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Sarkar S, Lal B, Gautam P, Bhatt RS, Sahoo A. Comparing carbon footprints of sheep farming systems in semi-arid regions of India: A life cycle assessment study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292066. [PMID: 38289925 PMCID: PMC10826930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon foot prints (CFs) studies based on life cycle assessment between sheep farming systems and green house gases (GHG) emissions is one of the best indicators to quantify the amount of GHG emissions per kg of product. Therefore, a life cycle assessment (LCA) study was conducted for three different sheep farming systems i.e. intensive system (stall fed only), semi-intensive (grazing with supplementation) and extensive system (grazing only) under semiarid region of India to assess the carbon cost of sheep rearing. The total CFs were estimated to be 16.9, 15.8 and 17.1 kg CO2-eq in intensive, semi-intensive and extensive system of grazing indicating semi-intensive system to be most carbon (C) efficient. For 1kg mutton production in semi-intensive and intensive system, around 30% and 24% CFs were contributed from enteric fermentation and feed respectively, whereas, in extensive system, the contribution of enteric fermentation increased up to 50%. The carbon foot prints analysis gives an insight of carbon inputs used but the amount of CO2 sequestered in soil making LCA a holistic approach for estimating GHG emissions from livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srobana Sarkar
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Malpura, Rajasthan, India
| | - B. Lal
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Malpura, Rajasthan, India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Regional Research Centre, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Priyanka Gautam
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - R. S. Bhatt
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Malpura, Rajasthan, India
| | - A. Sahoo
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Malpura, Rajasthan, India
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
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Gautam P, Bhunia SR, Sahoo A, Sawal RK, Rakshit S, Yadav VK, Lal B, Ramniwas, Gograj, Bishnoi R, Rathore VS. Drip irrigation and sulphur fertilization influenced fodder yield, quality and water use efficiency of groundnut in arid region. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288090. [PMID: 37540651 PMCID: PMC10403097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Availability of ample and nutritious fodder for livestock is always a challenge in arid region. Choice of crops such as groundnut that can fulfil the requirement of fodder with its crop residues along with human needs can be a viable option to bridge the gap between availability and requirement of fodder. The fodder yield and quality largely depend on soil moisture and nutrient supply especially sulphur (S), a key nutrient for improving groundnut fodder quality. However, no researchers have given emphasis on coupling effect of drip irrigation (DI) and sulphur on fodder yield, quality, digestibility and water use efficiency (WUE). Therefore, the study was conducted to determine the effects of different regimes of DI and S on productivity and quality of fodder. Results revealed that higher regimes of DI i.e. 0.8 +1.0 PE(pan evaporation) and 1.0 PE level of irrigation along with 40 kg S ha-1 significantly improved the yield, primary quality traits (crude protein, ether extract and ash), digestibility indices and significant reduction in Fibers which indicates improvement in quality of fodder. Fodder productivity was 27.0 and 25.6% higher in 1.0 PE and 0.8+1.0 PE level of irrigation, respectively, as compared to 0.6 PE level (lower water regime) of irrigation, although 0.6 PE level of irrigation recorded higher WUE and was at par with 0.8 PE and 0.6 +1.0 PE level of DI. By changing the levels of DI from 1.0 PE to 0.8+1.0 PE, considerable water can be saved without affecting the yield and quality of fodder. Similarly, crop responded to S up to 60 kg ha-1 but at par with 40 kg S ha-1 indicating that application of extra S after 40 kg did not warrant any extra benefit in terms of fodder yield, WUE and quality of fodder. Thus, adjusting the PE levels of DI for water saving and optimal S application can be a sustainable strategy to improve the productivity and quality of groundnut fodder in arid region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gautam
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, SKRAU, Bikaner, India
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner, India
| | - S R Bhunia
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, SKRAU, Bikaner, India
| | - A Sahoo
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner, India
| | - R K Sawal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner, India
| | | | - V K Yadav
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner, India
| | - B Lal
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Regional Research Centre, Bikaner, India
| | - Ramniwas
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, SKRAU, Bikaner, India
| | - Gograj
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, SKRAU, Bikaner, India
| | - Rajesh Bishnoi
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Regional Research Centre, Bikaner, India
| | - V S Rathore
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research institute, Regional Research Station, Bikaner, India
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Manesh A, Shankar C, George MM, Jasrotia DS, Lal B, George B, Mathews V, Eapen CE, Joseph P, Subramani K, Rao S, Peter JV, Chacko B, Zachariah A, Sathyendra S, Hansdak SG, Abraham OC, Iyadurai R, Vijayakumar S, Karthik R, Marwick CA, Parcell BJ, Gilbert IH, Veeraraghavan B, Varghese GM. Clinical and Genomic Evolution of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Infections over Two Time Periods at a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India: A Prospective Cohort Study. Infect Dis Ther 2023; 12:1319-1335. [PMID: 37062023 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-023-00803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to examine the evolution of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKp) infections and their impact at a tertiary care hospital in South India. METHODS A comparative analysis of clinical data from two prospective cohorts of patients with CRKp bacteremia (C1, 2014-2015; C2, 2021-2022) was carried out. Antimicrobial susceptibilities and whole genome sequencing (WGS) data of selected isolates were also analyzed. RESULTS A total of 181 patients were enrolled in the study, 56 from C1 and 125 from C2. CRKp bacteremia shifted from critically ill patients with neutropenia to others (ICU stay: C1, 73%; C2, 54%; p = 0.02). The overall mortality rate was 50% and the introduction of ceftazidime-avibactam did not change mortality significantly (54% versus 48%; p = 0.49). Oxacillinases (OXA) 232 and 181 were the most common mechanisms of resistance. WGS showed the introduction of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-5 (NDM-5), higher genetic diversity, accessory genome content, and plasmid burden, as well as increased convergence of hypervirulence and carbapenem resistance in C2. CONCLUSIONS CRKp continues to pose a significant clinical threat, despite the introduction of new antibiotics. The study highlights the evolution of resistance and virulence in this pathogen and the impact on patient outcomes in South India, providing valuable information for clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abi Manesh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | - Chaitra Shankar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | - Mithun M George
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | - Davinder S Jasrotia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | - Binesh Lal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | - Biju George
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vikram Mathews
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C E Eapen
- Department of Hepatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Philip Joseph
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Subramani
- Division of Critical Care, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shoma Rao
- Division of Critical Care, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - John V Peter
- Division of Critical Care, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Binila Chacko
- Division of Critical Care, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand Zachariah
- Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowmya Sathyendra
- Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samuel G Hansdak
- Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ramya Iyadurai
- Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saranya Vijayakumar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | - Rajiv Karthik
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | - Charis A Marwick
- Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Ian H Gilbert
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Balaji Veeraraghavan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India.
| | - George M Varghese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India.
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Varma M, Jayaprakash B, Lal B. Application of Deep Learning Technique for the Detection of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). CM 2023. [DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2023.26.375382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A blockage or cessation of blood flow to our heart muscle is a sign of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), which is caused by an accumulation of fatty substances in the coronary arteries known as atheroma. The principal blood channels that deliver blood to the heart are known as coronary arteries. In this paper, the possible application of deep learning technique is explored for the detection of Coronary Heart Disease. In this study, the methodology includes infrastructure creation for the detection of CHD using supervised and unsupervised learning. The result shows the proceeding to manage the data set and process the data there, user input is appropriately gathered. The embedded system that conducts data translation is linked to the controller sensor, which regulates the CHD pulse system. The study concludes that the diagnostic accuracy of the deep learning model using Decision Tree (DT) and Naive Bayes (NB) Classification is effective and error-free. DT and NB Classification is an effective way of detecting CHD by the deep learning model. The future potential of this paper is the development of models for heart disease diagnoses in patients around the world.
