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Nyazema KB, Shey BA, Sei CJ, Peters RP, Maningi NE, Fischer GW, Bernard Fourie P. In vitro evaluation of the binding activity of novel mouse IgG1 opsonic monoclonal antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other selected mycobacterial species. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2024; 35:100435. [PMID: 38601919 PMCID: PMC11004620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance alongside other challenges in tuberculosis (TB) therapeutics have stirred renewed interest in host-directed interventions, including the role of antibodies as adjunct therapeutic agents. This study assessed the binding efficacy of two novel IgG1 opsonic monoclonal antibodies (MABs; GG9 & JG7) at 5, 10, and 25 µg/mL to live cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. avium, M. bovis, M. fortuitum, M. intracellulare, and M. smegmatis American Type Culture Collection laboratory reference strains, as well as clinical susceptible, multi-drug resistant, and extensively drug resistant M. tuberculosis strains using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. These three MAB concentrations were selected from a range of concentrations used in previous optimization (binding and functional) assays. Both MABs bound to all mycobacterial species and sub-types tested, albeit to varying degrees. Statistically significant differences in MAB binding activity were observed when comparing the highest and lowest MAB concentrations (p < 0.05) for both MABs GG9 and JG7, irrespective of the M. tuberculosis resistance profile. Binding affinity increased with an increase in MAB concentration, and optimal binding was observed at 25 µg/mL. JG7 showed better binding activity than GG9. Both MABs also bound to five MOTT species, albeit at varied levels. This non-selective binding to different mycobacterial species suggests a potential role for GG9 and JG7 as adjunctive agents in anti-TB chemotherapy with the aim to enhance bacterial killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kudzai B. Nyazema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bong-Akee Shey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Clara J. Sei
- Vaccine and Antibody Development, Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Remco P.H. Peters
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
- Foundation for Professional Development, Research Unit, East London, South Africa
| | - Nontuthuko E. Maningi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Gerald W. Fischer
- Vaccine and Antibody Development, Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - P. Bernard Fourie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Sibandze DB, Magazi BT, Malinga LA, Maningi NE, Shey BA, Pasipanodya JG, Mbelle NN. Machine learning reveals that Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes and anatomic disease site impacts drug resistance and disease transmission among patients with proven extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:556. [PMID: 32736602 PMCID: PMC7393820 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a general dearth of information on extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Here, we investigated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) drug resistance and transmission patterns in EPTB patients treated in the Tshwane metropolitan area, in South Africa. Methods Consecutive Mtb culture-positive non-pulmonary samples from unique EPTB patients underwent mycobacterial genotyping and were assigned to phylogenetic lineages and transmission clusters based on spoligotypes. MTBDRplus assay was used to search mutations for isoniazid and rifampin resistance. Machine learning algorithms were used to identify clinically meaningful patterns in data. We computed odds ratio (OR), attributable risk (AR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Of the 70 isolates examined, the largest cluster comprised 25 (36%) Mtb strains that belonged to the East Asian lineage. East Asian lineage was significantly more likely to occur within chains of transmission when compared to the Euro-American and East-African Indian lineages: OR = 10.11 (95% CI: 1.56–116). Lymphadenitis, meningitis and cutaneous TB, were significantly more likely to be associated with drug resistance: OR = 12.69 (95% CI: 1.82–141.60) and AR = 0.25 (95% CI: 0.06–0.43) when compared with other EPTB sites, which suggests that poor rifampin penetration might be a contributing factor. Conclusions The majority of Mtb strains circulating in the Tshwane metropolis belongs to East Asian, Euro-American and East-African Indian lineages. Each of these are likely to be clustered, suggesting on-going EPTB transmission. Since 25% of the drug resistance was attributable to sanctuary EPTB sites notorious for poor rifampin penetration, we hypothesize that poor anti-tuberculosis drug dosing might have a role in the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doctor B Sibandze
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa.,National Tuberculosis Control Program, Ministry of Health, Manzini, Kingdom of Eswatini
| | - Beki T Magazi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa.,Tshwane Division, National Health Laboratory Services, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lesibana A Malinga
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa.,Tuberculosis Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nontuthuko E Maningi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Bong-Akee Shey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Jotam G Pasipanodya
- Center For Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5920 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA. .,Praedicare Laboratories, 14830 Venture Drive, Dallas, TX, 75234, USA.
| | - Nontombi N Mbelle
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa.,Tshwane Division, National Health Laboratory Services, Pretoria, South Africa
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Sei CJ, Shey BA, Schuman RF, Rikhi N, Muema K, Rodriguez JD, Daum LT, Fourie PB, Fischer GW. Erratum to “Opsonic monoclonal antibodies enhance phagocytic killing activity and clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from blood in a quantitative qPCR mouse model” [Heliyon 5 (9), (September 2019), e02260]. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02627. [PMID: 31720450 PMCID: PMC6838979 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Sei CJ, Shey BA, Schuman RF, Rikhi N, Muema K, Rodriguez JD, Daum LT, Fourie PB, Fischer GW. Opsonic monoclonal antibodies enhance phagocytic killing activity and clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from blood in a quantitative qPCR mouse model. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02260. [PMID: 31517107 PMCID: PMC6734336 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with impaired immunity often have rapid progression of tuberculosis (TB) which can lead to highly lethal Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) sepsis. Opsonic monoclonal antibodies (MABs) directed against MTB that enhance phagocytic killing activity and clearance of MTB from blood may be useful to enhance TB immunity. Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with ethanol-killed MTB (EK-MTB) and MABs were produced and screened by ELISA for binding to killed and live Mycobacterium smegmatis (SMEG) and MTB. MAB opsonophagocytic killing activity (OPKA) was examined using SMEG with HL60 and U-937 cells and MTB with U-937 cells. Clearance of MTB from blood was evaluated in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice given opsonic anti-MTB MABs or saline (control) 24 h prior to intravenous infusion with 108 CFUs gamma-irradiated MTB (HN878). MTB levels in murine blood collected 0.25, 4 and 24 h post-challenge were assessed by qPCR. MAB binding to peptidoglycan (PGN) was examined by ELISA using PGN cell wall mixture and ultra-pure PGN. Results Two MABs (GG9 and JG7) bound to killed and live SMEG and MTB (susceptible and resistant), and promoted OPKA with live MTB. MAB JG7 significantly enhanced OPKA of MTB. Both MABs significantly enhanced clearance of killed MTB from murine blood at 4 and 24 h as measured by qPCR. These opsonic MABs bound to PGN, a major cell wall constituent. Conclusions Anti-MTB MABs that promote bactericidal phagocytic activity of MTB and enhance clearance of killed MTB from the blood, may offer an immunotherapeutic approach for treatment of MTB bacteremia or sepsis, and augment treatment of multi-drug resistant (MDR) or extensively drug resistant (XDR) TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara J Sei
- Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Bong-Akee Shey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Prinshof, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Nimisha Rikhi
- Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Kevin Muema
- Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | | | - Luke T Daum
- Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics, San Antonio, TX, 78209, USA
| | - P Bernard Fourie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Prinshof, Pretoria, South Africa
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