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Clemmensen FK, Hoffmann K, Siersma V, Sobol N, Beyer N, Andersen BB, Vogel A, Lolk A, Gottrup H, Høgh P, Waldemar G, Hasselbalch SG, Frederiksen KS. The role of physical and cognitive function in performance of activities of daily living in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease - a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:513. [PMID: 33246408 PMCID: PMC7693499 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01926-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several factors may play a role in the ability of patients with Alzheimer's disease to perform activities of daily living (ADL). The aim of this study was to examine the impact of different aspects of physical performance and cognitive functions on ADL in patients suffering from mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. METHODS We conducted secondary analyses on cross-sectional baseline data from the randomized controlled multicentre study "Preserving quality of life, physical health and functional ability in Alzheimer's Disease: The effect of physical exercise" (ADEX). In total, 185 AD patients (76 women and 109 men), with a mean age on 70,4 years, were included. Data from physical performance tests (Astrand cycle test, Timed up & Go (TUG), Sit to Stand test (STS)) and cognitive tests (Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Stroop Color and Word test (Stroop)) were used. Their associations with ADL, measured on the ADCS-ADL scale was assessed in multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS SDMT and MMSE had significant, moderate correlations with total ADL (SDMT: r = 0.33, MMSE: r = 0.42) and instrumental ADL (SDMT: r = 0.31, MMSE: r = 0.42), but not with basic ADL. Adjusting for age and sex, the associations between SDMT and MMSE to total ADL and instrumental ADL persisted. No significant associations were found between Astrand, TUG, STS or Stroop and total ADL, basic ADL or instrumental ADL. CONCLUSION Total ADL and instrumental ADL are associated with cognitive functions, including executive function. No significant association between examined physical performance parameters and ADL functions was observed, and consequently does not support an impact of physical function on ADL functions in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease and relatively well-preserved physical function. Strategies aimed to improve cognition may be better suited to improve ADL function in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01681602 . Registered 10 September 2012, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederikke K Clemmensen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9 - section 8025, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Hoffmann
- Regional Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Volkert Siersma
- Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of public health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Sobol
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy and Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Beyer
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy and Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte B Andersen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9 - section 8025, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asmus Vogel
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9 - section 8025, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Lolk
- Dementia Clinic, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hanne Gottrup
- Dementia Clinic, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Høgh
- Regional Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9 - section 8025, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen G Hasselbalch
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9 - section 8025, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian S Frederiksen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9 - section 8025, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Musaeus CS, Engedal K, Høgh P, Jelic V, Khanna AR, Kjaer TW, Mørup M, Naik M, Oeksengaard AR, Santarnecchi E, Snaedal J, Wahlund LO, Waldemar G, Andersen BB. Changes in the left temporal microstate are a sign of cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01630. [PMID: 32338460 PMCID: PMC7303403 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Large-scale brain networks are disrupted in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Electroencephalography microstate analysis, a promising method for studying brain networks, parses EEG signals into topographies representing discrete, sequential network activations. Prior studies indicate that patients with AD show a pattern of global microstate disorganization. We investigated whether any specific microstate changes could be found in patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to healthy controls (HC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Standard EEGs were obtained from 135 HC, 117 patients with MCI, and 117 patients with AD from six Nordic memory clinics. We parsed the data into four archetypal microstates. RESULTS There was significantly increased duration, occurrence, and coverage of microstate A in patients with AD and MCI compared to HC. When looking at microstates in specific frequency bands, we found that microstate A was affected in delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), and beta (13-30 Hz), while microstate D was affected only in the delta and theta bands. Microstate features were able to separate HC from AD with an accuracy of 69.8% and HC from MCI with an accuracy of 58.7%. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are needed to evaluate whether microstates represent a valuable disease classifier. Overall, patients with AD and MCI, as compared to HC, show specific microstate alterations, which are limited to specific frequency bands. These alterations suggest disruption of large-scale cortical networks in AD and MCI, which may be limited to specific frequency bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Musaeus
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre (DDRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Knut Engedal
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health (Ageing and Health), Vestfold Hospital Trust and Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Høgh
- Regional Dementia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vesna Jelic
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Memory Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Arjun R Khanna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Troels Wesenberg Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Neurophysiology Center, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Morten Mørup
- Section for Cognitive Systems, DTU Compute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mala Naik
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne-Rita Oeksengaard
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jon Snaedal
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lars-Olof Wahlund
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre (DDRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte B Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre (DDRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Frederiksen KS, Madsen K, Andersen BB, Beyer N, Garde E, Høgh P, Waldemar G, Hasselbalch SG, Law I. Moderate- to high-intensity exercise does not modify cortical β-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2019; 5:208-215. [PMID: 31198839 PMCID: PMC6556817 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Animal models of Alzheimer's disease show that exercise may modify β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition. We examined the effect of a 16-week exercise intervention on cortical Aβ in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. Methods Thirty-six patients with Alzheimer's disease were randomized to either one hour of aerobic exercise three times weekly for 16 weeks or usual care. Pre and post intervention, 11Carbon-Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography was carried out to assess cortical Aβ, and quantified using standardized uptake value rations (SUVRs). Results The intervention showed no effect on follow-up SUVRs in a covariance analysis with group allocation, baseline intervention SUVR, age, sex, and baseline Mini–Mental State Examination as predictors. Change in SUVRs did not correlate with changes in measures of physical or aerobic fitness. Discussion The present findings do not support an effect of exercise on Aβ. However, the relatively short intervention period may account for a lack of efficacy. Further studies should test earlier and longer interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian S Frederiksen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karine Madsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte B Andersen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Beyer