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Veeraraghavan B, Bakthavatchalam YD, Manesh A, Lal B, Swaminathan S, Ansari A, Subbareddy K, Rangappa P, Choudhuri AH, Nagvekar V, Mehta Y, Appalaraju B, Baveja S, Baliga S, Shenoy S, Bhardwaj R, Kongre V, Dattatraya GS, Verma B, Mukherjee DN, Gupta S, Shanmugam P, Iravane J, Mishra SR, Barman P, Chopra S, Hariharan M, Surpam R, Pratap R, Turbadkar D, Taklikar S. India-discovered levonadifloxacin & alalevonadifloxacin: A review on susceptibility testing methods, CLSI quality control and breakpoints along with a brief account of their emerging therapeutic profile as a novel standard-of-care. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 41:71-80. [PMID: 36509611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levonadifloxacin (intravenous) and alalevonadifloxacin (oral prodrug) are novel antibiotics based on benzoquinolizine subclass of fluoroquinolone, licensed for clinical use in India in 2019. The active moiety, levonadifloxacin, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with a high potency against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus. aureus, multi-drug resistant pneumococci and anaerobes. OBJECTIVE This review, for the first time, critically analyses the antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods, Clinical Laboratory & Standards Institute (CLSI)-quality control of susceptibility testing and breakpoints of levonadifloxacin. Further, the genesis, discovery and developmental aspects as well as therapeutic profile of levonadifloxacin and alalevonadifloxacin are briefly described. CONTENTS In order to aid the scientific and clinician communities with a single comprehensive overview on all the key aspects of levonadifloxacin and alalevonadifloxacin, the present article covers the reference MIC and disk diffusion methods for levonadifloxacin susceptibility testing that were approved by CLSI and the reference ranges for quality control strains published in the CLSI M100 document. The breakpoints of levonadifloxacin were derived in concordance to US FDA, European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and CLSI approaches. Further, the article provides a brief account of challenges encountered during the discovery stages of levonadifloxacin and alalevonadifloxacin, activity spectrum and safety benefits accruing from structural novelty-linked mechanism of action. Further, the review also covers in vitro and in vivo activities, registrational clinical studies and patient-friendly features of levonadifloxacin/alalevonadifloxacin. Cumulatively, levonadifloxacin has a potential to offer a long awaited new standard-of-care treatment for the resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Veeraraghavan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India.
| | | | - Abi Manesh
- Department of Infectious Disease, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Binesh Lal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Abdul Ansari
- Critical Care Division, Nanavati Max Super Speciality Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Subbareddy
- Critical care, Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Anirban Hom Choudhuri
- Critical care, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Vasant Nagvekar
- Department of Physician/Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Lilavati Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yatin Mehta
- Department of Medanta Institute of Critical Care and Anesthesiology, Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Boppe Appalaraju
- Department of Microbiology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sujata Baveja
- Department of Microbiology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital and Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Sion, Mumbai, India
| | - Shrikala Baliga
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Suchitra Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Microbiology, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaishali Kongre
- Department of Microbiology, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Binita Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Shree Jagannath Hospital & Research Centre, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - D N Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology, Woodlands Multispeciality Hospital Ltd, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shalini Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Somani Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Priyadarshini Shanmugam
- Department of Microbiology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jyoti Iravane
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudhi Ranjan Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Aditya Care Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Purabi Barman
- Department of Microbiology, BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shimpi Chopra
- Department of Microbiology, BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rajendra Surpam
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rana Pratap
- Department of Microbiology, Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Jamuhar, Bihar, India
| | - Dilip Turbadkar
- Department of Microbiology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital and Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Sion, Mumbai, India
| | - Shripad Taklikar
- Department of Microbiology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital and Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Sion, Mumbai, India
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Shankar C, Basu S, Lal B, Shanmugam S, Vasudevan K, Mathur P, Ramaiah S, Anbarasu A, Veeraraghavan B. Aerobactin Seems To Be a Promising Marker Compared With Unstable RmpA2 for the Identification of Hypervirulent Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: In Silico and In Vitro Evidence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:709681. [PMID: 34589442 PMCID: PMC8473682 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.709681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of hypervirulent (hv) carbapenem-resistant (CR) Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is increasing globally among various clones and is also responsible for nosocomial infections. The CR-hvKp is formed by the uptake of a virulence plasmid by endemic high-risk clones or by the uptake of plasmids carrying antimicrobial resistance genes by the virulent clones. Here, we describe CR-hvKp from India belonging to high-risk clones that have acquired a virulence plasmid and are phenotypically unidentified due to lack of hypermucoviscosity. Methods Twenty-seven CRKp isolates were identified to possess rmpA2 by whole-genome sequencing; and resistance and virulence determinants were characterized. By in silico protein modeling (and validation), protein backbone stability analysis, and coarse dynamics study, the fitness of RmpA, RmpA2, and aerobactin-associated proteins-IucA and IutA, were determined to establish a reliable marker for clinical identification of CR-hvKp. Results The CR-hvKp belonged to multidrug-resistant (MDR) high-risk clones such as CG11, CG43, ST15, and ST231 and carried OXA-232 as the predominant carbapenemase followed by NDM. The virulence plasmid belonged to IncHI1B replicon type and carried frameshifted and truncated rmpA and rmpA2. This resulted in a lack of hypermucoviscous phenotype. However, functional aerobactin was expressed in all high-risk clones. In silico analysis portrayed that IucA and IutA were more stable than classical RmpA. Furthermore, IucA and IutA had lower conformational fluctuations in the functional domains than the non-functional RmpA2, which increases the fitness cost of the latter for its maintenance and expression among CR-hvKp. Hence, RmpA and RmpA2 are likely to be lost among CR-hvKp owing to the increased fitness cost while coding for essential antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors. Conclusion Increasing incidence of convergence of AMR and virulence is observed among K. pneumoniae globally, which warrants the need for reliable markers for identifying CR-hvKp. The presence of non-functional RmpA2 among high-risk clones highlights the significance of molecular identification of CR-hvKp. The negative string test due to non-functional RmpA2 among CR-hvKp isolates challenges phenotypic screening and faster identification of this pathotype. This can potentially be counteracted by projecting aerobactin as a stable, constitutively expressed, and functional marker for rapidly evolving CR-hvKp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitra Shankar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Soumya Basu
- Medical & Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Binesh Lal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Sathiya Shanmugam
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Karthick Vasudevan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Purva Mathur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex, Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudha Ramaiah
- Medical & Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Anand Anbarasu
- Medical & Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Balaji Veeraraghavan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
