1
|
Boero E, Carducci M, Keeley AJ, Berlanda Scorza F, Iturriza-Gómara M, Moriel DG, Rossi O. A flow cytometry-based assay to determine the ability of anti-Streptococcus pyogenes antibodies to mediate monocytic phagocytosis in human sera. J Immunol Methods 2024; 528:113652. [PMID: 38458312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes, commonly referred to as Group A Streptococcus (Strep A), causes a spectrum of diseases, with the potential to progress into life-threatening illnesses and autoimmune complications. The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance, stemming from the prevalent reliance on antibiotic therapies to manage Strep A infections, underscores the critical need for the development of disease control strategies centred around vaccination. Phagocytes play a critical role in controlling Strep A infections, and phagocytosis-replicating assays are essential for vaccine development. Traditionally, such assays have employed whole-blood killing or opsonophagocytic methods using HL-60 cells as neutrophil surrogates. However, assays mimicking Fcγ receptors- phagocytosis in clinical contexts are lacking. Therefore, here we introduce a flow cytometry-based method employing undifferentiated THP-1 cells as monocytic/macrophage model to swiftly evaluate the ability of human sera to induce phagocytosis of Strep A. We extensively characterize the assay's precision, linearity, and quantification limit, ensuring robustness. By testing human pooled serum, the assay proved to be suitable for the comparison of human sera's phagocytic capability against Strep A. This method offers a valuable complementary assay for clinical studies, addressing the gap in assessing FcγR-mediated phagocytosis. By facilitating efficient evaluation of Strep A -phagocyte interactions, it may contribute to elucidating the mechanisms required for the prevention of infections and inform the development of future vaccines and therapeutic advancements against Strep A infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Boero
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Martina Carducci
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alexander J Keeley
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Unit the Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, P. O. Box 273, the Gambia
| | | | - Miren Iturriza-Gómara
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Danilo Gomes Moriel
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Omar Rossi
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Laverde D, Armiento S, Molinaro A, Huebner J, De Castro C, Romero-Saavedra F. Identification of a capsular polysaccharide from Enterococcus faecium U0317 using a targeted approach to discover immunogenic carbohydrates for vaccine development. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 330:121731. [PMID: 38368077 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium, a gram-positive opportunistic pathogen, has become a major concern for nosocomial infections due to its resistance to several antibiotics, including vancomycin. Finding novel alternatives for treatment prevention, such as vaccines, is therefore crucial. In this study, we used various techniques to discover a novel capsular polysaccharide. Firstly, we identified an encapsulated E. faecium strain by evaluating the opsonophagocytic activity of fifteen strains with antibodies targeting the well-known lipoteichoic acid antigen. This activity was attributed to an unknown polysaccharide. We then prepared a crude cell wall glycopolymer and fractionated it, guided by immunodot-blot analysis. The most immunoreactive fractions were used for opsonophagocytic inhibition assays. The fraction containing the inhibitory polysaccharide underwent structural characterization using NMR and chemical analyses. The elucidated structure presents a branched repeating unit, with the linear part being: →)-β-d-Gal-(1 → 4)-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-β-d-Gal-(1 → 4)-β-d-GlcNAc-(1→, further decorated with a terminal α-d-Glc and a d-phosphoglycerol moiety, attached to O-2 and O-3 of the 4-linked Gal unit, respectively. This polysaccharide was conjugated to BSA and the synthetic glycoprotein used to immunize mice. The resulting sera exhibited good opsonic activity, suggesting its potential as a vaccine antigen. In conclusion, our effector-function-based approach successfully identified an immunogenic capsular polysaccharide with promising applications in immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Laverde
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Samantha Armiento
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Johannes Huebner
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Felipe Romero-Saavedra
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu H, Müller U, Baums CG, Öhlmann S. Comparative analysis of the interactions of different Streptococcus suis strains with monocytes, granulocytes and the complement system in porcine blood. Vet Res 2024; 55:14. [PMID: 38317258 PMCID: PMC10845567 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important porcine pathogen causing meningitis, arthritis, and septicemia. Serotypes 2 and 14 are the most common zoonotic ones worldwide, whereas serotypes 2, 9, and 7 are very important in pigs in Europe. To cause invasive infections S. suis needs to enter the bloodstream. Consequently, the immune response in blood represents an important line of defense and bacteremia plays a key role in the pathogenesis of invasive S. suis infections. We investigated the working hypothesis that S. suis strains of the same serotype but different clonal complex (CC) might exhibit substantial differences in the interaction with components of the immune system in porcine blood. The experimental design of this study includes comparative analysis of 8 virulent strains belonging to 4 serotypes with strains of the same serotype being genetically not closely related. Significant differences between two strains of the same serotype but different clonal complex were recorded in the flow cytometric analysis of association with different leukocytes for serotype 9 and 14. Our results demonstrate that the serotype 9 strain of CC94 shows significantly increased association with monocytes and survival in porcine blood of conventional piglets as well as a tendency towards decreased composition of C3 in plasma of these piglets in comparison to the serotype 9 strain of CC16. Correlation analysis of C3 deposition on the bacterial surface and survival in respective blood samples of 8-week-old piglets demonstrated a negative correlation indicating that C3 deposition is a crucial step to limit bacterial survival and proliferation of different S. suis pathotypes in the blood of these piglets. In summary, our results indicate that the capsule composition of a S. suis strain is not alone sufficient to determine association with leukocytes, activation of complement, induction of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative burst, and bacterial survival in porcine blood. In this study, substantial differences in these host-pathogen interactions were observed between strains of the same serotype. Therefore, a more comprehensive characterization of the field isolates, including at least MLST analysis to determine the sequence type/clonal complex, is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haodan Zhu
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Uwe Müller
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Georg Baums
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sophie Öhlmann