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit and Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ellen Garde
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Høgh
- Zealand University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen G Hasselbalch
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian Law
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bruun M, Frederiksen KS, Rhodius-Meester HFM, Baroni M, Gjerum L, Koikkalainen J, Urhemaa T, Tolonen A, van Gils M, Rueckert D, Dyremose N, Andersen BB, Lemstra AW, Hallikainen M, Kurl S, Herukka SK, Remes AM, Waldemar G, Soininen H, Mecocci P, van der Flier WM, Lötjönen J, Hasselbalch SG. Impact of a clinical decision support tool on prediction of progression in early-stage dementia: a prospective validation study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2019; 11:25. [PMID: 30894218 PMCID: PMC6425602 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background In clinical practice, it is often difficult to predict which patients with cognitive complaints or impairment will progress or remain stable. We assessed the impact of using a clinical decision support system, the PredictND tool, to predict progression in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in memory clinics. Methods In this prospective multicenter study, we included 429 patients with SCD (n = 230) and MCI (n = 199) (female 54%, age 67 ± 9, MMSE 28 ± 2) and followed them for at least 12 months. Based on all available patient baseline data (demographics, cognitive tests, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and MRI), the PredictND tool provides a comprehensive overview of the data and a classification defining the likelihood of progression. At baseline, a clinician defined an expected follow-up diagnosis and estimated the level of confidence in their prediction using a visual analogue scale (VAS, 0–100%), first without and subsequently with the PredictND tool. As outcome measure, we defined clinical progression as progression from SCD to MCI or dementia, and from MCI to dementia. Correspondence between the expected and the actual clinical progression at follow-up defined the prognostic accuracy. Results After a mean follow-up time of 1.7 ± 0.4 years, 21 (9%) SCD and 63 (32%) MCI had progressed. When using the PredictND tool, the overall prognostic accuracy was unaffected (0.4%, 95%CI − 3.0%; + 3.9%; p = 0.79). However, restricting the analysis to patients with more certain classifications (n = 203), we found an increase of 3% in the accuracy (95%CI − 0.6%; + 6.5%; p = 0.11). Furthermore, for this subgroup, the tool alone showed a statistically significant increase in the prognostic accuracy compared to the evaluation without tool (6.4%, 95%CI 2.1%; 10.7%; p = 0.004). Specifically, the negative predictive value was high. Moreover, confidence in the prediction increased significantly (∆VAS = 4%, p < .0001). Conclusions Adding the PredictND tool to the clinical evaluation increased clinicians’ confidence. Furthermore, the results indicate that the tool has the potential to improve prediction of progression for patients with more certain classifications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-019-0482-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bruun
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Neuroscience Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kristian S Frederiksen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Neuroscience Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanneke F M Rhodius-Meester
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Baroni
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Le Gjerum
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Neuroscience Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Timo Urhemaa
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Tolonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mark van Gils
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Daniel Rueckert
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nadia Dyremose
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Neuroscience Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte B Andersen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Neuroscience Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Afina W Lemstra
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merja Hallikainen
- Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sudhir Kurl
- Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne M Remes
- Neurology, Neuro Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurology, Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Neuroscience Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Steen G Hasselbalch
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Neuroscience Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Hoffmann K, Sobol NA, Frederiksen KS, Beyer N, Vogel A, Vestergaard K, Brændgaard H, Gottrup H, Lolk A, Wermuth L, Jacobsen S, Laugesen LP, Gergelyffy RG, Høgh P, Bjerregaard E, Andersen BB, Siersma V, Johannsen P, Cotman CW, Waldemar G, Hasselbalch SG. Moderate-to-High Intensity Physical Exercise in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 50:443-53. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Hoffmann
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna A. Sobol
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian S. Frederiksen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Beyer
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asmus Vogel
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Hanne Gottrup
- Dementia Clinic, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Annette Lolk
- Dementia Clinic, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Lene Wermuth
- Dementia Clinic, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Søren Jacobsen
- Department of Geriatrics, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg Hospital, Denmark
| | | | | | - Peter Høgh
- Regional Dementia Research Center, Region Zealand, Roskilde Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Bjerregaard
- Memory Clinic, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte B. Andersen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Volkert Siersma
- Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Johannsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl W. Cotman
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California-Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen G. Hasselbalch
