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Gopakumar G, Unger I, Slavíček P, Hergenhahn U, Öhrwall G, Malerz S, Céolin D, Trinter F, Winter B, Wilkinson I, Caleman C, Muchová E, Björneholm O. Radiation damage by extensive local water ionization from two-step electron-transfer-mediated decay of solvated ions. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1408-1414. [PMID: 37620544 PMCID: PMC10533389 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01302-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular radiation damage is largely mediated by radicals and low-energy electrons formed by water ionization rather than by direct ionization of biomolecules. It was speculated that such an extensive, localized water ionization can be caused by ultrafast processes following excitation by core-level ionization of hydrated metal ions. In this model, ions relax via a cascade of local Auger-Meitner and, importantly, non-local charge- and energy-transfer processes involving the water environment. Here, we experimentally and theoretically show that, for solvated paradigmatic intermediate-mass Al3+ ions, electronic relaxation involves two sequential solute-solvent electron transfer-mediated decay processes. The electron transfer-mediated decay steps correspond to sequential relaxation from Al5+ to Al3+ accompanied by formation of four ionized water molecules and two low-energy electrons. Such charge multiplication and the generated highly reactive species are expected to initiate cascades of radical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gopakumar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Unger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- FS-BIG, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - U Hergenhahn
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Öhrwall
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Malerz
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Céolin
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Paris, France
| | - F Trinter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B Winter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - I Wilkinson
- Institute for Electronic Structure Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Caleman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Muchová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - O Björneholm
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Dupuy R, Filser J, Richter C, Buttersack T, Trinter F, Gholami S, Seidel R, Nicolas C, Bozek J, Egger D, Oberhofer H, Thürmer S, Hergenhahn U, Reuter K, Winter B, Bluhm H. Ångstrom-Depth Resolution with Chemical Specificity at the Liquid-Vapor Interface. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:156901. [PMID: 37115858 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.156901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The determination of depth profiles across interfaces is of primary importance in many scientific and technological areas. Photoemission spectroscopy is in principle well suited for this purpose, yet a quantitative implementation for investigations of liquid-vapor interfaces is hindered by the lack of understanding of electron-scattering processes in liquids. Previous studies have shown, however, that core-level photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) are altered by depth-dependent elastic electron scattering and can, thus, reveal information on the depth distribution of species across the interface. Here, we explore this concept further and show that the experimental anisotropy parameter characterizing the PAD scales linearly with the average distance of atoms along the surface normal obtained by molecular dynamics simulations. This behavior can be accounted for in the low-collision-number regime. We also show that results for different atomic species can be compared on the same length scale. We demonstrate that atoms separated by about 1 Å along the surface normal can be clearly distinguished with this method, achieving excellent depth resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dupuy
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, F-75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - J Filser
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Richter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Buttersack
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Trinter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S Gholami
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Seidel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Nicolas
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin-BP 48 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J Bozek
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin-BP 48 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D Egger
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Oberhofer
- Department of Physics, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - S Thürmer
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - U Hergenhahn
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Reuter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Winter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Bluhm
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Winter B, De Vito A, Wulleman P, Belattar A, Inoshita A, Suzuki H, Lee S, Mchachti H, Mauclaire J, Koka V. Oropharyngeal stimulation with the Tongue-Right-Positioner (TRP) device on OSA patients. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Winter B, Schilling J, Bardow A. Physics‐guided machine learning to predict activity coefficients from SMILES. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202255153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Winter
- ETH Zurich MAVT Tannenstr. 3 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - J. Schilling
- ETH Zurich MAVT Tannenstr. 3 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - A. Bardow
- ETH Zurich MAVT Tannenstr. 3 8092 Zurich Switzerland
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Krämer J, Fischer L, Braun CK, Meinhardt M, Henrichs C, Winter B, Kaestner M. [False interpretation of a treatment recommendation given via telephone consultation]. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2021; 170:304-307. [PMID: 34545257 PMCID: PMC8444170 DOI: 10.1007/s00112-021-01315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Krämer
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Eythstr. 24, 89075 Ulm, Deutschland.,Interdisziplinäre Kinderschutzgruppe, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - L Fischer
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Eythstr. 24, 89075 Ulm, Deutschland
| | - C K Braun
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Eythstr. 24, 89075 Ulm, Deutschland
| | - M Meinhardt
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Eythstr. 24, 89075 Ulm, Deutschland
| | - C Henrichs