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wolf AS, Mitsi E, Jones S, Jochems SP, Roalfe L, Thindwa D, Meiring JE, Msefula J, Bonomali F, Makhaza Jere T, Mbewe M, Collins AM, Gordon SB, Gordon MA, Ferreira DM, French N, Goldblatt D, Heyderman RS, Swarthout TD. Quality of antibody responses by adults and young children to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation. Vaccine 2022; 40:7201-7210. [PMID: 36210249 PMCID: PMC10615833 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) protects against invasive pneumococcal disease caused by vaccine-serotype (VT) Streptococcus pneumoniae by generating opsonophagocytic anti-capsular antibodies, but how vaccination protects against and reduces VT carriage is less well understood. Using serological samples from PCV-vaccinated Malawian individuals and a UK human challenge model, we explored whether antibody quality (IgG subclass, opsonophagocytic killing, and avidity) is associated with protection from carriage. Following experimental challenge of adults with S. pneumoniae serotype 6B, 3/21 PCV13-vaccinees were colonised with pneumococcus compared to 12/24 hepatitis A-vaccinated controls; PCV13-vaccination induced serotype-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2, and strong opsonophagocytic responses. However, there was no clear relationship between antibody quality and protection from carriage or carriage intensity after vaccination. Similarly, among PCV13-vaccinated Malawian infants there was no relationship between serotype-specific antibody titre or quality and carriage through exposure to circulating serotypes. Although opsonophagocytic responses were low in infants, antibody titre and avidity to circulating serotypes 19F and 6A were maintained or increased with age. These data suggest a complex relationship between antibody-mediated immunity and pneumococcal carriage, and that PCV13-driven antibody quality may mature with age and exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asia-Sophia Wolf
- NIHR Global Health Mucosal Pathogens Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elena Mitsi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Scott Jones
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Simon P. Jochems
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lucy Roalfe
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Deus Thindwa
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - James E. Meiring
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | | | - Maurice Mbewe
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Andrea M. Collins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Melita A. Gordon
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniela M. Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Neil French
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David Goldblatt
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert S. Heyderman
- NIHR Global Health Mucosal Pathogens Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Todd D. Swarthout
- NIHR Global Health Mucosal Pathogens Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deifallah Yousif M, Felek A, Saydam M, Wilson S, Murdan S, Mawas F. Sublingual immunisation with GBS serotype III capsular polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine induces systemic and mucosal antibody responses which are opsonophagocytic and inhibit GBS colonisation of vaginal epithelial cells. Vaccine 2022; 40:6055-63. [PMID: 36096970 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
No vaccines are currently licensed against Group B streptococcus (GBS), an important cause of morbidity and mortality in babies and adults. Using a mouse model, and in vitro opsonophagocytosis and colonisation assays, we evaluated the potential of a sublingually-administered polysaccharide-conjugate vaccine against GBS serotype III. Sublingual immunisation of mice with 10 µg of GBS conjugate vaccine once a week for 5 weeks induced a substantial systemic IgG anti-polysaccharide response which was similar to the level induced by subcutaneous immunsation. In addition, sublingual immunisation also induced mucosal (IgA) antibody responses in the mouth, intestines and vagina. Immune sera and intestinal washes were functionally active at mediating killing of the homologous GBS serotype III in an opsonophagocytosis assay. In addition, intestinal and vaginal washes inhibited the colonisation of mouse vaginal epithelial cells by the vaccine homologous strain. These results suggest that, in addition to the induction of high levels of IgG antibodies that could be transduced from the immunised mother to the foetus to protect the newborn against GBS infection, sublingual immunisation can elicit a substantial mucosal antibody response which might play an important role in the prevention of GBS colonisation in immunised women, thereby eliminating the risk of GBS transmission from the mother to the baby during pregnancy or at birth.
Collapse
|
6
|
Maleki M, Azimi S, Salouti M. Protective effect of two new nanovaccines against Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on LPS and OPS: A comparison study. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152278. [PMID: 36115097 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important infectious pathogens in medicine. This bacterium causes various infections, especially in patients with severe burns and people with defective immune systems. The purpose of this study was to develop a nanovaccine based on PLGA nanoparticles and lipopolysaccharide and oligopolysaccharide antigens for appropriate stimulation of the humoral and cellular immune systems against P. aeruginosa. LPS-PLGA and OPS-PLGA conjugates were synthesized using the carbodiimide reaction. The prepared conjugates of as well as the pure antigens of LPS and OPS were injected to BALB/c mice in three periods at 2 week intervals. The ELISA test showed that the IgM, IgA, IgG, IgG1, IgG2b, IgG2a and IgG3 antibodies produced against LPS-PLGA or OPS-PLGA conjugates were tens of times higher than the pure antigens. Also, the opsonophagocytosis test showed that the performance and the effect of produced anti-LPS-PLGA antibodies were higher than other groups. In addition, the mice treated with LPS-PLGA conjugate were more resistant to P. aeruginosa infection than other groups. These findings indicated that LPS and OPS antigens in conjugation with PLGA nanoparticles have the ability to create and effective immunity against P. aeruginosa and LPS-PLGA is more effective than OPS-PLGA.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ahmadi K, Hasaniazad M, Habibi M, Ghaedi T, Kavousipour S, Nikbin VS, Kalani M, Faezi S. Evaluation of the immune response to a multi-epitope vaccine candidate in comparison with Hla H35L, MntC, and SACOL0723 proteins against MRSA infection. Biologicals 2021:S1045-1056(21)00064-6. [PMID: 34376341 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important human opportunistic pathogen that can have a major influence on public health. Here, we aimed to evaluate different aspects of the immune response to a novel multi-epitope fusion protein (HMS) based on HlaH35L, MntC, and SACOL0723 proteins in comparison to the individual antigens. For this purpose, specific total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a isotypes and the cytokines related to Th1, Th2, and Th17 were assessed. The Bio-efficiency of the fusion protein was evaluated by opsonic killing activity. The HMS fusion protein elicited a high specific IgG level and also induced a higher level of Th1, Th2, and Th17-related cytokines which were more polarized towards the Th1 and Th17 compared to individual antigens. The HMS-specific antisera also significantly promoted phagocytosis of S. aureus COL strain by mouse macrophages. In conclusion, the fusion protein might be an effective vaccine for potential protective immunity against a lethal infection of S. aureus in mice.