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Naha A, Vijayakumar S, Lal B, Shankar BA, Chandran S, Ramaiah S, Veeraraghavan B, Anbarasu A. Genome sequencing and molecular characterisation of XDR Acinetobacter baumannii reveal complexities in resistance: Novel combination of sulbactam-durlobactam holds promise for therapeutic intervention. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1946-1957. [PMID: 34597421 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Emerging nosocomial strains of Acinetobacter baumannii are of recent concern as they are expressing extensive drug resistance (XDR). Using whole-genome sequencing and molecular characterisation analysis, the current study reveals the presence of carbapenemase genes in 92.86% of studied Indian isolates. These included blaOXA-51 , blaOXA-23 , blaOXA-58 , and blaNDM genes, with over a third expressing dual carbapenemase genes. As per the MLST scheme, IC2Oxf /CC2Pas was the predominant clone, with 57.14% isolates belonging to this lineage. The presence of these carbapenemase genes resulted in sulbactam (SUL) resistance (MIC: 16-256 µg/ml) in all of the studied isolates. The efficacy of durlobactam (DUR), a novel β-lactamase inhibitor that also inhibits PBP2 was assessed through in silico intermolecular interaction analysis. Several nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in PBP2 (G264S, I108V, S259T) and PBP3 (A515V, T526S) sequences. Minimal variations were recorded in the protein backbone dynamics in active-site motifs of wild-type and mutants, which correlated with negligible binding energy fluctuations for the PBP3-SUL (-5.85 ± 0.04 kcal/mol) and PBP2-DUR (-5.16 ± 0.66 kcal/mol) complexes. Furthermore, higher binding affinities and low inhibition constants were noted in OXA23-DUR (-7.36 kcal/mol; 4.01 µM), OXA58-DUR (-6.44 kcal/mol; 19.07 µM), and NDM-DUR (-6.82 kcal/mol; 10.01 µM) complexes when compared with the conventional drugs avibactam and aztreonam. Stable interaction profiles of DUR with carbapenemases can possibly restore SUL activity against both PBP3WT and PBP3MTs . The study establishes the efficacy of the novel SUL-DUR combination as a successful treatment strategy in combating emerging XDR strains of A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Naha
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saranya Vijayakumar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Binesh Lal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baby A Shankar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suriya Chandran
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudha Ramaiah
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji Veeraraghavan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand Anbarasu
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Veeraraghavan B, Bakthavatchalam YD, Manokaran Y, Babu P, Lal B, Murugesan M, OC A, Ralph R. Activity of WCK 5222 (cefepime/zidebactam, FEP/ZID) against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia collected from a large Indian tertiary-care hospital during 2018–2020. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106421.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Veeraraghavan B, Manokaran Y, Anandan S, Shankar A, Bakthavatchalam YD, Lal B, Gunasekaran K, Iyyadurai R. In vitro activity of WCK 5222 (cefepime/zidebactam) against bioterror pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106421.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sahoo A, Sarkar S, Lal B, Kumawat P, Sharma S, De K. Utilization of fruit and vegetable waste as an alternative feed resource for sustainable and eco-friendly sheep farming. Waste Manag 2021; 128:232-242. [PMID: 34010789 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Globally, 10-20% of horticultural wastes are disposed in landfills leading to environmental pollution. Recycling these wastes as animal feedstuff will lessen food-feed competition and minimize environmental hazards. The present study was undertaken to determine the nutritional quality of fresh fruit and vegetable waste (F&VW) and their dietary inclusion on nutrient utilization, antioxidant status, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and potable water sparing efficacy in sheep. Three dietary combinations were formulated i.e. control (C):70% Cenchrus ciliaris hay +30% concentrate mixture (CM), diet with fruit waste (FWD):70% Cenchrus ciliaris hay +20% CM +10% FW and diet with vegetable waste (VWD):70% Cenchrus ciliaris hay +20% CM +10% VW for in vitro and in vivo evaluation of these wastes as potential livestock feed. Twenty-one adult ewes were allocated into 3 groups C, FWD and VWD and fed on the above three diets. Dry matter and crude protein digestibility were significantly enhanced by 5.5 and 7.2%; 7.3 and 7.6% in F&VW supplemented groups, respectively, without affecting feed intake. Plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was improved by 32.2 and 26.3% in F&VW supplemented groups. Inclusion of F&VW biomass reduced annual methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (kg CO2eq/sheep) by 3.12 and 4.55%; 15.18 and 14.92% and thus contributed to lowering of global warming potential by 4.00 and 5.27%, respectively. Furthermore, there was a net reduction of potable water consumption by 21.78 and 13.92% in F&VW supplemented groups, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that F&VW can be a potential feedstuff for ruminants and its efficient reuse would minimize environmental impacts associated with disposal of such waste in the landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sahoo
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan 304501, India
| | - Srobana Sarkar
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan 304501, India.
| | - B Lal
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan 304501, India
| | - Pankaj Kumawat
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan 304501, India
| | - Shivendra Sharma
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan 304501, India
| | - Kalyan De
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan 304501, India
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Lal B, Alagarsamy R, Agarwal B, Bhutia O, Roychoudhury A. Patient-specific three-dimensional printed template for halo frame pin placement for multiple skull bone defects after cranioplasty. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 59:847-849. [PMID: 34261610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Lal
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R Alagarsamy
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - B Agarwal
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - O Bhutia
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Roychoudhury
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Alagarsamy R, Lal B, Sagar S, Roychoudhury A, Yadav R. Digital workflow for treating comminuted anterior mandibular fracture - A technical note. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 122:453-455. [PMID: 32891879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Comminuted mandibular fracture poses a surgical challenge. Extensive comminution and absence of reference adds complexity particularly in anterior region. In this technical note, we describe a novel application of virtual surgical planning combined with 3D printing which grants precise anatomic reduction in such cases. Computed Tomography data (mandible) of another patient of same age and sex was utilized to create reference model by virtual surgical planning. Virtually created model was 3D printed and utilized for precontouring the reconstruction plate which assisted in achieving satisfactory outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alagarsamy
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - B Lal
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Sagar
- Division of Trauma Surgery and Critical Care, JPNATC, New Delhi, India
| | - A Roychoudhury
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R Yadav
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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13
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Lal B, Sharma SC, Meena RL, Sarkar S, Sahoo A, Balai RC, Gautam P, Meena BP. Utilization of byproducts of sheep farming as organic fertilizer for improving soil health and productivity of barley forage. J Environ Manage 2020; 269:110765. [PMID: 32425170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wool is a biodegradable fiber, rich in nutrients and can be recycled in soil as a fertilizer for maximum benefits. The present study was planned with the hypothesis that waste wool could be used as a nutrient source or manure to forage crops and aim of this study was to identify practicable recycling options of sheep based wastes in agriculture. In our study, we have compared the effect of different sheep based organic wastes on soil health, crop productivity and water use. Application of waste wool in soil significantly improved the fertility status of soil, and considerable improvement was also observed in organic carbon and nitrogen, i.e. around 30.8 and 32.6% higher over control. The activities of soil enzymes were 10-30% and 3-20% higher in waste wool treatment as compared to control and sheep based manures, respectively. Application of waste wool not only improved soil health but produced 50% higher grain and dry fodder yield of barley over control. The improvement in physical properties of soil with waste wool resulted in higher water use efficiency of the system. Our study will help in distinguishing choices for safe use of organic wastes along with up gradation of soil health and crop water utilization, particularly in nutrient poor soils of arid and semi-arid region of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lal
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India.