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Salem LC, Andersen BB, Nielsen TR, Stokholm J, Jørgensen MB, Rasmussen MH, Waldemar G. Overdiagnosis of dementia in young patients - a nationwide register-based study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2013. [PMID: 23208125 DOI: 10.1159/000345485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the quality of the diagnostic evaluation and the validity of dementia diagnoses in young patients established in routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of the diagnosis of dementia registered in the Danish nationwide hospital registers in young patients. METHODS Two hundred patients were randomly selected from 891 patients <65 years registered with a dementia diagnosis for the first time in 2008. The patients' medical records were reviewed to evaluate if they fulfilled ICD-10 and/or DSM-IV criteria for dementia and current clinical criteria for specific dementia subtypes. RESULTS A registered diagnosis was found to be correct in only 59%. A misdiagnosis of dementia occurred primarily in patients with depression or alcohol abuse. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that dementia is overregistered and overdiagnosed in young patients. This may be due to a different symptom profile of dementia in young patients, lack of knowledge among clinical physicians and the wide range of conditions which may be misinterpreted as dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Salem
- Memory Disorders Research Group, Danish Dementia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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7
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Ziebell M, Andersen BB, Pinborg LH, Knudsen GM, Stokholm J, Thomsen G, Karlsborg M, Høgh P, Mørk ML, Hasselbalch SG. Striatal dopamine transporter binding does not correlate with clinical severity in dementia with Lewy bodies. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1072-6. [PMID: 23637201 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.114025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Patients who have dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) show both clinical and histopathologic overlap with Alzheimer disease patients and Parkinson disease patients. In this study, we correlated the core features of DLB (dementia, parkinsonism, hallucinations, and fluctuations) with striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability as assessed with SPECT and (123)I-N-(3-iodoprop-2E-enyl)-2-β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-methylphenyl) nortropane ((123)I-PE2I) in patients with newly diagnosed DLB. METHODS Two hundred eighty-eight patients were consecutively included in the study as they were referred for diagnostic SPECT scanning of DAT with (123)I-PE2I. Of those patients, 51 had, on the basis of clinical guideline criteria, a probable-DLB diagnosis at follow-up 16 ± 11.6 mo later. Before or on the day of the SPECT scan, DLB patients had a routine neurologic examination including Hoehn and Yahr grading and were cognitively evaluated with the Mini Mental State Examination. RESULTS There was no correlation between Mini Mental State Examination, Hoehn and Yahr score, fluctuations or hallucinations, and striatal DAT availability as measured with (123)I-PE2I and SPECT. CONCLUSION In patients with newly diagnosed DLB, symptoms are not associated with a reduction in striatal DAT despite its firm involvement in DLB pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Ziebell
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Cimbi, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Lindquist SG, Duno M, Batbayli M, Puschmann A, Braendgaard H, Mardosiene S, Svenstrup K, Pinborg LH, Vestergaard K, Hjermind LE, Stokholm J, Andersen BB, Johannsen P, Nielsen JE. Corticobasal and ataxia syndromes widen the spectrum ofC9ORF72hexanucleotide expansion disease. Clin Genet 2013; 83:279-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2012.01903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SG Lindquist
- Department of Clinical Genetics; 4062, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M Duno
- Department of Clinical Genetics; 4062, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M Batbayli
- Department of Clinical Genetics; 4062, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A Puschmann
- Department of Neurology; Skåne University Hospital; Lund Sweden
| | - H Braendgaard
- Department of Neurology; Aarhus Sygehus, Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - S Mardosiene
- Department of Neurology; Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - K Svenstrup
- Department of Neurology; Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
- Neurogenetics Clinic, Memory Disorders Research Group, Department of Neurology; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Section of Neurogenetics, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - LH Pinborg
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Department of Neurology; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - K Vestergaard
- Department of Neurology; Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - LE Hjermind
- Neurogenetics Clinic, Memory Disorders Research Group, Department of Neurology; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Section of Neurogenetics, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J Stokholm
- Memory Disorders Research Group, Department of Neurology; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - BB Andersen
- Memory Disorders Research Group, Department of Neurology; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - P Johannsen
- Memory Disorders Research Group, Department of Neurology; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - JE Nielsen
- Neurogenetics Clinic, Memory Disorders Research Group, Department of Neurology; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Section of Neurogenetics, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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9
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Schultz K, Nilsson K, Nielsen JE, Lindquist SG, Hjermind LE, Andersen BB, Wallin A, Nilsson C, Petersén A. Transthyretin as a potential CSF biomarker for Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: effects of treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors. Eur J Neurol 2009; 17:456-60. [PMID: 19922456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated that transthyretin (TTR) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are altered in depression and dementia. The present study aimed to investigate whether CSF TTR can be used to discriminate between patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) with or without medication, as well as to reveal whether CSF TTR correlates with depression in dementia. METHODS CSF samples from 59 patients with AD, 13 patients with DLB and 13 healthy controls were collected, and biochemical analysis was performed. Subjects were assessed for the presence of depression. RESULTS No significant differences in CSF TTR were found between AD, DLB, and control subjects or between depressed and non-depressed dementia patients. Interestingly, we found a significant reduction in CSF TTR (14%) in AD patients who were medicated with cholinesterase inhibitors compared to those AD patients who were not. CONCLUSIONS Significant reductions in CSF TTR were found after cholinesterase inhibitor treatment in patients with AD compared to untreated individuals. CSF TTR was unaltered in patients with DLB and had no relationship to depression in the present cohort with dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schultz
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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10
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Schultz K, Wiehager S, Nilsson K, Nielsen JE, Lindquist SG, Hjermind LE, Andersen BB, Wallin A, Nilsson C, Petersén Å. Reduced CSF CART in dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurosci Lett 2009; 453:104-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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11