Collapse
|
8
|
Santiesteban-Lores LE, Cabrera-Crespo J, Carvalho E. Development of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine based on chemical conjugation of polysaccharide serotype 6B to PspA. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105092. [PMID: 34274454 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of conjugate vaccines remains an effective intervention to prevent pneumococcal diseases. In order to expand vaccine coverage, the inclusion of pneumococcal proteins as carriers is a propitious alternative that has been explored over the past few years. In this study, pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) clade 1, family 1 (PspA1) and clade 3, family 2 (PspA3) were used as carrier proteins for pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide serotype 6B (Ps6B). Employing an improved reductive amination chemistry, 50% of Ps6B was incorporated to each protein, PspA1 and PspA3. The effect of chemical modifications in Ps6B and PspA was assessed by an antigenicity assay and circular dichroism, respectively. Fragmentation and oxidation decreased the antigenicity of Ps6B while conjugation improved antigenicity. In the same manner, introduction of adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) reduced PspA secondary structure content, which was partially restored after conjugation. Immunization of Ps6B-PspA1 and Ps6B-PspA3 conjugates in mice induced specific IgG antibodies against the Ps6B and the protein; and anti-PspA antibodies had functional activity against two pneumococcal strains with different serotypes. These results suggest that chemical coupling between Ps6B and PspA did not affect antigenic epitopes and support the further development of PspA as a carrier protein in pneumococcal conjugate vaccines to provide broader protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lazara Elena Santiesteban-Lores
- Programa de Pós Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia Instituto Butantan/IPT/USP, São Paulo, Brazil; Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Eneas Carvalho
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maleki M, Salouti M. Immunization effect of lipopolysaccharide antigen in conjugation with PLGA nanoparticles as a nanovaccine against Brucella melitensis infection. Biologicals 2021; 72:10-17. [PMID: 34167853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella is an infectious disease with difficult treatment faced with drug resistance and recurrence of infection. Despite advances in the development of effective vaccines against brucellosis infections, there is still a need for more effective vaccine against brucellosis. In this study, we developed a nanovaccine for delivery of lipopolysaccharide Brucella melitensis antigen to the immune system using PLGA nanoparticles to prevent Brucella infection, which is associated with the stimulation of both humoral and cellular immune systems. In particular, we determined the rate of produced immunoglobulines and their functional effectiveness on the immune system by carring out opsonophagocytosis and challenge tests. According to the results, it was determined that PLGA improve the delivery of LPS antigen to the immune system to enhance the production of immunoglobulins levels and their efficiency to remove Brucella bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Maleki
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Salouti
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Azimi S, Safari Zanjani L. Immunization against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using Alg-PLGA nano-vaccine. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2021; 24:476-482. [PMID: 34094029 PMCID: PMC8143718 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.52217.11813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the bacterium that causes of pulmonary infection among chronically hospitalized patients. Alginate is a common surface antigen of P. aeruginosa with a constant structure that which makes it an appropriate target for vaccines. In this study, P. aeruginosa alginate was conjugated with to PLGA nanoparticles, and its immunogenicity was characterized as a vaccine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alginate was isolated from a mucoid strain of P. aeruginosa and conjugated with to PLGA with˝ N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride ˝= ˝EDAC˝ and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Chemical characterization of prepared nano-vaccine was performed using FTIR Spectroscopy, Zetasizer, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The immunogenicity of this nano-vaccine was evaluated through intramuscular injection into BALB/c mice. Four groups of mice were subjected to the injection of alginate-PLGA, and two weeks after the last administration step, opsonophagocytosis assay, IgG detection, challenge, and cytokine determination via ELISA were carried out. RESULTS Alginate-PLGA conjugation was corroborated by FTIR, Zetasizer, and AFM. The ELISA consequence showed that alginate was prospering in the instigation of the humoral immunity.The immunogenicity enhanced against the alginate-PLGA. Remarkably diminished bacterial titer in the spleen of the immunized mice posterior to challenge with PAO1 strain in comparison with the alginate alone and control groups. CONCLUSION The bacterial burden in the spleen significantly decreased after the challenge (P<0.05). The opsonic activity was significantly increased in the alginate- PLGA group (P<0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Safari Zanjani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Zanjan Branch, Payame Noor of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Afshari H, Maleki M, Hakimian M, Tanha RA, Salouti M. Immunogenicity evaluating of the SLNs-alginate conjugate against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Immunol Methods 2021; 488:112938. [PMID: 33259781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
P. aeruginosa is of particular importance due to its numerous pathogens and the spread of its multidrug-resistant strains around the world. Hence there is a need to develop an effective vaccine to prevent the diseases with P. aeruginosa. The aim of present study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of alginate (Alg) antigen in conjugation with SLN as a candidate for nanovaccine against P. aeruginosa in mouse model. Alginate is a weak immunogen, but the immune responses produced by alginate are effective in killing Pseudomonas bacteria. To increase the immunogenicity of alginate, SLN was used that is useful in drug delivery and can boost prolonged effectiveness. The results of ELISA and opsonophagocytosis tests showed that Alg-SLN conjugate has a better ability to stimulate the immune system to produce more immunoglobulins with better performance compared to alginate antigen alone. The challenge test also demonstrated that the Alg-SLN treated mice showed a higher level of immunity than the mice treated with pure alginate against infections caused by P. aeruginosa. Overally the findings showed the efficacy of new prepared vaccine to induce immunogenicity, and therefore it can be considered as a candidate for a strong vaccine against P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Afshari
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Masoud Maleki
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Hakimian
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Roghaye Ahmadlou Tanha
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Salouti
