Bmal1-/- mice reached the olfactory bulb as compared to wild-type littermates (Bmal1+/+ mice), indicating a higher migration velocity in Bmal1-/- mice. In isolated NPCs from Bmal1-/- mice, not only migration velocity and expression pattern of genes involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species were affected, but also RNA oxidation of catalase was increased and catalase protein levels were decreased. Bmal1+/+ migration phenotype could be restored by treatment with catalase, while treatment of NPCs from Bmal1+/+ mice with hydrogen peroxide mimicked Bmal1-/- migration phenotype. Thus, we conclude that Bmal1 deficiency affects NPC migration as a consequence of dysregulated detoxification of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A H Ali
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Beryl Schwarz-Herzke
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Shakila Mir
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Benita Sahlender
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marion Victor
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Boris Görg
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Schmuck
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Modern Risk Assessment and Sphere Biology Group, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Dach
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Modern Risk Assessment and Sphere Biology Group, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Modern Risk Assessment and Sphere Biology Group, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Kremer
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte von Gall
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Palka-Santini M, Schwarz-Herzke B, Hösel M, Renz D, Auerochs S, Brondke H, Doerfler W. The gastrointestinal tract as the portal of entry for foreign macromolecules: fate of DNA and proteins. Mol Genet Genomics 2003; 270:201-15. [PMID: 12938039 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-003-0907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2003] [Accepted: 07/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of mammals is the main portal of entry for foreign DNA and proteins. We have documented the fate of orally administered DNA or protein in the GIT of the mouse. The gene for the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) (4.7 kb) and the genomes of bacteriophage M13 (7.25 kb) and adenovirus type 2 (Ad2; 35.9 kb) were used as test DNAs. Persistence of these DNAs in the GIT was monitored by Southern hybridization and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) or by PCR. For studies on proteins, recombinant glutathione-S-transferase was fed to mice. Survival of the protein in the GIT was then assessed by Western blotting. Depending on feeding schedules and food regimens, but irrespective of mouse strain or DNA length, fragments of the GFP gene or other DNAs were detectable for up to 18 h after feeding by Southern blot analysis. The GFP DNA could be visualized by FISH in cecal epithelia. A high fiber diet reduced the time required for food to pass through the GIT, and foreign DNA was cleared more rapidly. A high fat diet or complexing of the foreign DNA with protamine or lipofectin did not extend DNA persistence times. Undegraded GST protein was detected only in foregut contents up to 30 min after feeding. At 15 and 30 min post feeding, trace amounts of GST were found in extracts of the kidney. The GIT is constantly exposed to highly recombinogenic fragments of foreign DNA and to intact foreign proteins. Our data have implications for studies on carcinogenesis and mutagenesis, and on the pathogenicity of infectious proteins such as prions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Palka-Santini
- Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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