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Lindquist SG, Hasholt L, Bahl JMC, Heegaard NHH, Andersen BB, Nørremølle A, Stokholm J, Schwartz M, Batbayli M, Laursen H, Pardossi-Piquard R, Chen F, St George-Hyslop P, Waldemar G, Nielsen JE. A novel presenilin 2 mutation (V393M) in early-onset dementia with profound language impairment. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15:1135-9. [PMID: 18727676 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the Presenilin 2 gene (PSEN2) are rare causes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pathogenic mutations in the genes associated with autosomal dominant inherited AD have been shown to alter processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) resulting in a relative increase of the amount of Abeta42 peptide. METHODS AND RESULTS We present a patient with neuropathologically confirmed early-onset AD characterized by profound language impairment. The patient was heterozygous for a novel missense mutation in exon 11 of the PSEN2 gene leading to a predicted amino acid substitution from valine to methionine in position 393, a conserved residue. However, in vitro expression of PSEN2 V393M cDNA did not result in detectable increase of the secreted Abeta42/40 peptide ratio. The mutation was not found in 384 control individuals tested. CONCLUSIONS The possible pathogenic nature of the mutation is not clarified. We discuss the limitations of functional PSEN2 studies and the challenges associated with genetic counselling of family members at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Lindquist
- Memory Disorders Research Group, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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12
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Vogel A, Mortensen EL, Hasselbalch SG, Andersen BB, Waldemar G. Patient versus informant reported quality of life in the earliest phases of Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2006; 21:1132-8. [PMID: 16955419 DOI: 10.1002/gps.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study investigated if patient and informant reported Quality of Life (QoL) differed in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, we examined whether anosognosia had an impact on the agreement between patient and informant ratings of QoL and whether anosognosia, dementia severity, depression and behavioural symptoms were significantly correlated to QoL in early AD. METHODS From a prospective research program including newly referred patients (age >60 years and MMSE > or = 20), 48 patients with very early AD were included. QoL was assessed using the QoL-AD and EQ-5D scales. Anosognosia was rated on a categorical scale by an examiner. MMSE, Geriatric Depression Scale, Danish Adult Reading Test and Frontal Behavioural Inventory were also administered. RESULTS On most QoL measures patients rated their QoL higher than their informants. Anosognosia was not associated with QoL but significantly with an inverse impact on the agreement between patient and informant ratings of QoL. Self-reported QoL was significantly correlated to depression but not to age, dementia severity, behavioural symptoms or memory impairment. Informant ratings of QoL were significantly correlated to behavioural symptoms and informant ratings on the EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale were significantly correlated to patient reported depression. CONCLUSION Patients with early AD generally reported higher QoL than their informants. This disagreement was associated with the presence of anosognosia. Self-reported QoL did not correlate with the MMSE score. Behavioural changes and depressive symptoms may be associated with low QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmus Vogel
- Memory Disorders Research Group, Neuroscience Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
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13
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Phung KT, Andersen BB, Kessing LV, Mortensen PB, Waldemar G. P3–118: Validity of ICD 10 diagnoses in clinical practice: A registry–based study. Alzheimers Dement 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2006.05.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieu T.T. Phung
- Memory Disorders Research Group, Neurological DepartmentCopenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Birgitte B. Andersen
- Memory Disorders Research Group, Neurological DepartmentCopenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Lars V. Kessing
- Department of PsychiatryCopenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Memory Disorders Research Group, Neurological DepartmentCopenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
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14
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Hejl AM, Phung K, Andersen BB, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Waldemar G. P3–095: High frequencies of thyroid disease in mixed memory clinic patients. Alzheimers Dement 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2006.05.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Mette Hejl
- Memory Disorders Research GroupCopenhagen University HospitalDenmark
| | - Kieu Phung
- Memory Disorders Research GroupCopenhagen University HospitalDenmark
| | | | | | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Memory Disorders Research GroupCopenhagen University HospitalDenmark
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15
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Ellefsen BS, Holm-Pedersen P, Morse DE, Schroll M, Andersen BB, Waldemar G. P4–235: Caries prevalence in older persons with and without dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2006.05.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marianne Schroll
- Department of Geriatric MedicineBispebjerg University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Birgitte B. Andersen
- Memory Disorder Research GroupNeurological DepartmentCopenhagen University HospitalRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Memory Disorder Research GroupNeurological DepartmentCopenhagen University HospitalRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
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16
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Stark AK, Pelvig DP, Jørgensen AMB, Andersen BB, Pakkenberg B. Measuring morphological and cellular changes in Alzheimer's dementia: a review emphasizing stereology. Curr Alzheimer Res 2005; 2:449-81. [PMID: 16248850 DOI: 10.2174/156720505774330528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
From a clinical as well as a neuropathological point of view Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been the focus of intense research for more than three decades. Most studies to identify morphometric correlates with the declining cognitive function in normal aging and AD have employed semi-quantitative methods to assess neuropathological markers such as neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques, neuronal, or glial cell densities, and neuron sizes. To this end, many cell counting methods have employed two-dimensional designs in single sections, yielding estimates of cell numbers either as neuron densities (number of cell profiles per area) or estimates of the size distribution of neuron profiles in columns vertical to the cortical surface. This approach gives rise to difficulties in interpretation because of the three-dimensional size, shape, and orientation of the counted cells, and the effect of shrinkage artifacts. Modern stereological techniques offer a more rigorous approach for quantifying neuropathological changes associated with aging and degenerative disease. However the stereological studies also suffer from the limitations of high biological variability in AD-type neuropathology, and the relative scarcity of autopsied brains from well-studied non-demented comparison subjects. As a result, the clinicopathological associations between neuropathology and indices of cognitive performance in aging and AD are not yet firmly established. The requirement for the proper description of morphologic neuropathology of AD is clear: any macroscopic or microscopic abnormalities, are subtle and must consequently be demonstrated reproducibly in well-controlled studies. In this review we try to evaluate which, if any, of the contemporary claims for morphometric brain abnormalities in AD can be said to be well established, with special emphasis placed on human stereological post-mortal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette K Stark
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg University Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark.