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu L, Feng J, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Hu Z, Xiong J, Zuo Q, Zhang R. Identification and evaluation of protection effect of B-cell immunodominant epitopes of campylobacter jejuni PEB1. Microb Pathog 2020; 152:104650. [PMID: 33232766 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To provide detail data for Campylobacter jejuni (C.jejuni) vaccine research, this study performed epitope prediction analysis technology to screen the B cell immunodominant epitopes of C. jejuni adhesion protein PEB1 and evaluated the immunoprotective effect. The overlapping peptides were synthesized and B-cell immunodominant epitopes of PEB1 were identified by ELISA. BALB/c mice were immunized with the immunodominant epitopes of PEB1 conjugated with KLH plus CFA/IFA. The titers for immunodominant peptide antiserum against PEB1 were detected by ELISA. The bacterial colonization and the relative expression level of TNF-α were analyzed after the mice challenged with C. jejuni 11,168. The function of antibody induced by immunodominant PEB1 epitopes were performed by opsonophagocytic killing. The results showed that PEB155-72aa, PEB197-114aa, PEB1211-228aa were the immunodominant peptides and could induce strong B cell mediated humoral immunity response. Antiserum from the immunodominant peptides group significantly enhanced opsonize phagocytosis than CFA/IFA group (P<0.01). Both the bacterial burdens and the TNF-α expression level in the immunodominant peptides groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). Moreover, the immune protective effect of the three immunodominant peptides depended on the B cell immunity response in vivo study. In conclusion, three specific B cell immunodominant epitopes with good immunogenicity and immunoprotection efficacy were successfully identified, indicating that could be used in the anti- C. jejuni vaccine research and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luxuan Liu
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Geriatric, ChengDu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Yunming Li
- Department of Information, ChengDu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Yugang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, ChengDu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, ChengDu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Zonghai Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, ChengDu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, ChengDu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Qianfei Zuo
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, ChengDu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reglinski M. Lancefield Whole Blood Killing Assay to Evaluate Vaccine Efficacy. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2136:317-22. [PMID: 32430833 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0467-0_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
While the Lancefield whole blood killing assay is named after the renowned streptococcal researcher Rebecca Lancefield, the protocol was first described by Todd in 1927 (Br J Exp Pathol 8:1-5, 1927). Initially, the assay was used to identify novel Group A Streptococcal (GAS) serotypes through the supplementation of non-immune human blood (often from infants) with type-specific antisera prepared in rabbits (Lancefield, J Exp Med 106:525-544, 1957; Maxted, Br J Exp Pathol 37:415-422, 1956) and to demonstrate the impressive longevity of type-specific immunity in patients following invasive GAS infection (Lancefield, J Exp Med 110:271-292, 1959). The modern assay is routinely used to screen defined GAS mutants (Wessels, Bronze, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:12238-12242, 1994; Zinkernagel et al., Cell Host Microbe 4:170-178, 2008) or transposon libraries (Le Breton et al., Infect Immun 81:862-875, 2013) for enhanced susceptibility to opsonophagocytic killing or to screen vaccine antisera (Salehi et al., mSphere 3:e00617-e00618, 2018) or other serological preparations (Reglinski et al., Sci Rep 5:15825, 2015) for anti-streptococcal activity.
Collapse
|
14
|
Pastural É, McNeil SA, MacKinnon-Cameron D, Ye L, Langley JM, Stewart R, Martin LH, Hurley GJ, Salehi S, Penfound TA, Halperin S, Dale JB. Safety and immunogenicity of a 30-valent M protein-based group a streptococcal vaccine in healthy adult volunteers: A randomized, controlled phase I study. Vaccine 2019; 38:1384-1392. [PMID: 31843270 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus, Strep A) is a widespread pathogen that continues to pose a significant threat to human health. The development of a Strep A vaccine remains an unmet global health need. One of the major vaccine strategies is the use of M protein, which is a primary virulence determinant and protective antigen. Multivalent recombinant M protein vaccines are being developed with N-terminal M peptides that contain opsonic epitopes but do not contain human tissue cross-reactive epitopes. METHODS We completed a Phase I trial of a recombinant 30-valent M protein-based Strep A vaccine (Strep A vaccine, StreptAnova™) comprised of four recombinant proteins containing N-terminal peptides from 30 M proteins of common pharyngitis and invasive and/or rheumatogenic serotypes, adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide. The trial was observer-blinded and randomized in a 2:1 ratio for intramuscular administration of Strep A vaccine or an alum-based comparator in healthy adult volunteers, at 0, 30 and 180 days. Primary outcome measures were assessments of safety, including assays for antibodies that cross-reacted with host tissues, and immunogenicity assessed by ELISA with the individual vaccine peptides and by opsonophagocytic killing (OPK) assays in human blood. RESULTS Twenty-three Strep A-vaccinated participants and 13 controls completed the study. The Strep A vaccine was well-tolerated and there was no clinical evidence of autoimmunity and no laboratory evidence of tissue cross-reactive antibodies. The vaccine was immunogenic and elicited significant increases in geometric mean antibody levels to 24 of the 30 component M antigens by ELISA. Vaccine-induced OPK activity was observed against selected M types of Strep A in vaccinated participants that seroconverted to specific M peptides. CONCLUSION The Strep A vaccine was well tolerated and immunogenic in healthy adults, providing strong support for further clinical development. [ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02564237].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Élodie Pastural
- Pan-Provincial Vaccine Enterprise Inc. (PREVENT), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shelly A McNeil
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Donna MacKinnon-Cameron
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lingyun Ye
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Joanne M Langley
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robert Stewart
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Luis H Martin
- Pan-Provincial Vaccine Enterprise Inc. (PREVENT), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Gregory J Hurley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sanaz Salehi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Thomas A Penfound
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Scott Halperin
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - James B Dale