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum Memmingen, Memmingen, Deutschland
| | - B Winter
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Eythstr. 24, 89075 Ulm, Deutschland.,Interdisziplinäre Kinderschutzgruppe, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - M Kaestner
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Eythstr. 24, 89075 Ulm, Deutschland
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Rahman S, Winter B. Reporting of osteoporotic vertebral fractures on CT – missing the opportunity to prevent further fractures? Clin Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.09.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Winter B, Wendt M, Waldschmidt C, Rozanski M, Kunz A, Geisler F, Grittner U, Kaczmarek S, Ebinger M, Audebert HJ. 4G versus 3G-enabled telemedicine in prehospital acute stroke care. Int J Stroke 2019; 14:620-629. [DOI: 10.1177/1747493019830303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Time to reperfusion treatment is closely related to outcome in ischemic stroke. Prehospital stroke work-up in CT-equipped mobile stroke units is effective in reducing time to thrombolytic treatment. Current evidence predominantly comes from mobile stroke units staffed with neurologists but telemedicine-guided management may be acceptable for providing neurological expertise in ambulances. With unsatisfactory experiences in third-generation (3G)-based approaches, fourth-generation (4G) networks may provide adequate audio-visual quality but systematic comparisons of technological parameters and decision-making are lacking. Methods Trained actors presented stroke symptoms and paramedics assisted the remotely guided extended National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (eNIHSS) assessment on the mobile stroke unit in Berlin, Germany. We compared technical parameters of 4G and 3G connections, assessed audio-visual quality of examination, and analyzed reliability of neurological assessment and treatment decisions made by the remote neurologist versus the mobile stroke unit neurologist. Results 4G and 3G connections were evaluated in 40 scenarios each. Connectivity was not available in 17% of 4G- and 15% of 3G-attempts with 6% simultaneous unavailability of both networks. The remote examiners graded audio and video quality in 4G better than in 3G with slightly shorter assessment duration in 4G (mean: 9 (SD:5) vs. mean 11 (SD:3) min, p = 0.10). Reliability of the eNIHSS sum scores was high with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.987–1.00) for 4G and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96–0.99) for 3G. None of the remote treatment decisions differed from onsite decisions. Conclusions 4G mobile communications provided higher quality of video-examination and allowed reliable remote assessment of stroke symptoms but coverage was still incomplete in both networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Winter
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Klinik für Neurologie, St. Josefs-Krankenhaus Potsdam-Sanssouci, Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Wendt
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Waldschmidt
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Rozanski
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Kunz
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Geisler
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Grittner
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - M Ebinger
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Medical Park Berlin Humboldtmühle, Berlin, Germany
| | - HJ Audebert
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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Burholt V, Morgan DJ, Winter B. THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY TYPE, DISADVANTAGE & COMMUNITY EMBEDDEDNESS IN THE EXPERIENCE OF SOCIAL & EMOTIONAL LONELINESS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V Burholt
- Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - D J Morgan
- Centre for Innovative Ageing, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - B Winter
- Centre for Innovative Ageing, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
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Winter B, Burholt V. Y CYMRY CYMRAEG: PEOPLE, PLACE, LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION – A CASE STUDY OF RURAL-DWELLING OLDER PEOPLE IN WALES. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Winter
- Centre for Innovative Ageing, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - V Burholt
- Centre for Innovative Ageing, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University
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Winter B, Burholt V. THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION FROM SOCIAL RELATIONS ON BELONGING AND SOCIAL COHESION. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Winter
- Centre for Innovative Ageing, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom, 2. Centre for Innovative Ageing, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University
| | - V Burholt
- Centre for Innovative Ageing, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom, 2. Centre for Innovative Ageing, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University
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Notzon S, Vennewald N, Gajewska A, Klahn AL, Diemer J, Winter B, Fohrbeck I, Arolt V, Pauli P, Domschke K, Zwanzger P. Is prepulse modification altered by continuous theta burst stimulation? DAT1 genotype and motor threshold interact on prepulse modification following brain stimulation. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 267:767-779. [PMID: 28337537 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest an inhibitory top-down control of the amygdala by the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Both brain regions play a role in the modulation of prepulse modification (PPM) of the acoustic startle response by a pre-stimulus. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can modulate the activity of the PFC and might thus affect PPM. This study tested the effect of inhibitory rTMS on PPM accounting for a genetic variant of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1). Healthy participants (N = 102) were stimulated with continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS, an intense form of inhibitory rTMS) or sham treatment over the right PFC. Afterwards, during continuous presentation of a background white noise a louder noise burst was presented either alone (control startle) or preceded by a prepulse. Participants were genotyped for a DAT1 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism. Two succeeding sessions of cTBS over the right PFC (2 × 600 stimuli with a time lag of 15 min) attenuated averaged prepulse inhibition (PPI) in participants with a high resting motor threshold. An attenuation of PPI induced by prepulses with great distances to the pulse (480, 2000 ms) was observed following active cTBS in participants that were homozygous carriers of the 10-repeat-allele of the DAT1 genotype and had a high resting motor threshold. Our results confirm the importance of the prefrontal cortex for the modulation of PPM. The effects were observed in participants with a high resting motor threshold only, probably because they received a higher dose of cTBS. The effects in homozygous carriers of the DAT1 10-repeat allele confirm the relevance of dopamine for PPM. Conducting an exploratory study we decided against the use of a correction for multiple testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Notzon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A9, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - N Vennewald