| | - S C Sharma
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - R L Meena
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Srobana Sarkar
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - A Sahoo
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Roop Chand Balai
- ICAR-Central Institute of Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Priyanka Gautam
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - B P Meena
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, MP, India
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Shankar C, Venkatesan M, Rajan R, Mani D, Lal B, Prakash JAJ, Anandan S, Pragasam AK, Walia K, Ohri VC, Veeraraghavan B. Molecular characterization of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae & its clonal relationship among Indian isolates. Indian J Med Res 2019; 149:199-207. [PMID: 31219084 PMCID: PMC6563726 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2087_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), a common cause of invasive infections, is often extensively drug resistant in India. At present, studies on resistance mechanism and clonal relationship of KP from India are limited. The present study was undertaken to determine the resistance mechanism and clonal relationship of colistin-resistant isolates obtained from various specimens. Carbapenemases were also determined since the isolates were carbapenem resistant. Methods: Sixty five isolates from blood, exudates and respiratory specimens collected between 2016 and 2017 were studied. Colistin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed by broth-micro dilution method. Multiplex PCR was carried out to determine carbapenemases. Targeted sequencing was performed to determine mutations in mgrB, phoP, phoQ and multilocus sequence typing was performed to determine the prevalent clones. Results: Colistin MIC ranged from 4 to 256 μg/ml. SHV, TEM and CTX-M were co-produced in 60 per cent and OXA48-like in 71 per cent. Thirteen isolates had mutations in mgrB. Mutations included a premature stop codon at 21st amino acid, the presence of insertion sequences such as IS903, ISKpn14 and ISKpn26; and elongation of mgrB. Novel mutations were also observed among phoP and phoQ genes. Colistin resistance due to mcr genes was absent. Fifteen clonal types were seen with ST231, ST14 and ST2096 being predominant. Interpretation & conclusions: This study revealed the changing trend of carbapenem resistance mechanism predominantly to OXA48-like from NDM. Known mgrB mutations and novel mutations in phoP and phoQ were detected. There was no plasmid-mediated colistin resistance. ST14 and ST231 were international clones associated with carbapenem resistance. Colistin-resistant KP was of diverse clones with predominantly ST231, ST14 and ST2096.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitra Shankar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Ranjani Rajan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Deepa Mani
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Binesh Lal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Shalini Anandan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Kamini Walia
- Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - V C Ohri
- Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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George R, Hariharan TD, Arunshankar A, Elangovan D, Lal B, Chandy VJ, Oommen AT, Poonnoose PM. Is it safe to do a single-stage implant exit and primary hip replacement? clinical and microbiological profiling. Indian J Med Microbiol 2019; 37:531-535. [PMID: 32436876 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_20_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background A single-stage implant revision for failed fixation of proximal femoral fractures is performed only when there is no evidence of infection. Else, a two-staged revision is preferred - where the definitive revision surgery is done a few months after the implant exit. This study aims to audit the safety and incidence of culture positivity in single-stage revisions. Materials and Methods Forty one of 284 patients that presented over the last 12 years for implant exchange of the hip, had a single stage revision surgery for failed fixation of a fracture of the hip, as there was no obvious evidence of infection at the time of implant exit. Results Micro-organisms were grown in 51% of the 41 hips. 76% were gram positive, of which 63% were Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS). 50% of CoNS and 75% of S. aureus were resistant to oxacillin, but susceptible to Vancomycin. Of the gram negative organisms, 2 (Enterobacter sp) were resistant to carbapenam, while others were susceptible. Preoperative ESR and CRP, individually, had low specificity - 50% for ESR >30mm at 1 hour and 62% for CRP>10. The combined use of ESR > 30mm and CRP>10 increased the specificity to 90%. 12% of the patients had immediate postoperative complications that required a wash out in theatre. The long term clinical follow up of these patients is limited. Conclusion This study suggests that implant exit and simultaneous arthroplasty for failed fracture fixation should be done with caution due to the high possibility of infection. It may be prudent to opt for a 2 stage revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul George
- Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T D Hariharan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Arunshankar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Divyaa Elangovan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Binesh Lal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V J Chandy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A T Oommen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gautam P, Lal B, Nayak AK, Raja R, Panda BB, Tripathi R, Shahid M, Kumar U, Baig MJ, Chatterjee D, Swain CK. Inter-relationship between intercepted radiation and rice yield influenced by transplanting time, method, and variety. Int J Biometeorol 2019; 63:337-349. [PMID: 30680629 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-01667-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is one of the most important environmental factors that determine the productivity and grain quality of the crops. Continuous rainy days or cloudy weather throughout crop growth especially at critical stages often resulted in great loss of grain quality and yield in rice. Low light stress has rigorously constrained the rice production in various rice-growing regions, especially in Southeast Asia. Method and time of planting are the major management factors contributing to the higher yield potential of rice by influencing light harvesting and use efficiency. Present study was executed consecutively for 5 years (kharif seasons of 2012-2016) to determine whether planting time improves the radiation absorption and use efficiency in different duration rice cultivars. We evaluated the difference in plant growth and development leading to yield formation under different planting time which related to radiation incidence and interception. The results of the study revealed that PAR interception depends on morphological characters of cultivars and also with agronomic management such as transplanting time and method. Long duration cultivar intercepted more PAR but interception decreased due to late planting (3rd week of July), whereas short duration cultivars (Naveen) when planted earlier (1st week of June) could not effectively utilize intercepted PAR constraining the biomass accumulation and yield formation. Effect of planting density and crop architecture on PAR absorption was apparent among establishment methods as light interception at crop canopy was highest in the system of rice intensification and lowest in that of wet direct seeding. In general, Pooja as a long duration cultivar intercepted more PAR per day but when compared on same date of planting, the comparative absorption of radiation was 30.6% higher in Naveen. The lower yields in the wet season are attributed mostly to reduction in grain number per panicle or per unit land area, which is a consequence of high spikelet sterility. Grain yield of rice planted in July third week was reduced by 3.8, 12.3, and 6.9% over June first and third week and July first week, respectively, mainly due to spikelet sterility (26%) and lower grains per panicle (18%). Our results indicated that agronomic management like optimum time of sowing, cultivar duration, and establishment methods should be followed for yield improvement in tropical lowlands where light intensity is limiting due to prevailing weather situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gautam
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India.
- ICAR-National Research Center on Camel, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India.
| | - B Lal
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - A K Nayak
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - R Raja
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - B B Panda
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - R Tripathi
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - M Shahid
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - U Kumar
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - M J Baig
- Crop Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - D Chatterjee
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - C K Swain
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
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Abstract
Specimen collection and processing is an important aspect of clinical microbiology laboratory. The reports are dependent on the quality of the specimen and the time between the collection and processing. Appropriate methodology needs to be followed for the collection, amount, type, labeling, transportation, and processing of the specimens especially for organism like Acinetobacter species. Various biochemical tests are used for identification of various organisms. Such identification depends on the ability of organisms to produce certain enzymes or to utilize certain compound to be identified by biochemical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binesh Lal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saranya Vijayakumar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shalini Anandan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji Veeraraghavan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Thakur S, Koundal R, Kumar D, Maurya AK, Padwad YS, Lal B, Agnihotri VK. Volatile Composition and Cytotoxic Activity of Aerial Parts of Crassocephalum crepidioides growing in Western Himalaya, India. Indian J Pharm Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Wadley V, Howard V, Knopman D, Lal B, Meschia J, Howard G, Brott T, Lazar R. CENTRALIZED COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT IN A MULTICENTER TRIAL OF TREATMENT MODES FOR ASYMPTOMATIC CAROTID ARTERY DISEASE. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V Wadley
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics & Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - V Howard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - B Lal
- University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - J Meschia
- Department of Neurology, The Mayo Clinic Jacksonville
| | - G Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - T Brott
- Department of Neurology, The Mayo Clinic Jacksonville
| | - R Lazar
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Veeraraghavan B, Lal B, Devanga Ragupathi NK, Neeravi IR, Jeyaraman R, Varghese R, Paul MM, Baskaran A, Ranjan R. First genome report on novel sequence types of Neisseria meningitidis: ST12777 and ST12778. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 12:117-118. [PMID: 29269053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neisseria meningitidis is an important causative agent of meningitis and/or sepsis with high morbidity and mortality. Baseline genome data on N. meningitidis, especially from developing countries such as India, are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the whole genome sequences of N. meningitidis isolates from a tertiary care centre in India. METHODS Whole-genome sequencing was performed using an Ion Torrent™ Personal Genome Machine™ (PGM) with 400-bp chemistry. Data were assembled de novo using SPAdes Genome Assembler v.5.0.0.0. Sequence annotation was performed through PATRIC, RAST and the NCBI PGAAP server. Downstream analysis of the isolates was performed using the Center for Genomic Epidemiology databases for antimicrobial resistance genes and sequence types. Virulence factors and CRISPR were analysed using the PubMLST database and CRISPRFinder, respectively. RESULTS This study reports the whole genome shotgun sequences of eight N. meningitidis isolates from bloodstream infections. The genome data revealed two novel sequence types (ST12777 and ST12778), along with ST11, ST437 and ST6928. The virulence profile of the isolates matched their sequence types. All isolates were negative for plasmid-mediated resistance genes. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ST11 and ST437 N. meningitidis isolates in India along with two novel sequence types (ST12777 and ST12778). These results indicate that the sequence types circulating in India are diverse and require continuous monitoring. Further studies strengthening the genome data on N. meningitidis are required to understand the prevalence, spread, exact resistance and virulence mechanisms along with serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Veeraraghavan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India.