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17
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Andersen BB, Fabricius K, Gundersen HJG, Jelsing J, Stark AK. No change in neuron numbers in the dentate nucleus of patients with schizophrenia estimated with a new stereological method--the smooth fractionator. J Anat 2004; 205:313-21. [PMID: 15447690 PMCID: PMC1571346 DOI: 10.1111/j.0021-8782.2004.00337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentate nucleus is phylogenetically the most recent nucleus in the cerebellum. Owing to its connections to the thalamus and the prefrontal cortex it may be involved in the symptomathology in schizophrenia and other psychiatric illnesses. In this stereological study we implemented the smooth fractionator, which combines the unbiased principles of the optical fractionator with a new and more efficient sampling strategy to the dentate nucleus. The smooth fractionator represents the most efficient sampling strategy described so far in stereology, in terms of reducing the sampling variance and thus increasing the efficiency. It is the first application of the smooth fractionator to human brain tissue and presents estimations of total number of neurons in the dentate nuclei of eight patients with schizophrenia compared to eight control persons. The total number of neurons in the dentate nucleus was estimated to 3.36 x 10(6) in subjects with schizophrenia, which was not statistically significant different from 3.65 x 10(6) in control subjects (P = 0.63). The advantages and disadvantages of the smooth fractionator method are discussed and its precision in practical application is estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Andersen
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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18
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Andersen BB, Gundersen HJ. Pronounced loss of cell nuclei and anisotropic deformation of thick sections. J Microsc 1999; 196:69-73. [PMID: 10540259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The local deformation and variations in section thickness are studied in 100-microm thick vibratome sections of well-fixed human brain tissue. During processing, including drying on glass slides, the section thickness is reduced to less than half, but close to the edges there is less shrinkage of the section thickness. Close to both surfaces there is a pronounced reduction in the number of neuronal nucleoli. At the scale of the original section, the upper 15 microm and the lower 10 microm are depleted. The loss is most pronounced at the upper surface, which is unprotected during processing. In the central 70% of the section height, where one would ordinarily use an optical disector for sampling, there is no indication of non-uniform shrinkage. The simplest explanation for the observed loss of nucleoli is that all cells opened by the knife may lose their nuclei across an unprotected section surface. The observations do not generalize to other tissues and other preparation techniques, but illustrate the magnitude of some of the problems for uniform sampling and unbiased estimation in very thick sections. The uniform optical disector sampling of nucleoli in thick sections, as opposed to that of cell nuclei, raises a special problem, which is discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Andersen
- Neurological Research Laboratory, Bartholin Institute, Kommune Hospitalet, Copenhagen and Stereological Research Laboratory, University of Aarhus, Denmark
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19
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Abstract
A woman with previous bilateral salpingectomia, including wedge-formed corneal resection, became heterotopic pregnant after in-vitro-fertilization. Ultrasound revealed a twin corneal pregnancy and an intrauterine pregnancy. Undergoing laparotomy, the uterine corner with the ectopic pregnancy was resected. The intrauterine pregnancy proceeded uncomplicated. She delivered a healthy girl, at 38 weeks of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Andersen
- Herlev Hospital/University of Copenhagen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Denmark
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20
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Abstract
The Purkinje cells are among the largest cells in the central nervous system and are the output cells of the cerebellar cortex. They are, therefore, of special interest in cerebellar diseases. The estimation of total number and mean perikaryon and nuclear volume of Purkinje cells in five normal human and nine rat cerebella were obtained using unbiased methods based on stereological principles. The average total number of Purkinje cells was 30.5 x 10(6) (Coefficient of variation, CD = S.D./mean = 0.13) in humans and 0.61 x 10(6) (0.21) in rats. Thus the total number of Purkinje cells was 50 times higher in the human cerebellum compared with rats, while numerical density (number/mm3) was 13 times lower in humans (0.81 x 10(3)) compared with rats (10.1 x 10(3)). An unbiased stereological principle, the nucleator, was applied to estimate the volume of Purkinje cell perikarya and nuclei. In humans the average geometric mean volume of Purkinje cell perikaryon is 12,400 microm3 (interindividual coefficient of variation = 0.08), which is about three times larger than in rats, 4900 microm3 (CVi = 0.09). The intraindividual distributional variation (CVd) in perikaryon volume is much larger in humans compared to rats (CVd = 0.72 vs 0.32). One of the differences between the two species is the simple proportionality between perikaryon and nucleus size i humans, whereas larger Purkinje cells have relatively larger nuclei in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Korbo
- Neurological Research Laboratory, Bartholin Institute, Kommunehospitalet, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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21
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Abstract
The number of pigmented and non-pigmented neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) of 10 old and six young female Macaca mulatta monkeys and in three old alpha male monkeys were estimated using new stereological cell counting methods. No systematic right-left differences were noted, nor were old animals different from young ones with respect to SN volume (68.9 mm3 vs. 62.8 mm3) or absolute number of nerve cells (320,000 vs. 312,000). However, the total number of pigmented neurons was about eight times higher in old animals compared with young ones (166,000 vs. 21,400) while the total number of non-pigmented SN neurons was less than half in old animals compared with young ones (139,000 vs. 285,000). These differences create difficulties in generalizing experimental results from the rhesus animal model to man. It seems unlikely that a simple correlation can be made between pigmented and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons in SN in monkeys. Instead of estimating the total number of pigmented and non-pigmented cells, only SN neurons positive for TH using immunohistochemical techniques might be used an indicator of the total number of dopaminergic neurons in SN in monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pakkenberg