- School of Health, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Leonardo Campus 8, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - A Gajewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A L Klahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A9, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - J Diemer
- kbo-Inn-Salzach-Hospital, Gabersee 7, 83512, Wasserburg am Inn, Germany
| | - B Winter
- Catholic University of Applied Sciences North Rhine-Westphalia, Münster, Piusallee 89, 48147, Münster, Germany
| | - I Fohrbeck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A9, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - V Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A9, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - P Pauli
- Department of Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Marcusstraße 9-11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - K Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Zwanzger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A9, 48149, Münster, Germany
- kbo-Inn-Salzach-Hospital, Gabersee 7, 83512, Wasserburg am Inn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Harris AN, Beatty SS, Estrada AH, Winter B, Bohannon M, Sosa I, Hanscom J, Mainville CA, Gallagher AE. Investigation of an N-Terminal Prohormone of Brain Natriuretic Peptide Point-of-Care ELISA in Clinically Normal Cats and Cats With Cardiac Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:994-999. [PMID: 28617995 PMCID: PMC5508306 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background N‐terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) concentrations may be increased in cats with various cardiac disorders. The point‐of‐care (POC) ELISA assay uses the same biologic reagents as the quantitative NT‐proBNP ELISA. Previous studies have evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the POC ELISA in cats with cardiac disease. Objectives To prospectively evaluate the diagnostic utility of the POC ELISA in a select population of cats. Animals Thirty‐eight client‐owned cats presented to the University of Florida Cardiology Service for cardiac evaluation. Fifteen apparently healthy cats recruited as part of another study. Methods Physical examination and echocardiography were performed in all cats. The POC ELISA was assessed visually as either positive or negative by a reader blinded to the echocardiographic findings, and results were analyzed relative to quantitative assay results. Results Twenty‐six cats were diagnosed with underlying cardiac disease, and 27 cats were considered free of cardiac disease. Cats with cardiac disease included: 21 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 2 with unclassified cardiomyopathy, 2 with restrictive cardiomyopathy, and 1 with 3rd degree atrioventricular (AV) block. The POC ELISA differentiated cats with cardiac disease with a sensitivity of 65.4% and specificity of 100%. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The POC NT‐proBNP ELISA performed moderately well in a selected population of cats. A negative test result cannot exclude the presence of underlying cardiac disease, and a positive test result indicates that cardiac disease likely is present, but further diagnostic investigation would be indicated for a definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Harris
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - S S Beatty
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - A H Estrada
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - B Winter
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - M Bohannon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - I Sosa
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - J Hanscom
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc, Westbrook, ME
| | | | - A E Gallagher
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Shen L, Estrada A, Côté E, Powell M, Winter B, Lamb K. Aortoseptal angle and pressure gradient reduction following balloon valvuloplasty in dogs with severe subaortic stenosis. J Vet Cardiol 2017; 19:144-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Harris AN, Estrada AH, Gallagher AE, Winter B, Lamb KE, Bohannon M, Hanscom J, Mainville CA. Biologic variability of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in adult healthy cats. J Feline Med Surg 2016; 19:216-223. [PMID: 26767980 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x15623825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The biologic variability of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and its impact on diagnostic utility is unknown in healthy cats and those with cardiac disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the biologic variation of NT-proBNP within-day and week-to-week in healthy adult cats. Methods Adult cats were prospectively evaluated by complete blood count (CBC), biochemistry, total thyroxine, echocardiography, electrocardiography and blood pressure, to exclude underlying systemic or cardiac disease. Adult healthy cats were enrolled and blood samples were obtained at 11 time points over a 6 week period (0, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h and at weeks 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6). The intra-individual (coefficient of variation [CVI]) biologic variation along with index of individuality and reference change values (RCVs) were calculated. Univariate models were analyzed and included comparison of the six different time points for both daily and weekly samples. This was followed by a Tukey's post-hoc adjustment, with a P value of <0.05 being significant. Results The median daily and weekly CVI for the population were 13.1% (range 0-28.7%) and 21.2% (range 3.9-68.1%), respectively. The index of individuality was 0.99 and 1 for daily and weekly samples, respectively. The median daily and weekly RCVs for the population were 39.8% (range 17.0-80.5%) and 60.5% (range 20.1-187.8%), respectively. Conclusions and relevance This study demonstrates high individual variability for NT-proBNP concentrations in a population of adult healthy cats. Further research is warranted to evaluate NT-proBNP variability, particularly how serial measurements of NT-proBNP may be used in the diagnosis and management of cats with cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn N Harris