| | - Binesh Lal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India
| | | | - Iyyan Raj Neeravi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India
| | - Ranjith Jeyaraman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India
| | - Rosemol Varghese
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India
| | | | | | - Ranjini Ranjan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India
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Lakra KC, Lal B, Banerjee TK. Decontamination of coal mine effluent generated at the Rajrappa coal mine using phytoremediation technology. Int J Phytoremediation 2017; 19:530-536. [PMID: 27936868 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1267698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of the effluent generated at the Rajrappa coal mine complex under the Central Coalfields Limited (CCL, a subsidiary of Coal India Limited) in Jharkhand, India was investigated. The concentrations (mg L-1) of all the toxic metals (Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Cd) in the coal mine effluent were above the safe limit suggested by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 2003). Among these, Fe showed the highest concentration (18.21 ± 3.865), while Cr had the lowest effluent concentration (0.15 ± 0.014). Efforts were also made to detoxify the effluent using two species of aquatic macrophytes namely "'Salvinia molesta and Pistia stratiotes." After 10 days of phytoremediation, S. molesta removed Pb (96.96%) > Ni (97.01%) > Cu (96.77%) > Zn (96.38%) > Mn (96.22%) > Fe (94.12%) > Cr (92.85%) > Cd (80.99%), and P. stratiotes removed Pb (96.21%) > Fe (94.34%) > Ni (92.53%) > Mn (85.24%) > Zn (79.51%) > Cr (78.57%) > Cu (74.19%) > Cd (72.72%). The impact of coal mine exposure on chlorophyll content showed a significant decrease of 42.49% and 24.54% from control values in S. molesta and P. stratiotes, respectively, perhaps due to the damage inflicted by the toxic metals, leading to the decay of plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana C Lakra
- a Department of Zoology , Banaras Hindu University (BHU) , Varanasi , India
| | - B Lal
- a Department of Zoology , Banaras Hindu University (BHU) , Varanasi , India
| | - T K Banerjee
- a Department of Zoology , Banaras Hindu University (BHU) , Varanasi , India
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Bhattacharyya P, Roy KS, Nayak AK, Shahid M, Lal B, Gautam P, Mohapatra T. Metagenomic assessment of methane production-oxidation and nitrogen metabolism of long term manured systems in lowland rice paddy. Sci Total Environ 2017; 586:1245-1253. [PMID: 28238374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical pathways of methanogenesis and methanotrophy coupled with carbon (C)-nitrogen (N) metabolism were studied in long term (13years) manured systems in lowland rice paddy through metagenomics approach. Manured systems included in this study were, control (exclusion of application of any manure), farm yard manure (FYM, @5Mgha-1yr-1) and green manuring (GM with Sesbania aculeata). Metagenomic sequence data revealed the dominance of C decomposing bacterial communities' like Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, in manure amended soils as compared to control. Diversities for assimilatory and dissimilatory N-fixing microorganisms at phylum level were found higher under GM as compared to rest. Two genera responsible for methanogenesis, viz. Methanolobus and Methanotorris were absent in manured systems as compared to control. The acetoclastic and serine pathway was found as the predominant pathway for methanogenesis and methanotrophy, respectively, in tropical lowland rice paddy. Abundance reads of enzymes were in the range of 254-445 in the acetoclastic methanogenesis pathway. On the other hand, these were varied from 165 to 216 in serine pathway of methanotrophy. Lowland paddy soil exhibited higher functional and structural diversities in manured systems as compared to unamended control in respect to labile C pools and CH4 production. Methane (CH4) emission was 31% higher in FYM system than GM. However, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission was found 25% higher in GM as compared to FYM. As a whole, bacterial diversities were higher under FYM system in tropical lowland rice paddy as compared to GM and unamended systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bhattacharyya
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibre, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India.
| | - K S Roy
- Dept. of Applied Sciences, ITM University, Vadodadra, Gujarat 391510, India
| | - A K Nayak
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Odisha 753006, India
| | - M Shahid
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Odisha 753006, India
| | - B Lal
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Odisha 753006, India
| | - P Gautam
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Odisha 753006, India
| | - T Mohapatra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, India
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Lal B, Rana KS, Gautam P, Rana DS, Meena BP, Meena RK. Productivity of Ethiopian Mustard + Chickpea Intercropping System Influenced by Moisture Conservation Practices and P and S Fertilization. Natl Acad Sci Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40009-016-0481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Raja R, Nayak AK, Shukla AK, Rao KS, Gautam P, Lal B, Tripathi R, Shahid M, Panda BB, Kumar A, Bhattacharyya P, Bardhan G, Gupta S, Patra DK. Impairment of soil health due to fly ash-fugitive dust deposition from coal-fired thermal power plants. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:679. [PMID: 26450689 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4902-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Thermal power stations apart from being source of energy supply are causing soil pollution leading to its degradation in fertility and contamination. Fine particle and trace element emissions from energy production in coal-fired thermal power plants are associated with significant adverse effects on human, animal, and soil health. Contamination of soil with cadmium, nickel, copper, lead, arsenic, chromium, and zinc can be a primary route of human exposure to these potentially toxic elements. The environmental evaluation of surrounding soil of thermal power plants in Odisha may serve a model study to get the insight into hazards they are causing. The study investigates the impact of fly ash-fugitive dust (FAFD) deposition from coal-fired thermal power plant emissions on soil properties including trace element concentration, pH, and soil enzymatic activities. Higher FAFD deposition was found in the close proximity of power plants, which led to high pH and greater accumulation of heavy metals. Among the three power plants, in the vicinity of NALCO, higher concentrations of soil organic carbon and nitrogen was observed whereas, higher phosphorus content was recorded in the proximity of NTPC. Multivariate statistical analysis of different variables and their association indicated that FAFD deposition and soil properties were influenced by the source of emissions and distance from source of emission. Pollution in soil profiles and high risk areas were detected and visualized using surface maps based on Kriging interpolation. The concentrations of chromium and arsenic were higher in the soil where FAFD deposition was more. Observance of relatively high concentration of heavy metals like cadmium, lead, nickel, and arsenic and a low concentration of enzymatic activity in proximity to the emission source indicated a possible link with anthropogenic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Raja
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India.