- Neurological Research Laboratory, Bartholin Institute, Københavns Kommunehospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Borch K, Jensen FB, Andersen BB. Cardiac activity, ventilation rate and acid-base regulation in rainbow trout exposed to hypoxia and combined hypoxia and hypercapnia. Fish Physiol Biochem 1993; 12:101-110. [PMID: 24202689 DOI: 10.1007/bf00004375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A computerised system for non-invasive monitoring of heart and ventilation rates and the time intervals between heart beats and between breaths was developed and used to investigate cardio-respiratory changes in rainbow trout exposed to hypoxia and to combined hypoxia and hypercapnia. Upon exposure to hypoxia and hypoxia-hypercapnia the arterial O2 tension decreased from about 90 mmHg to about 30 mmHg. Acid-base changes were small in hypoxia whereas exposure to combined hypoxia-hypercapnia caused a large extracellular respiratory acidosis. This acidosis was completely compensated within 24h by accumulation of bicarbonate in plasma to concentrations twice the normoxic values. The ventilation rate was increased to higher values in hypoxic-hypercapnic trout than in hypoxic trout. In contrast to previous reports, the heart rate increased in hypoxia. On top of the tachycardia response to hypoxia, the heart rate was governed by circadian rhythms, with higher heart rates during the day than during the night. The time interval between heart beats varied considerably in normoxic fish. Hypoxia strongly reduced this variability, which may originate in a reduced cholinergic tone to the heart. The width of the frequency distribution of the time intervals between breaths was not affected by hypoxia. The degree of cardio-respiratory synchronization was low in both normoxic and in hypoxic and hypoxic-hypercapnic trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Borch
- Institute of Biology, Odense University, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
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23
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Korbo L, Andersen BB, Ladefoged O, Møller A. Total numbers of various cell types in rat cerebellar cortex estimated using an unbiased stereological method. Brain Res 1993; 609:262-8. [PMID: 8508308 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(93)90881-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A new and efficient stereological method for estimating the total number of the different cell types in rat cerebellar cortex is presented. The cells have been subdivided into the following categories: Purkinje cells, granule cells, Golgi cells, glial cells in the granular layer, Bergmann glial cells and neurons and glial cells in the molecular layer. The method has been used to estimate the total number of some of the cell types in rats exposed to orally administered toluene at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks compared with a control group. No statistically significant differences were found between the exposed and non-exposed animals. The described method can be used in a number of both biological and experimental studies. With the use of new stereological methods it is possible to get precise estimates of total cell numbers in a much shorter time than earlier required. This makes it possible to improve the reliability of the final result by increasing the number of cases processed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Korbo
- Neurological Research Laboratory, Bartholin Instituttet, Kommunehospitalet Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Abstract
Estimates of total number of different neuron and glial cell types in the dentate nuclei and the four major regions of the human cerebellum were obtained by new stereological methods. With the optical disector and Cavalieri methods, the total number of neurons and glial cells in the human cerebellum of five elderly men was estimated to be 105,000 x 10(6) (coefficient of variation, CV = 0.13). Of this total, the granule cells comprised 101,000 x 10(6) (CV = 0.13) and the Purkinje cells comprised 30.5 x 10(6) (CV = 0.13) of the neurons. The mean of the total number of neurons in the dentate nucleus was 5.01 x 10(6) (CV = 0.28). The average surface area of the human cerebellum was estimated to be 1160 cm2 (CV = 0.29). The rationale for the different sampling schemes used to quantify the various cell types is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Andersen
- Bartholin Instituttet, Kommunehospitalet, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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25
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Trojaborg WT, Moon A, Andersen BB, Trojaborg NS. Sural nerve conduction parameters in normal subjects related to age, gender, temperature, and height: a reappraisal. Muscle Nerve 1992; 15:666-71. [PMID: 1308101 DOI: 10.1002/mus.880150606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Failure to take body height into considerations in the evaluation of nerve conduction velocities (CV) has recently been deemed unacceptable. This statement prompted the present study. Besides height, the influence of age, gender, and temperature was studied in 92 normal subjects, half of whom were females. The CV decreased 0.9 m/s per 10 years increase in age, the same in women and men aged 15 to 44 years. Mean temperature between distal and proximal ends of the nerve segment examined increased 6.1 +/- 0.3 degree C after heating followed by a CV increase of 7.0 +/- 0.5 m/s. The CV decreased 0.15 m/s per 100-mm increase in heights. When considering 37 individuals aged 25 to 34 years only, the CV increased 0.34 m/s per 1-m increase in height. In both instances, the changes were within the experimental error (2.3%) of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Trojaborg
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, National Hospital, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Sørensen P, Andersen BB, Astrup J. [Warning bleedings prior to subarachnoid hemorrhage from intracranial, sacculate aneurysms. A consecutive, prospective study]. Ugeskr Laeger 1992; 154:1027-32. [PMID: 1566512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of warning leaks prior to subarachnoid hemorrhage was found to be 36.4% in 99 consecutive patients admitted consecutively to a neurosurgical department suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial, sacculate, arterial aneurysms. The durations of delays before admission to a neurosurgical department and the reasons for these, were analyzed. The patients who experienced a warning leak were in significantly poorer clinical condition than would have been the fact if they had been admitted at the time of the warning leak. It is important to bear the possibility of subarachnoid hemorrhage in mind, when a patient who has not previously complained of headache experiences violent sudden onset of headache. A program for investigation of suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sørensen
