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Cogen JD, Perkins A, Mockler B, Barton KS, Schwartz A, Boos M, Radhakrishnan A, Rai P, Tandon P, Philipsborn R, Grow HM. Pediatric Resident and Program Director Views on Climate Change and Health Curricula: A Multi-Institution Study. Acad Med 2024:00001888-990000000-00733. [PMID: 38232072 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000005633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The American Academy of Pediatrics emphasized in a 2007 policy statement the importance of educating trainees on the impacts of climate change on children's health, yet few studies have evaluated trainee knowledge and attitudes about climate change-related health effects in children. This multi-institution study assessed pediatric resident and program director 1) knowledge/attitudes on climate change and health, 2) perspectives on the importance of incorporating climate and health content into pediatric graduate medical education, and 3) preferred topics/activities to include in climate and health curricula. METHOD This mixed-methods study employed an anonymous cross-sectional survey of pediatric residents and residency program directors from Association of Pediatric Program Directors (APPD) Longitudinal Educational Assessment Research Network (LEARN)-affiliated programs. Multivariable regression models and factor analyses were used to examine associations among resident demographics and resident knowledge, attitudes, and interest in a climate change curriculum. A conventional content analysis was conducted for the open-ended responses. RESULTS Eighteen programs participated in the study with all program directors (100% response rate) and 663 residents (average response rate per program 53%, overall response rate 42%) completing respective surveys. Of program directors, only 3 (17%) felt very or moderately knowledgeable about the association between climate change and health impacts. The majority of residents (n = 423, 64%) agreed/strongly agreed that physicians should discuss global warming/climate change and its health effects with patients/families, while only 138 residents (21%) agreed/strongly agreed that they were comfortable talking with patients and families about these issues. Most residents (n = 498, 76%) and program directors (n = 15, 83%) agreed/strongly agreed that a climate change curriculum should be incorporated into their pediatrics training program. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric residents and program directors support curricula that prepares future pediatricians to address the impact of climate change on children's health; however, few programs currently offer specific training, despite identified needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Cogen
- J.D. Cogen is associate professor, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alexandra Perkins
- A. Perkins is pediatric hospitalist and former pediatric resident, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Blair Mockler
- B. Mockler is pediatric pulmonary fellow, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Krysta S Barton
- K.S. Barton is biostatistician, Core for Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Analytics for Research (BEAR) Core, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alan Schwartz
- A. Schwartz is professor, Departments of Medical Education and Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Association of Pediatric Program Directors
| | - Markus Boos
- M. Boos is associate professor, Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anjana Radhakrishnan
- A. Radhakrishnan is program manager, Longitudinal Educational Assessment Research Network, Association of Pediatric Program Directors
| | - Pragya Rai
- P. Rai is pediatric pulmonologist, Sacred Heart Children's Hospital, Spokane, Washington
| | - Pooja Tandon
- P. Tandon is associate professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rebecca Philipsborn
- R. Philipsborn is assistant professor, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - H Mollie Grow
- H.M. Grow is professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Herold AH, Roetzheim RG, Young DL, Anderson MJ, Blair RC, Mockler B. Effect of undocumented and excluded vaccinations on measles immunity in a university population. J Fla Med Assoc 1993; 80:173-7. [PMID: 8487024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Epidemic measles has occurred even in highly vaccinated university and college populations because vaccine efficacy is only 90-95% and some student bodies do not have 100% vaccine coverage. Some institutions have not adopted or enforced a one-dose, preregistration immunization requirement because of the increased administrative burden, although in 1990 a documented two-dose schedule was recommended to increase herd immunity to a critical 93.5-96.0%. Perhaps one documented immunization for all students coupled with an undocumented or excluded pre-1968 one that some students are reporting will result in adequate herd immunity. At the University of South Florida 149 students (group I), after documenting receipt of one immunization, attempted to prove immunity by having an antibody test. They were compared with 181 students who documented two doses (group II) for factors which might influence differences of immunity between the groups after one dose. Undocumented immunizations were estimated by determining the percent of students reporting recent immunizations after allowing for the expected unimmunized percent. Excluded vaccinations were calculated for students born before 1967. Group I had a 98% (95% C.I. 94.2-99.6) immunity. One-third to one-half of both groups had undocumented and excluded immunizations. Some differences identified were not important enough to prevent extrapolation of this high immunity from group I to group II students. One documented live measles vaccination for all students combined with an undocumented or excluded one for some of them may provide adequate herd immunity to prevent measles epidemics on university and college campuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Herold
- Department of Family Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa
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