| | - A K Nayak
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - A K Shukla
- Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462038, India
| | - K S Rao
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - Priyanka Gautam
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - B Lal
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - R Tripathi
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - M Shahid
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - B B Panda
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - A Kumar
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - P Bhattacharyya
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - G Bardhan
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - S Gupta
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - D K Patra
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
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Bihari P, Nayak AK, Gautam P, Lal B, Shahid M, Raja R, Tripathi R, Bhattacharyya P, Panda BB, Mohanty S, Rao KS. Long-term effect of rice-based farming systems on soil health. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:296. [PMID: 25913623 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Integrated rice-fish culture, an age-old farming system, is a technology which could produce rice and fish sustainably at a time by optimizing scarce resource use through complementary use of land and water. An understanding of microbial processes is important for the management of farming systems as soil microbes are the living part of soil organic matter and play critical roles in soil C and N cycling and ecosystem functioning of farming system. Rice-based integrated farming system model for small and marginal farmers was established in 2001 at Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha. The different enterprises of farming system were rice-fish, fish-fingerlings, fruits, vegetables, rice-fish refuge, and agroforestry. This study was conducted with the objective to assess the soil physicochemical properties, microbial population, carbon and nitrogen fractions, soil enzymatic activity, and productivity of different enterprises. The effect of enterprises induced significant changes in the chemical composition and organic matter which in turn influenced the activities of enzymes (urease, acid, and alkaline phosphatase) involved in the C, N, and P cycles. The different enterprises of long-term rice-based farming system caused significant variations in nutrient content of soil, which was higher in rice-fish refuge followed by rice-fish enterprise. Highest microbial populations and enzymatic properties were recorded in rice-fish refuge system because of waterlogging and reduced condition prolonged in this system leading to less decomposition of organic matter. The maximum alkaline phosphatase, urease, and FDA were observed in rice-fish enterprise. However, highest acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase activity were obtained in vegetable enterprise and fish-fingerlings enterprise, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bihari
- Division of Crop Production, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753 006, Odisha, India
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Nayak AK, Raja R, Rao KS, Shukla AK, Mohanty S, Shahid M, Tripathi R, Panda BB, Bhattacharyya P, Kumar A, Lal B, Sethi SK, Puri C, Nayak D, Swain CK. Effect of fly ash application on soil microbial response and heavy metal accumulation in soil and rice plant. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015; 114:257-262. [PMID: 24836933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash (FA), a byproduct of coal combustion in thermal power plants, has been considered as a problematic solid waste and its safe disposal is a cause of concern. Several studies proposed that FA can be used as a soil additive; however its effect on microbial response, soil enzymatic activities and heavy metal accumulation in soil and grain of rice (cv. Naveen) to fly ash (FA) application was studied in a pot experiment during dry season 2011 in an Inceptisol. Fly ash was applied at a rate of zero per cent (FS), five per cent (FA5), ten per cent (FA10), twenty per cent (FA20), 40 per cent (FA40) and 100 per cent (FA100) on soil volume basis with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) (40:20:20mg N:P:Kkg(-1) soil) with six replications. Heavy metals contents in soil and plant parts were analysed after harvest of crop. On the other hand, microbial population and soil enzymatic activities were analysed at panicle initiation stage (PI, 65 days after transplanting) of rice. There was no significant change in the concentration of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) with application of fly ash up to FA10. However, at FA100 there was significant increase of all metals concentration in soil than other treatments. Microorganisms differed in their response to the rate of FA application. Population of both fungi and actinomycetes decreased with the application of fly ash, while aerobic heterotrophic bacterial population did not change significantly up to FA40. On the other hand, total microbial activity measured in terms of Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) assay, and denitrifiers showed an increased trend up to FA40. However, activities of both alkaline and acid phosphatase were decreased with the application of FA. Application of FA at lower levels (ten to twenty per cent on soil volume basis) in soil enhanced micronutrients content, microbial activities and crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Nayak
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India.
| | - R Raja
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - K S Rao
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - A K Shukla
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India; AICRP (Micronutrients), IISS, Bhopal, India
| | - Sangita Mohanty
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - R Tripathi
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - B B Panda
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - P Bhattacharyya
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Anjani Kumar
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - B Lal
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - S K Sethi
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - C Puri
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - D Nayak
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - C K Swain
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
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Pathak M, Devi A, Bhattacharyya KG, Sarma HK, Subudhi S, Lal B. Production of a non-cytotoxic bioflocculant by a bacterium utilizing a petroleum hydrocarbon source and its application in heavy metal removal. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08636a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A bacterium isolated from the activated sludge of an oil refinery of Assam, India retained efficient bioflocculating activity through production of the bioflocculant when it was grown on a crude oil amended medium void of any other carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pathak
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory
- Resource Management and Environment Section
- Life Science Division
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology
- Guwahati
| | - A. Devi
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory
- Resource Management and Environment Section
- Life Science Division
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology
- Guwahati
| | | | - H. K. Sarma
- Department of Biotechnology
- Gauhati University
- Guwahati
- India
| | - S. Subudhi
- Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology Division
- The Energy and Resources Institute
- New Delhi
- India
| | - B. Lal
- Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology Division
- The Energy and Resources Institute
- New Delhi
- India
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28
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Lopez-Bertoni H, Lal B, Li A, Caplan M, Guerrero-Cázares H, Eberhart CG, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Glas M, Scheffler B, Laterra J, Li Y. DNMT-dependent suppression of microRNA regulates the induction of GBM tumor-propagating phenotype by Oct4 and Sox2. Oncogene 2014; 34:3994-4004. [PMID: 25328136 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells represent poorly differentiated multipotent tumor-propagating cells that contribute disproportionately to therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Transcriptional mechanisms that control the phenotypic conversion of tumor cells lacking tumor-propagating potential to tumor-propagating stem-like cells remain obscure. Here we show that the reprogramming transcription factors Oct4 and Sox2 induce glioblastoma cells to become stem-like and tumor-propagating via a mechanism involving direct DNA methyl transferase (DNMT) promoter transactivation, resulting in global DNA methylation- and DNMT-dependent downregulation of multiple microRNAs (miRNAs). We show that one such downregulated miRNA, miRNA-148a, inhibits glioblastoma cell stem-like properties and tumor-propagating potential. This study identifies a novel and targetable molecular circuit by which glioma cell stemness and tumor-propagating capacity are regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lopez-Bertoni
- Hugo W Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B Lal
- Hugo W Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Li
- Hugo W Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Caplan
- Hugo W Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H Guerrero-Cázares
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C G Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Glas
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, MediClin Robert Janker Klinik and University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, MediClin Robert Janker Klinik and University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, MediClin Robert Janker Klinik and University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - B Scheffler
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, MediClin Robert Janker Klinik and University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Laterra
- Hugo W Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Y Li
- Hugo W Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Laterra J, Lopez-Bertoni H, Lal B, Li A, Caplan M, Guerrero-Cazares H, Eberhart CG, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Li Y. EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GBM CELL STEMNESS AND TUMOR PROPAGATING CAPACITY BY OCT4 AND SOX2. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou206.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Raja R, Nayak AK, Rao KS, Puree C, Shahid M, Panda BB, Kumar A, Tripathi R, Bhattacharyya P, Baig MJ, Lal B, Mohanty S, Gautam P. Effect of fly ash deposition on photosynthesis, growth and yield of rice. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2014; 93:106-112. [PMID: 24756333 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of fly ash deposition without and with (0.25, 0.50, 1.0 and 1.5 g m(-2 )day(-1)) foliar dusting on the photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, leaf temperature, albedo and productivity of rice. Dusting of 0.5 g m(-2 )day(-1) fly ash and above significantly reduced the photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and albedo. Panicle initiation and flowering stages were more influenced by the fly ash deposition as compared to active tillering stage. At higher rates of fly ash deposition, all growth and yield parameters were significantly influenced due to increased heat load and reduced intercellular CO2 concentration. A significant reduction of 12.3, 15.7 and 20.2 % in grain yield was recorded over control when fly ash was dusted at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g m(-2 )day(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Raja
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753 006, Odisha, India
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31
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Lal B, Dubey N. Existence of a nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide system in fish testis and its role in modulation of androgenesis. Fish Physiol Biochem 2013; 39:65-69. [PMID: 22565666 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fish testis is equipped with different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOSs) and is capable of producing nitric oxide (NO). Cellular sources of NO in the catfish testis are germ cells, Leydig cells, and macrophages. Production of testicular NO is under endocrine inhibitory control. Expression of NOSs exhibits seasonality and that depends on the reproductive status of fish. Leydig cells are highly sensitive to chemical as well as biological NO. NO inhibits testosterone production by the testis in vivo as well as by the isolated Leydig cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lal
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India.