- Neurokirurgisk afdeling, Arhus Kommunehospital
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27
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Andersen BB, Møller A, Gram L, Jensen NO, Dam M. Phenytoin-loading: pharmacokinetic comparison between an intravenous bolus injection and a diluted standard solution. Acta Neurol Scand 1992; 85:174-6. [PMID: 1574998 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb04022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phenytoin (PHT) is considered a first or second choice in the treatment of status epilepticus that is refractory to benzodiazepines. The use of an intravenous bolus injection of PHT is hazardous due to the risk of cardiac conduction disturbances, dose-dependent side effects in general, as well as the possibility of severe necrotic lesions in case of extravasation. We compared the number and intensity of side effects and serum level profiles of a highly concentrated, non-dilutable bolus (46 mg/ml) of PHT [Fenytoin, DAK] with a dilutable standard solution (1.5 mg/ml) [Phenhydan] administered intravenously in 500 ml saline. Six healthy volunteers received both regiments (9.1 mg/kg). The diluted solution showed a curvilinear saturation curve with a lower concentration maximum (C-max) than the concentrated solution. Lower toxicity of the diluted solution was indicated by a clinical rating of side effects. Based on a higher incidence and degree of side effects following administration of the more concentrated formulation of PHT, compared with the more diluted preparation, we recommend the use of the less concentrated formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Andersen
- University Clinic of Neurology, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark
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28
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Jensen J, Mao IL, Andersen BB, Madsen P. Phenotypic and genetic relationships between residual energy intake and growth, feed intake, and carcass traits of young bulls. J Anim Sci 1992; 70:386-95. [PMID: 1548200 DOI: 10.2527/1992.702386x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual energy intake, defined as actual minus predicted energy intake during a production period, was estimated for each of 650 bull calves of 31 Holstein Friesian or Brown Swiss sires. Residual energy intake, measured under ad libitum feeding, had heritabilities similar to those of growth rate and energy conversion ratio with an estimate of approximately .3. Residual energy intake was related to average daily energy intake both phenotypically and genetically such that selection for decreased residual energy intake would lead to a decrease in daily feed intake. Such selection would also tend to increase carcass fatness (i.e., genetically fat animals are the most efficient). Residual energy intake estimated with and without correction for carcass composition were closely correlated. Thus, residual energy intake may be estimated without the knowledge of carcass composition in growing bulls of dual-purpose breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jensen
- National Institute of Animal Science, Research Center Foulum, Tjele, Denmark
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29
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Andersen BB, Mikkelsen M, Vesterager A, Dam M, Kristensen HB, Pedersen B, Lund J, Mengel H. No influence of the antidepressant paroxetine on carbamazepine, valproate and phenytoin. Epilepsy Res 1991; 10:201-4. [PMID: 1840138 DOI: 10.1016/0920-1211(91)90013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A single-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial investigating possible interactions between paroxetine, a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, and carbamazepine (CBZ), valproate (VPA) and phenytoin (PHT) was carried out in 20 outpatients with epilepsy. Patients on long-term treatment with CBZ, VPA, or PHT were given a 7-day placebo treatment, followed by paroxetine co-treatment for 16 days. Side effects were infrequent and mild. Paroxetine caused no changes in the plasma concentrations and all values were within the recommended ranges. No changes in protein binding were found. Plasma concentrations of paroxetine at steady state (8-147 ng/ml) were in the normal range for a 30-mg daily dosing regimen. None of the patients experienced epileptic seizures during the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Andersen
- University Clinic of Neurology, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark
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30
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Jensen J, Mao IL, Andersen BB, Madsen P. Genetic parameters of growth, feed intake, feed conversion and carcass composition of dual-purpose bulls in performance testing. J Anim Sci 1991; 69:931-9. [PMID: 2061263 DOI: 10.2527/1991.693931x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic parameters for growth, total energy intake, feed conversion ratio, average daily energy intake and carcass composition were estimated in an experiment with 650 bull calves from 31 half-sib groups of Holstein Friesian or Brown Swiss sires. All traits analyzed had an amount of additive genetic variance that allows for considerable response to selection. No interaction between genotype (sire group) and proportion of roughage in the diet was found. Daily gain was strongly correlated negatively with feed conversion ratio but positively correlated with daily energy intake. Results indicate that genetic selection for either daily gain or average daily energy intake would decrease carcass fatness at a constant slaughter weight. However, the environmental correlation between daily energy intake and carcass fatness was positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jensen
- Dept. of Anim. Sci., Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