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sei CJ, Shey BA, Schuman RF, Rikhi N, Muema K, Rodriguez JD, Daum LT, Fourie PB, Fischer GW. Opsonic monoclonal antibodies enhance phagocytic killing activity and clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from blood in a quantitative qPCR mouse model. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02260. [PMID: 31517107 PMCID: PMC6734336 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with impaired immunity often have rapid progression of tuberculosis (TB) which can lead to highly lethal Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) sepsis. Opsonic monoclonal antibodies (MABs) directed against MTB that enhance phagocytic killing activity and clearance of MTB from blood may be useful to enhance TB immunity. Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with ethanol-killed MTB (EK-MTB) and MABs were produced and screened by ELISA for binding to killed and live Mycobacterium smegmatis (SMEG) and MTB. MAB opsonophagocytic killing activity (OPKA) was examined using SMEG with HL60 and U-937 cells and MTB with U-937 cells. Clearance of MTB from blood was evaluated in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice given opsonic anti-MTB MABs or saline (control) 24 h prior to intravenous infusion with 108 CFUs gamma-irradiated MTB (HN878). MTB levels in murine blood collected 0.25, 4 and 24 h post-challenge were assessed by qPCR. MAB binding to peptidoglycan (PGN) was examined by ELISA using PGN cell wall mixture and ultra-pure PGN. Results Two MABs (GG9 and JG7) bound to killed and live SMEG and MTB (susceptible and resistant), and promoted OPKA with live MTB. MAB JG7 significantly enhanced OPKA of MTB. Both MABs significantly enhanced clearance of killed MTB from murine blood at 4 and 24 h as measured by qPCR. These opsonic MABs bound to PGN, a major cell wall constituent. Conclusions Anti-MTB MABs that promote bactericidal phagocytic activity of MTB and enhance clearance of killed MTB from the blood, may offer an immunotherapeutic approach for treatment of MTB bacteremia or sepsis, and augment treatment of multi-drug resistant (MDR) or extensively drug resistant (XDR) TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara J Sei
- Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Bong-Akee Shey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Prinshof, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Nimisha Rikhi
- Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Kevin Muema
- Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | | | - Luke T Daum
- Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics, San Antonio, TX, 78209, USA
| | - P Bernard Fourie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Prinshof, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Aschenbroich SA, Lafontaine ER, Lopez MC, Baker HV, Hogan RJ. Transcriptome analysis of human monocytic cells infected with Burkholderia species and exploration of pentraxin-3 as part of the innate immune response against the organisms. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:127. [PMID: 31492148 PMCID: PMC6729079 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Burkholderia mallei (Bm) is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen causing highly-fatal glanders in solipeds and humans. The ability of Bm to thrive intracellularly is thought to be related to exploitation of host immune response-related genes and pathways. Relatively little is known of the molecular strategies employed by this pathogen to modulate these pathways and evade intracellular killing. This manuscript seeks to fill gaps in the understanding of the interface between Bm and innate immunity by examining gene expression changes during infection of host monocytes. Methods The transcriptome of Bm-infected human Mono Mac-6 (MM6) monocytes was profiled on Affymetrix Human Transcriptome GeneChips 2.0. Gene expression changes in Bm-infected monocytes were compared to those of Burkholderia thailandensis (Bt)-infected monocytes and to uninfected monocytes. The resulting dataset was normalized using Robust Multichip Average and subjected to statistical analyses employing a univariate F test with a random variance model. Differentially expressed genes significant at p < 0.001 were subjected to leave-one-out cross-validation studies and 1st and 3rd nearest neighbor prediction model. Significant probe sets were used to populate human pathways in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, with statistical significance determined by Fisher’s exact test or z-score. Results The Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) pathway was represented among significantly enriched immune response-related human canonical pathways, with evidence of upregulation across both infections. Among members of this pathway, pentraxin-3 was significantly upregulated by Bm- or Bt-infected monocytes. Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) was demonstrated to bind to both Bt and Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp), but not Bm. Subsequent assays did not identify a role for PTX3 in potentiating complement-mediated lysis of Bt or in enhancing phagocytosis or replication of Bt in human monocytes. Conclusion We report on the novel binding of PTX3 to Bt and Bp, with lack of interaction with Bm, suggesting that a possible evasive mechanism by Bm warrants further exploration. We determined that (1) PTX3 may not play a role in activating the lytic pathway of complement in different bacterial species and that (2) the opsonophagocytic properties of PTX3 should be investigated in different primary or immortalized cell lines representing host phagocytes, given lack of binding of PTX3 to MM6 monocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Aschenbroich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Eric R Lafontaine
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Maria Cecilia Lopez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Henry V Baker
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Robert J Hogan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA. .,Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ali L, Blum HE, Sakιnç T. Detection and characterization of bacterial polysaccharides in drug-resistant enterococci. Glycoconj J 2019; 36:429-38. [PMID: 31230165 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) has emerged as one of today's leading causes of health care-associated infections that is difficult to treat with the available antibiotics. These pathogens produce capsular polysaccharides on the cell surface which play a significant role in adhesion, virulence and evasion. Therefore, we aimed at the identification and characterization of bacterial polysaccharide antigens which are central for the development of vaccine-based prophylactic approaches. The crude cell wall-associated polysaccharides from E. faecium, its mutant and complemented strains were purified and analyzed by a primary antibody raised against lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and diheteroglycan (DHG). The resistant E. faecium strains presumably possess novel capsular polysaccharides that allow them to avoid the evasion from opsonic killing. The E. faecium U0317 strain was very well opsonized by anti-U0317 (~95%), an antibody against the whole bacterial cell. The deletion mutant showed a significantly increased susceptibility to opsonophagocytic killing (90-95%) against the penicillin binding protein (anti-PBP-5). By comparison, in a mouse urinary tract and rat endocarditis infection model, respectively, there were no significant differences in virulence. In this study we explored the biological role of the capsule of E. faecium. Our findings showed that the U0317 strain is not only sensitive to anti-LTA but also to antibodies against other enterococcal surface proteins. Our findings demonstrate that polysaccharides capsule mediated-resistance to opsonophagocytosis. We also found that the capsular polysaccharides do not play an important role in bacterial virulence in urinary tract and infective endocarditis in vivo models.