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Brognaro E, Ghods A, Feinstein D, Glick R, Connolly KJ, Meetze K, Boudrow A, Gyuris J, Han M, Hingtgen S, Figueiredo JL, Farrar C, Farrar C, Deubgen M, Martinez-Quintanilla J, Bhere D, Shah K, Marino AM, Lang SS, Boucher K, Sievert AJ, Madsen PJ, Slaunwhite E, Brewington D, Storm PB, Resnick AC, Poon C, Wu W, Pontifex C, Al-Najjar M, Artee Luchman H, Chesnelong C, Chan J, Weiss S, Gregory Cairncross J, Blough M, Brennan PM, Baily J, Diaz M, Ironside JW, Sansom O, Brunton V, Frame M, Tome CML, Miller LD, Debinski W, Borges AR, Larrubia PL, Marques JMB, Cerdan SG, Ozawa T, Huse JT, Squatrito M, Holland EC, Lee MH, Amlin-Van Schaick J, Broman K, Reilly K, Miller CR, Vitucci M, Bash R, White KK, Schmid RS, Pham CD, Flores C, Snyder D, Bigner DD, Sampson JH, Mitchell DA, Lal B, Rath P, Ajala O, Goodwin RC, Mughal S, Laterra JJ, Corwin D, Holdsworth C, Stewart R, Baldock A, Rockne R, Swanson K, Corwin D, Holdsworth C, Stewart R, Baldock A, Rockne R, Swanson K, Mikheev AM, Ramakrishna R, Stoll EA, Mikheeva SA, Beyer RP, Born D, Rockhill JK, Silber JR, Horner PJ, Rostomily R, Higgins DM, Wang R, Schroeder M, Carlson B, Yamada R, Meyer FB, Sarkaria JN, Henley JR, Parney IF, Chae M, Zhang L, Peterson TE, Schroeder MA, Sarkaria JN. LAB-TUMOR MODELS (IN VIVO/IN VITRO). Neuro Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lal B, Beach K, Roubin G, Lutsep H, Moore W, Malas M, Chiu D, Gonzales N, Burke J, Rinaldi M, Elmore J, Weaver F, Narins C, Foster M, Hodgson K, Shepard A, Meschia J, Bergelin R, Voeks J, Howard G, Brott T. Restenosis Following Carotid Artery Stenting and Endarterectomy in the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial (S09.003). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Howard G, Roubin G, Hopkins LN, Moore W, Gray W, Rosenfield K, Katzen B, Chakhtoura E, Morrish W, Ferguson R, Hye R, Shawl F, Harrigan M, Voeks J, Lal B, Meschia J, Brott T. Did Carotid Stenting and Endarterectomy Outcomes Change over Time in the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial? (S09.005). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Roubin G, Popma J, Almonacid A, Morrish W, Katzen B, Chakhtoura E, Lal B, Voeks J, Meschia J, Brott T. Angiographic Predictors of Stroke after Carotid Artery Stenting - A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of 1070 Patients in the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial (S09.002). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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36
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Roubin G, Popma J, Almonacid A, Morrish W, Katzen B, Chakhtoura E, Lal B, Voeks J, Meschia J, Brott T. Angiographic Predictors of Stroke after Carotid Artery Stenting - A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of 1070 Patients in the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial (IN2-2.001). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.in2-2.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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37
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Lal B, Beach K, Roubin G, Lutsep H, Moore W, Malas M, Chiu D, Gonzales N, Burke J, Rinaldi M, Elmore J, Weaver F, Narins C, Foster M, Hodgson K, Shepard A, Meschia J, Bergelin R, Voeks J, Howard G, Brott T. Restenosis Following Carotid Artery Stenting and Endarterectomy in the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial (IN2-1.001). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.in2-1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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38
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Singh RM, Saini PK, Mathur SC, Singh GN, Lal B. Development and Validation of a RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Montelukast Sodium in Bulk and in Tablet Dosage Form. Indian J Pharm Sci 2010; 72:235-7. [PMID: 20838530 PMCID: PMC2929785 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.65023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 10/31/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work describes a simple, precise and accurate HPLC method for estimation of montelukast sodium in bulk and in tablet dosage form. The separation was achieved by using octadecylsilane column (C18) and acetonitrile:1 mM sodium acetate adjusted to pH 6.3 with acetic acid in proportion of 90:10 v/v as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. Detection was carried out at 285 nm. The retention time of montelukast sodium was found to be 3.4 min. The limit of detection was found 1.31 µg/ml and limit of quantification 3.97 µg/ml. The accuracy and reliability of the proposed method was ascertained by evaluating various validation parameters like linearity (1-100 µg/ml), precision, accuracy and specificity according to ICH guidelines. The proposed method provides an accurate and precise quality control tool for routine analysis of montelukast sodium in bulk and in tablet dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Singh
- Research and Development Division, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Sector-23, Rajnagar, Ghaziabad-201 002, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaberi Acharia
- a Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005, India
| | - B. Lal
- a Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005, India
| | - T.P. Singh
- a Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005, India
| | - A.K. Pati
- b Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, School of Life Sciences, Raipur-492010, India
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Singh AK, Lal B. Seasonal and circadian time-dependent dual action of GH on somatic growth and ovarian development in the Asian catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.): role of temperature. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2008; 159:98-106. [PMID: 18761011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2007] [Revised: 05/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effect of growth hormone (GH), injected either at the morning or evening, on the somatic and ovarian development of the Asian catfish, Clarias batrachus was studied during the late quiescence and early recrudescence phase of the reproductive cycle. GH treatment during the late quiescence phase (December-January; 11L: 13D, average water temperature 16.2+/-1 degrees C) failed to exert any impact on the somatic or ovarian development, except that it increased plasma testosterone marginally, and decreased hepatic level of triglycerides (TG); while during the early recrudescence phase (March-April; 12.4L: 11.20D; average water temperature-28.4+/-2 degrees C), GH had significant circadian time-dependent effect on somatic and ovarian development. GH injection at morning stimulated ovarian growth and development, as was evident from the dose-dependent significant increase in ovarian weight, gonadosomatic index, plasma levels of testosterone and estradiol-17beta following GH treatment. The ovarian morphology also revealed the advancement in follicular development in GH treated fish. GH also induced remarkable increase in ovarian levels of TG, free cholesterol (CF) and phospholipids (PL) with concomitant declines in their hepatic levels. However, evening hour GH injection provoked appreciable increase in body weight without having any significant impact on ovarian weight and GSI. Few oocytes in the ovary of evening hour GH treated fish exhibited advanced stages of development, but number of such advanced stage oocytes was significantly much less than the morning hour GH injected fish. Ovarian TG and PL remained unchanged, while their hepatic levels were increased. The temporal synergism between GH and other intrinsic factors regulating body growth and gonadal development may be suggested herewith to be considered prior to administration of GH in fishes. This study has immense practical use in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
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Srinivasaraghavan K, Sarma PM, Lal B. Comparative analysis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of two desulfurizing bacterial strains, Mycobacterium phlei SM120-1 and Mycobacterium phlei GTIS10. Lett Appl Microbiol 2006; 42:483-9. [PMID: 16620207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.01842.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare few phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of two desulfurizing bacterial strains, Mycobacterium phlei SM120-1 and Mycobacterium phlei GTIS10. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, dibenzothiophene (DBT) desulfurizing activity, composition of fatty acids of cell membranes, DBT sulfone monoxygenase gene (bdsA) and the selection pressure applied during the growth and enrichment of the bacterial strains M. phlei SM120-1 and M. phlei GTIS10 were compared in our laboratory. The DBT desulfurization activity of M. phlei SM120-1 was found to be 0.17 +/- 0.02 micromol 2-HBP min(-1) (gram dry cell weight)(-1) and that of the bacterial strain M. phlei GTIS10 was 1.09 +/- 0.05 micromol 2-HBP min(-1) (gram dry cell weight)(-1). Fatty acid methyl ester analysis of cell membranes of these two bacterial strains in the presence of light gas oil showed that both the strains had different fatty acid profiles in their cell membranes. Comparison of the full gene sequences of the desulfurization gene bdsA in the two bacterial strains showed significant difference in the bdsA gene sequences. There was a significant difference observed in the selection pressure applied during the growth and enrichment of the two bacterial strains. CONCLUSIONS The results of the comparative study of the bacterial strains, M. phlei SM120-1 and M. phlei GTIS10 showed that there were considerable differences in the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of these two strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY The present study would broaden the understanding of biodesulfurization trait at intra-species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Srinivasaraghavan