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Hauerberg J, Andersen BB, Eskesen V, Rosenørn J, Schmidt K. Importance of the recognition of a warning leak as a sign of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Acta Neurol Scand 1991; 83:61-4. [PMID: 2011946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1991.tb03960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the Danish Aneurysm Study 1076 patients (pts.) were admitted with an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the 5-year period 1978-83. A warning leak (WL), defined as a sudden episode of headache, vomiting, nuchal pain, dizziness or drowsiness, was identified in 166 pts. (15.4%). In 99 of these the episode was evaluated by a physician but misdiagnosed. A 2-year follow-up examination of the 99 pts. showed that 30 pts. had a normal mental outcome and 43 pts. were dead. If these patients were correctly diagnosed after the WL, when they were in Hunt grade 1-2, the outcome-figures would probably have been significantly better. A theoretical transfer of the outcome-probabilities for pts. in Hunt grade 1-2 to the above mentioned 99 pts. would result in 66 pts. with a normal mental outcome and 25 dead pts. This shows the importance of recognition of a WL episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hauerberg
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen County Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
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Abstract
Intracranial oncotic aneurysms are very rare. Only twelve reported cases were from choriocarcinoma. We present a new case with two aneurysms disappearing after chemotherapy, the second in the literature but the first case with persistence of all arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hove
- Department of Neuroradiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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Matzen LE, Andersen BB, Jensen BG, Gjessing HJ, Sindrup SH, Kvetny J. Different short-term effect of protein and carbohydrate intake on TSH, growth hormone (GH), insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon in humans. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1990; 50:801-5. [PMID: 2293343 DOI: 10.1080/00365519009091076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effect of isocaloric (500 kcal) protein and carbohydrate ingestion was studied in a crossover study in nine healthy humans. Subjects were studied twice after overnight fasting, with an interval of 3 to 7 days. Blood was collected for 240 min after food ingestion. The initial reaction of growth hormone (GH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to protein and carbohydrate was identical, with a reduction in both GH and TSH, and nadir occurring after 45-60 min and 120 min, respectively. During the next 120 min TSH returned to starting level after carbohydrate intake but was still reduced after protein intake (p less than 0.04). After both diets GH increased after the initial decline, the increase was greatest after protein intake and maximum was reached at 180 min (p less than 0.02). It has been reported that the 5'-deiodination of T4 is stimulated by insulin and inhibited by glucagon. The physiological increase in insulin after carbohydrate ingestion (p less than 0.05), and the physiological increase in glucagon after protein ingestion (p less than 0.05) was not associated with any changes in TT4, FT4, TT3, FT3, or rT3 that could indicate changes in the 5'-deiodinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Matzen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
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Abstract
Five normal prostates from autopsies of humans aged 61-76 yr were divided into 2 x 24 topographically well-defined pairs of slices that were analyzed for cadmium (Cd) and examined histologically. The corresponding kidney cortex concentrations were also determined. The concentrations in ng Cd/g wet wt were in the range of 50-500 in the prostates and 8,000-39,000 in the kidneys with good mutual correlation. Large variations in Cd concentrations within the prostates were found. The concentrations were highest at the base (near the bladder) and lowest at the apex of the gland. Furthermore, large variations within horizontal layers were found, and this variation was not correlated to the histological amount of stroma or glands.
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Abstract
In conventional techniques concerning insertion of ventriculoatrial shunt systems, the route to the caval system is accomplished by a lateral rightsided neck dissection and isolation usually of the facial or the external jugular vein, in order to introduce the atrial catheter into the internal jugular vein and consequently the superior vena cava. A new approach for catheterization of the internal jugular vein is proposed. The technique is a combination of the well proven approach for percutaneous catheterization of the vein and a technique used in the implantation of permanent pacemaker leads. We find the method suitable for cases whenever a VA-shunt is preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kock-Jensen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Odense, Denmark
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Dalager T, Andersen BB, Mathiesen FK. [Spinal epidural hematoma as a complication of anticoagulant therapy]. Ugeskr Laeger 1987; 149:1071-2. [PMID: 3576834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Neurologic symptoms are common in Legionnaires' disease, but the pathogenesis of these symptoms is not known. Brain scintigraphy or CT shows no abnormality that can account for the symptoms. We present the first evidence of cerebral abscess in a patient with serologically proven acute infection with Legionella.
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Abstract
Influence of sire, dietary regimen and slaughter weight on wither height, body depth, heart girth, hip width and percentage of total muscle in each of nine commercial cuts of F1 Holstein X Friesian bulls (N = 260) was studied. Sires were full-blooded or percentage Holstein; dams were commercial and purebred Danish Friesians. The young bulls received 100, 75, 50 or 25% concentrates, with the remainder of the diet provided in the form of silage. Animals were serial-slaughtered at 340, 470 or 600 kg. Sire was a significant source of variation in many of the body measurements and muscle distributional variables that were evaluated. It was noted, however, that sire differences in percentage of total dissected muscle in Group III cuts (rib + loin + round + hindshank) of intact male progeny were of the order of 1% or less. Sire X diet and sire X slaughter weight interactions were statistically significant in some analyses. Muscular development in the neck region was more pronounced when bulls were fed a low-concentrate diet, rather than high levels of concentrates. Percentages of total muscle in the forequarter were highest (P less than .01) for the 470- and 600-kg bulls. Thus feeding bulls to heavier weights had an adverse effect (P less than .01) on percentage of total muscle in Group III cuts. Dietary influence on linear body measurements and muscle distribution in young, Holstein-cross bulls was negligible.
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