Collapse
|
18
|
Sorensen RU, Edgar D. Specific Antibody Deficiencies in Clinical Practice. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019; 7:801-808. [PMID: 30682575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Specific antibody deficiency (SAD) is defined as the inability to mount an antibody response to purified Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide antigens in the presence of normal immunoglobulin concentrations and normal antibody responses to protein antigens. In this review, we discuss the difficulties in using presently available testing methods to adequately define SAD. The fact that there are different forms of SADs to pneumococcal surface polysaccharides is detailed. The diagnostic and therapeutic implications of recognizing that, in addition to SAD, there are other forms of SAD in the response to S. pneumoniae polysaccharides are described in detail. The conclusion of this review is that assessment of immunity and therapeutic actions to deal with SADs need to be based on clinical evidence rather than solely on arbitrarily defined antibody responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo U Sorensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, La; Louisiana Primary Immunodeficiency Network, New Orleans, La; Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - David Edgar
- Regional Immunology Service, The Royal Hospitals, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust and Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Thomas SR, Leung S, Knox K, Wilkinson TMA, Staples KJ, Lestrate P, Wauters D, Gorringe A, Taylor SC. Development of flow cytometric opsonophagocytosis and antibody-mediated complement deposition assays for non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:167. [PMID: 30373523 PMCID: PMC6206646 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemophilus influenzae is found in the nasopharynx of 80% of the human population. While colonisation with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is usually asymptomatic, it is capable of causing acute and chronic otitis media (OM) in infants, invasive disease in susceptible groups and is the leading cause of exacerbations of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Current methods for assessing functional antibody immunity to NTHi are limited and labour intensive. Flow cytometric assays could provide an attractive alternative to evaluate immune responses to candidate vaccines in clinical trials. RESULTS We have developed a duplexed flow-cytometric uptake and oxidative burst opsonophagocytosis assay (fOPA). We have also developed a duplexed antibody-mediated complement C3b/iC3b and C5b-9 deposition assay (CDA). Antibody-mediated C3b/iC3b deposition correlated with opsonophagocytic uptake (r = 0.65) and with opsonophagocytic oxidative burst (r = 0.69). Both fOPA and CDA were reproducible, with the majority of samples giving a coefficient of variation (CV) of < 20% and overall assay CVs of 14% and 16% respectively. CONCLUSIONS The high-throughput flow cytometric assays developed here were successfully optimised for use with NTHi. Assays proved to be sensitive and highly reproducible for the measurement of bacterial uptake and oxidative burst opsonophagocytosis and antibody-mediated deposition of C3b/iC3b and C5b-9. These assays are useful tools for use in large scale epidemiological studies and to assist in the assessment of functional antibody induced by NTHi candidate vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Thomas
- Public Health England, Microbiological Services, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK.
| | - Stephanie Leung
- Public Health England, Microbiological Services, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Katy Knox
- Public Health England, Microbiological Services, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Karl J Staples
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew Gorringe
- Public Health England, Microbiological Services, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Stephen C Taylor
- Public Health England, Microbiological Services, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Canale FP, Dávila SDV, Sasso CV, Pellarín NW, Mattar Domínguez MA. Immunization with Larrea divaricata Cav. proteins elicits opsonic antibodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and induces phagocytic activity of murine macrophages. Microb Pathog 2018; 118:257-67. [PMID: 29559255 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen implicated in nosocomial infections for which no vaccines have been approved. Larrea divaricata Cav. (Jarilla) is a widely spread plant in America and it is used in folk medicine to treat several pathologies. It has also been shown that antibodies elicited against Jarilla proteins of crude extract (JPCE) cross-react with proteins from gram-negative bacteria. In this study we aim to assess the contribution of anti-JPCE antibodies in the opsonophagocytosis of P. aeruginosa by murine macrophages. Levels of reactivity of anti-JPCE IgG and IgA antibodies against cell and membrane proteins suggest that these proteins induce a response that could favor opsonic bacterial recognition, which is important for the elimination of bacteria on mucous membranes, useful in the early stages of infection. Opsonophagocytosis assays also show that these antibodies could favor bacteria intake. These results together with previous observations that indicate that anti-JPCE antibodies are able to neutralize P. aeruginosa enzymes point L. divaricata proteins as candidates for vaccine development.
Collapse
|
21
|
Dong X, Wu W, Ma L, Liu C, Bhuckory MB, Wang L, Nandrot EF, Xu H, Li K, Liu Y, Zhou W. Collectin-11 Is an Important Modulator of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Phagocytosis and Cytokine Production. J Innate Immun 2017; 9:529-545. [PMID: 28772263 DOI: 10.1159/000478042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report previously unknown roles for collectin-11 (CL-11, a soluble C-type lectin) in modulating the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell functions of phagocytosis and cytokine production. We found that CL-11 and its carbohydrate ligand are expressed in both the murine and human neural retina; these resemble each other in terms of RPE and photoreceptor cells. Functional analysis of murine RPE cells showed that CL-11 facilitates the opsonophagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments and apoptotic cells, and also upregulates IL-10 production. Mechanistic analysis revealed that calreticulin on the RPE cells is required for CL-11-mediated opsonophagocytosis whereas signal-regulatory protein α and mannosyl residues on the cells are involved in the CL-11-mediated upregulation of IL-10 production. This study is the first to demonstrate the role of CL-11 and the molecular mechanisms involved in modulating RPE cell phagocytosis and cytokine production. It provides a new insight into retinal health and disease and has implications for other phagocytic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gallage S, Katagiri T, Endo M, Maita M. Comprehensive evaluation of immunomodulation by moderate hypoxia in S. agalactiae vaccinated Nile tilapia. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 66:445-454. [PMID: 28526572 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae is a major bacterial pathogen in tilapia aquaculture. Vaccines are known to provide protection but S. agalactiae clearance in tilapia can be reduced by marginal environmental conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine S. agalactiae clearance in vaccinated Nile tilapia under moderate hypoxic (55± 5% DO) and normoxic (85 ± 5%DO) conditions. Fish were acclimatized to either moderate hypoxia or normoxia and immunized with formalin-inactivated S. agalactiae. Fish were experimentally challenged with S. agalactiae at 30 days post-vaccination. Serum antibody titer was significantly higher in vaccinated fish kept under normoxic condition compared to the moderate hypoxic condition at fifteen and thirty days post-vaccination. The cumulative mortality following challenge was significantly reduced in vaccinated fish kept under normoxic condition compared to those in moderate hypoxic condition reflecting that pre-challenge antibody titer may correlate with survival of fish. Blood and tissue pathogen burden detection of S. agalactiae studies revealed that culturable S. agalactiae cells could not be detected in the blood of normoxic vaccinated fish at all the sampling points. In contrast, fish vaccinated in moderate hypoxic condition had considerable number of culturable S. agalactiae cells in their blood up to 5 days following challenge. Phagocytosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were lowered by moderate hypoxia in vitro. Furthermore, presence of specific antibodies and higher specific antibody level in the serum increased phagocytosis, ROS production and lowered intracellular survival of S. agalactiae in head kidney leukocytes. Overall this study has highlighted that S. agalactiae clearance in vaccinated Nile tilapia is modulated by moderate hypoxia. One of the possible explanations for this might be less efficient phagocytic activities due to low oxygen availability and lower specific antibody production in vaccinated fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanchala Gallage