- Center of Bioresources and Biotechnology, TERI school of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) has recently been identified as co-gonadotropin regulating fish reproduction, hitherto, no effort has been made to see its effect on oocyte maturation in fishes, though some reports demonstrate the role of insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in oocyte maturation in teleosts. Hence, effect of GH on oocyte maturation in post-vitellogenic H. fossilis has been worked out in the present study. Post-vitellogenic follicles in the ovarian tissue were challenged in vitro with H. fossilis pituitary homogenate (fPH), Clarias batrachus GH and GtH, barramundi IGF-I (IGF-I), 17alpha, 20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and testosterone alone, or in combination with IGF-I for 18 h at 26+/-1 degrees C. Incubation of ovarian tissue with GH in the presence of actinomycin D: or cycloheximide or barramundi IGF-I antiserum was also made separately. In general, oocyte maturation was induced by fPH, barramundi IGF-I, GtH, GH and DHP, which was augmented further by addition of barramundi IGF-I. Testosterone had no effect on GVBD. Actinomycin D: , cycloheximide and anti barramundi IGF-I abolished the GH induced oocyte maturation. Present study suggests for the first time that GH has a role in egg maturation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Sarang
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
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Lal B, Singh AK. Immunological and physiological validation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for growth hormone of the Asian catfish, Clarias batrachus. Fish Physiol Biochem 2005; 31:289-293. [PMID: 20035472 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-006-0038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the development and validation of competitive antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for growth hormone (GH) of the catfish, Clarias batrachus. Isolated GH was characterized first through bioassay, amino acid sequencing, immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry, and then used to raise antibody to develop ELISA. The lowest detection limit of the assay system was 0.17 ng ml(-1), and the standard curve had an ED(50) value of 0.35 ng ml(-1). Repeated determination of GH in a plasma pool exhibited intra- and interassay co-efficient of variation of 8.1% and 7.09% (n=5), respectively. Dose-response inhibition curves resulting from dilutions of plasma and pituitary homogenate of C. batrachus were parallel to the standard curve, while such parallelism in the case of Cyprinus carpio and H. fossilis was absent revealing no cross reaction of them in the present ELISA. In vivo effects of sGnRH, testosterone, 5-HT and morphine on plasma GH were also examined to validate the ELISA physiologically. sGnRH, testosterone and morphine increased, while 5-HT decreased GH level in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lal
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India,
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Singh R, Lal B, Malviya M. Electrocatalytic activity of electrodeposited composite films of polypyrrole and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles towards oxygen reduction reaction. Electrochim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kaushik MP, Lal B, Raghuveeran CD, Vaidyanathaswamy R. Stereochemistry of aroylphosphonate phenylhydrazones and their conversion to 1H-indazole-3-phosphonates. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00139a023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gupta A, Gupta R, Lal B, Singh AK, Kothari K. Prevalence of coronary risk factors among Indian physicians. J Assoc Physicians India 2001; 49:1148-52. [PMID: 11996433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Prevalence of coronary risk factors has not been well studied in Indian physicians, therefore, to determine prevalence of selected lifestyle and biochemical coronary risk factors we performed this study. METHODS Physicians attending a national conference were invited to participate. Of the 1000 questionnaires circulated 256 physicians (221 males, 35 females) responded and were examined for presence of smoking, obesity, truncal obesity, hypertension and ECG abnormalities. Two hundred and thirty four physicians (91.4%, 203 males, 31 females) underwent a fasting blood examination for determination of glucose and lipid profile. Subjects were divided into three age groups: Group I aged < 40 years; Group II 40-49 years; and Group III > or = 50 years. RESULTS Mean age of the study population was 41.7 +/- 9.3 years (range 26-70). There was no significant difference in the distribution of height, weight, body-mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference and waist-hip ratio (WHR) in different age-groups. Systolic blood pressure (BP) and fasting glucose and triglyceride levels increased with age in both males and females, while diastolic BP, total - LDL and HDL cholesterol levels did not change. Smoking or tobacco use was seen in five males (2.3%). Prevalence of obesity (BMI > or = 25.0 kg/m2) was in 104 (48.6%) males and 18 (51.4%) females. Truncal obesity diagnosed by WHR > 0.9 in males and > 0.8 in females was in 160 (72.4%) males and 23 (65.7%) females and a large waist circumference, > or = 100 cm in males and > or = 90 cm in females, was in 58 (26.2%) males and 7 (20.0%) females. Hypertension (> or = 140/90) was in 74 (33.5%) males and 7 (20%) females. A high prevalence of diabetes diagnosed using fasting blood glucose > or = 126 mg/dl or previous history was noted in males 19 (9.4%), females 4 (12.9%). Prevalence of high total cholesterol levels > or = 200 mg/dl was in 91 (44.8%) males and 10 (32.3%) females. High LDL cholesterol level (> or = 100 mg/dl) was in 144 (70.9%) males and 22 (70.9%) females and LDL levels > or = 130 mg/dl in 70 (34.5%) males and 9 (29.0%) female physicians. High triglyceride levels (> or = 200 mg/dl) were in 38 (18.7%) males and 4 (12.9%) females. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were present in seven subjects: Q-waves in two males and one female and ST-T changes in three males and one female. BMI correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with systolic BP, fasting glucose, and triglycerides and WHR with systolic BP, diastolic BP, fasting glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels. CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of obesity, truncal obesity, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia in Indian physicians while smoking, low HDL cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia is low. The overall coronary risk is lower among Indian physicians as compared to previous Indian population studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gupta
- Government ESI Hospital, Jaipur
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Gupta A, Gupta R, Lal B. Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds on glycaemic control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double blind placebo controlled study. J Assoc Physicians India 2001; 49:1057-61. [PMID: 11868855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds on glycemic control and insulin resistance, determined by HOMA model, in mild to moderate type 2 diabetes mellitus we performed a double blind placebo controlled study. METHODS Twenty five newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes (fasting glucose < 200 mg/dl) were randomly divided into two groups. Group I (n=12) received 1 gm/day hydroalcoholic extract of fenugreek seeds and Group II (n=13) received usual care (dietary control, exercise) and placebo capsules for two months. RESULTS At baseline both the groups were similar in anthropometric and clinical variables. Oral glucose tolerance test, lipid levels, fasting C-peptide, glycosylated haemoglobin, and HOMA-model insulin resistance were also similar at baseline. In group 1 as compared to group 2 at the end of two months, fasting blood glucose (148.3 +/- 44.1 to 119.9 +/- 25 vs. 137.5 +/- 41.1 to 113.0 +/- 36.0) and two hour postglucose blood glucose (210.6 +/- 79.0 to 181.1 +/- 69 vs. 219.9 +/- 41.0 to 241.6 +/- 43) were not different. But area under curve (AUC) of blood glucose (2375 +/- 574 vs 27597 +/- 274) as well as insulin (2492 +/- 2536 vs. 5631 +/- 2428) was significantly lower (p < 0.001). HOMA model derived insulin resistance showed a decrease in percent beta-cell secretion in group 1 as compared to group 2 (86.3 +/- 32 vs. 70.1 +/- 52) and increase in percent insulin sensitivity (112.9 +/- 67 vs 92.2 +/- 57) (p < 0.05). Serum triglycerides decreased and HDL cholesterol increased significantly in group 1 as compared to group 2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Adjunct use of fenugreek seeds improves glycemic control and decreases insulin resistance in mild type-2 diabetic patients. There is also a favourable effect on hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gupta
- Jaipur Diabetes and Research Centre
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