- Laboratory of Fish Health Management, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Katagiri
- Laboratory of Fish Health Management, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Masato Endo
- Laboratory of Fish Health Management, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Masashi Maita
- Laboratory of Fish Health Management, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Campos IB, Herd M, Moffitt KL, Lu YJ, Darrieux M, Malley R, Leite LCC, Gonçalves VM. IL-17A and complement contribute to killing of pneumococci following immunization with a pneumococcal whole cell vaccine. Vaccine 2017; 35:1306-1315. [PMID: 28161422 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The pneumococcal whole cell vaccine (PWCV) has been investigated as an alternative to polysaccharide-based vaccines currently in use. It is a non-encapsulated killed vaccine preparation that induces non-capsular antibodies protecting mice against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and reducing nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage via IL-17A activation of mouse phagocytes. Here, we show that PWCV induces antibody and IL-17A production to protect mice against challenge in a fatal aspiration-sepsis model after only one dose. We observed protection even with a boiled preparation, attesting to the stability and robustness of the vaccine. PWCV antibodies were shown to bind to different encapsulated strains, but complement deposition on the pneumococcal surface was observed only on serotype 3 strains; using flow cytometer methodology, variations in PWCV quality, as in the boiled vaccine, were detected. Moreover, anti-PWCV induces phagocytosis of different pneumococcal serotypes by murine peritoneal cells in the presence of complement or IL-17A. These findings suggest that complement and IL-17A may participate in the process of phagocytosis induced by PWCV antibodies. IL-17A can stimulate phagocytic cells to kill pneumococcus and this is enhanced in the presence of PWCV antibodies bound to the bacterial cell surface. Our results provide further support for the PWCV as a broad-range vaccine against all existing serotypes, potentially providing protection for humans against NP colonization and IPD. Additionally, we suggest complement deposition assay as a tool to detect subtle differences between PWCV lots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana B Campos
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia-USP-IPT-IB, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Muriel Herd
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin L Moffitt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying-Jie Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Darrieux
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Richard Malley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Parameswarappa SG, Reppe K, Geissner A, Ménová P, Govindan S, Calow ADJ, Wahlbrink A, Weishaupt MW, Monnanda BP, Bell RL, Pirofski LA, Suttorp N, Sander LE, Witzenrath M, Pereira CL, Anish C, Seeberger PH. A Semi-synthetic Oligosaccharide Conjugate Vaccine Candidate Confers Protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 3 Infection. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:1407-1416. [PMID: 27818299 PMCID: PMC5234679 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The identification of immunogenic glycotopes that render glycoconjugate vaccines protective is key to improving vaccine efficacy. Synthetic oligosaccharides are an attractive alternative to the heterogeneous preparations of purified polysaccharides that most marketed glycoconjugate vaccines are based on. To investigate the potency of semi-synthetic glycoconjugates, we chose the least-efficient serotype in the current pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Prevnar 13, Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 (ST3). Glycan arrays containing synthetic ST3 repeating unit oligosaccharides were used to screen a human reference serum for antibodies and to define the recognition site of two ST3-specific protective monoclonal antibodies. The glycan array screens identified a tetrasaccharide that was selected for in-depth immunological evaluation. The tetrasaccharide-CRM197 carrier protein conjugate elicited protective immunity as evidenced by opsonophagocytosis assays and protection against pneumonia caused by ST3 in mice. Formulation of the defined protective lead candidate glycotope has to be further evaluated to elicit optimal long-term immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrin Reppe
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Geissner
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Ménová
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Subramanian Govindan
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Adam D J Calow
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Annette Wahlbrink
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus W Weishaupt
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bopanna Ponnappa Monnanda
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Lawrence Bell
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liise-Anne Pirofski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif Erik Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Claney Lebev Pereira
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chakkumkal Anish
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kurokawa K, Takahashi K, Lee BL. The staphylococcal surface-glycopolymer wall teichoic acid (WTA) is crucial for complement activation and immunological defense against Staphylococcus aureus infection. Immunobiology 2016; 221:1091-101. [PMID: 27424796 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that is decorated by glycopolymers, including wall teichoic acid (WTA), peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, and capsular polysaccharides. These bacterial surface glycopolymers are recognized by serum antibodies and a variety of pattern recognition molecules, including mannose-binding lectin (MBL). Recently, we demonstrated that human serum MBL senses staphylococcal WTA. Whereas MBL in infants who have not yet fully developed adaptive immunity binds to S. aureus WTA and activates complement serum, MBL in adults who have fully developed adaptive immunity cannot bind to WTA because of an inhibitory effect of serum anti-WTA IgG. Furthermore, we showed that human anti-WTA IgGs purified from pooled adult serum IgGs triggered activation of classical complement-dependent opsonophagocytosis against S. aureus. Because the epitopes of WTA that are recognized by anti-WTA IgG and MBL have not been determined, we constructed several S. aureus mutants with altered WTA glycosylation. Our intensive biochemical studies provide evidence that the β-GlcNAc residues of WTA are required for the induction of anti-WTA IgG-mediated opsonophagocytosis and that both β- and α-GlcNAc residues are required for MBL-mediated complement activation. The molecular interactions of other S. aureus cell wall components and host recognition proteins are also discussed. In summary, in this review, we discuss the biological importance of S. aureus cell surface glycopolymers in complement activation and host defense responses.
Collapse
|
26
|
Jalalvand F, Littorin N, Su YC, Riesbeck K. Impact of immunization with Protein F on pulmonary clearance of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Vaccine 2014; 32:2261-4. [PMID: 24631068 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is one of the main aetiologies of childhood bacterial infections as well as exacerbations in COPD patients. Currently, no licensed NTHi vaccine exists. In the present study, we evaluated the potential of the conserved and ubiquitous surface protein Haemophilus Protein F (PF) as a vaccine candidate. Our results show that incubation of NTHi with anti-PF antibodies significantly increased the opsonophygocytosis of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line-derived granulocytes, leading to efficient killing of the bacteria (P≤0.05). The presence of anti-PF IgG titers in healthy adults (n=60) was investigated, and we found that 26% of healthy blood donors carried antibodies with the main antigenic epitope being PF(23-48). Finally, mice immunized with PF(23-48) attained a significantly increased capacity to clear NTHi as compared to a control group immunized with a peptide derived from Moraxella catarrhalis β-lactamase (P≤0.05). Taken together, our results indicate that PF is a potential NTHi-vaccine candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Jalalvand
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Littorin
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yu-Ching Su
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Licciardi PV, Russell FM, Balloch A, Burton RL, Nahm MH, Gilbert G, Tang MLK, Mulholland EK. Impaired serotype-specific immune function following pneumococcal vaccination in infants with prior carriage. Vaccine 2014; 32:2321-7. [PMID: 24613524 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of prior nasopharyngeal carriage on serotype-specific IgG responses following immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) has recently been described. This report extends these findings to describe the attenuation of functional immune responses following 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination (PPS). We report the attenuation of immune responses following booster with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination (PPS) in infants with prior nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Fijian infants who were part of a phase II randomized, controlled trial of reduced dose PCV7 schedules were the basis of this study. Pneumococcal carriage was determined at 6, 9 and 12 months of age, prior to PPS immunization. Serum samples collected at 18 weeks (post-PCV7), 12 months (pre-PPS), 12.5 months and 17 months (post-PPS) of age were assessed for serotype-specific IgG and opsonophagocytic responses. The most frequently carried serotypes were 6B (N=11), 19F (N=14) and 23F (N=23). Significantly lower serotype-specific IgG for 19F, 23F but not 6B post-PPS were detected in infants with homologous serotype carriage prior to PPS compared with non-carriers (N=230). However, OPA levels for 6B and 23F were lower in infants that carried these serotypes. Pneumococcal carriage with 19F or 23F at any time prior to PPS immunization in infants at 12 months of age who were previously primed with PCV resulted in serotype-specific hyporesponsiveness that persisted until 17 months of age. These results may have implications for the timing of infant vaccine schedules, particularly in high disease burden settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Licciardi
- Pneumococcal Research Group, Australia; Allergy and Immune Disorders Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Australia.
| | - Fiona M Russell
- Pneumococcal Research Group, Australia; Centre for International Child Health, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne Balloch
- Pneumococcal Research Group, Australia; Allergy and Immune Disorders Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Australia
| | - Robert L Burton
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Moon H Nahm
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Gilbert
- Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Mimi L K Tang
- Pneumococcal Research Group, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Edward K Mulholland
- Pneumococcal Research Group, Australia; Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hair PS, Foley CK, Krishna NK, Nyalwidhe JO, Geoghegan JA, Foster TJ, Cunnion KM. Complement regulator C4BP binds to Staphylococcus aureus surface proteins SdrE and Bbp inhibiting bacterial opsonization and killing. Results Immunol 2013; 3:114-21. [PMID: 24600566 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinim.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a premier human pathogen and the most common cause of osteoarticular, wound, and implanted device infections. We recently demonstrated S. aureus efficiently binds the classical complement regulator C4b-binding protein (C4BP) inhibiting antibody-initiated complement-mediated opsonization. Here we identify S. aureus surface protein SdrE as a C4BP-binding protein. Recombinant SdrE and recombinant bone sialoprotein-binding protein (Bbp), an allelic variant of SdrE, both efficiently bound to C4BP in heat-inactivated human serum. We previously described SdrE as binding alternative pathway regulator factor H. Recombinant SdrE and Bbp efficiently bound C4BP and factor H in serum without apparent interference. Gain of function studies utilizing Lactococcus lactis clones expressing SdrE or Bbp increased serum C4BP and factor H binding, compared with empty-vector control (WT) approximately 2-fold. Correspondingly, classical pathway-mediated C3-fragment opsonization and bacterial killing by human neutrophils decreased by half for L. lactis clones expressing SdrE or Bbp compared with WT. In summary, we identify SdrE and allelic variant Bbp as S. aureus surface proteins that bind the complement regulator C4BP inhibiting classical pathway-mediated bacterial opsonization and killing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S Hair
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 855 West Brambleton Avenue, P.O. Box 1980, Norfolk, VA 23501-1980, USA
| | - Caitlin K Foley
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 855 West Brambleton Avenue, P.O. Box 1980, Norfolk, VA 23501-1980, USA
| | - Neel K Krishna
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 West Olney Road, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Julius O Nyalwidhe
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 West Olney Road, Norfolk, VA, USA ; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 651 Colley Avenue, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Joan A Geoghegan
- Department of Microbiology, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Timothy J Foster
- Department of Microbiology, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kenji M Cunnion
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 855 West Brambleton Avenue, P.O. Box 1980, Norfolk, VA 23501-1980, USA ; Children's Specialty Group, 601 Children's Lane, Norfolk, VA, USA ; The Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, 601 Children's Lane, Norfolk, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|