- 1 Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Amara H Estrada
- 1 Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexander E Gallagher
- 1 Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brandy Winter
- 1 Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Mary Bohannon
- 1 Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Akdas T, Walter J, Segets D, Distaso M, Winter B, Birajdar B, Spiecker E, Peukert W. Investigation of the size-property relationship in CuInS2 quantum dots. Nanoscale 2015; 7:18105-18. [PMID: 26469399 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04291g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work we investigated fundamental properties of CuInS2 quantum dots in dependence of the particle size distribution (PSD). Size-selective precipitation (SSP) with acetone as poor solvent was performed as an adequate post-processing step. Our results provide deep insight into the correlation between particle size and various optical characteristics as bandgap energy, absorption and emission features and the broadness of the emission signal. These structure-property relationships are only achieved due to the unique combination of different analytical techniques. Our study reveals that the removal of 10 wt% of smallest particles from the feed results in an enhancement of the emission signal. This improvement is ascribed to a decreased quenching of the emission in larger particles. Our results reveal the impact of PSDs on the properties and the performance of an ensemble of multicomponent QDs and anticipate the high potential of controlling PSDs by well-developed post-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akdas
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - J Walter
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - D Segets
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - M Distaso
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - B Winter
- Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - B Birajdar
- Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - E Spiecker
- Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - W Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Mason PH, Domínguez D JF, Winter B, Grignolio A. Hidden in plain view: degeneracy in complex systems. Biosystems 2014; 128:1-8. [PMID: 25543071 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Degeneracy is a word with two meanings. The popular usage of the word denotes deviance and decay. In scientific discourse, degeneracy refers to the idea that different pathways can lead to the same output. In the biological sciences, the concept of degeneracy has been ignored for a few key reasons. Firstly, the word "degenerate" in popular culture has negative, emotionally powerful associations that do not inspire scientists to consider its technical meaning. Secondly, the tendency of searching for single causes of natural and social phenomena means that scientists can overlook the multi-stranded relationships between cause and effect. Thirdly, degeneracy and redundancy are often confused with each other. Degeneracy refers to dissimilar structures that are functionally similar while redundancy refers to identical structures. Degeneracy can give rise to novelty in ways that redundancy cannot. From genetic codes to immunology, vaccinology and brain development, degeneracy is a crucial part of how complex systems maintain their functional integrity. This review article discusses how the scientific concept of degeneracy was imported into genetics from physics and was later introduced to immunology and neuroscience. Using examples of degeneracy in immunology, neuroscience and linguistics, we demonstrate that degeneracy is a useful way of understanding how complex systems function. Reviewing the history and theoretical scope of degeneracy allows its usefulness to be better appreciated, its coherency to be further developed, and its application to be more quickly realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Mason
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, 2037 NSW, Australia.
| | - J F Domínguez D
- Experimental Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - B Winter
- Cognitive and Information Sciences, University of California, Merced 5200 North Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - A Grignolio
- Section and Museum of History of Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", viale dell'Università, 34a 00185 Rome, Italy
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Landwehr J, Fader R, Rumler M, Rommel M, Bauer AJ, Frey L, Simon B, Fodor B, Petrik P, Schiener A, Winter B, Spiecker E. Optical polymers with tunable refractive index for nanoimprint technologies. Nanotechnology 2014; 25:505301. [PMID: 25427225 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/50/505301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to realize a versatile high throughput production of micro-optical elements, UV-curable polymer composites containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles were prepared and characterized. The composites are based on an industrial prototype epoxy polymer. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm were synthesized by the nonaqueous sol method and in situ sterically stabilized by three different organic surfactants. The composites exhibit high transparency. Distinct alteration of optical transmission properties for visible light and near IR wavelength range could be avoided by adaption of the stabilizing organic surfactant. Most importantly, the refractive index (RI) of the composites that depends on the fraction of incorporated inorganic nanoparticles could be directly tuned. E.g. the RI at a wavelength of 635 nm of a composite containing 23 wt% titanium dioxide nanoparticles is increased to 1.626, with respect to a value of 1.542 for the pure polymer. Furthermore, it could be demonstrated that the prepared inorganic-organic nanocomposites are well suited for the direct fabrication of low-cost micro-optical elements by nanoimprint lithography. A low response of the optical composite properties to temperature treatment up to 220 °C with a shrinkage of only about 4% ensures its application for integrated micro-optical elements in industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Landwehr
- Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology (IISB), Erlangen, 91058, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Finn
- NHS England, Skipton House, London SE1 6LH, UK
| | - C Smith
- NHS England, Skipton House, London SE1 6LH, UK
| | - S Ghafur
- NHS England, Skipton House, London SE1 6LH, UK
| | - A Zarkali
- NHS England, Skipton House, London SE1 6LH, UK
| | - K Adlington
- NHS England, Skipton House, London SE1 6LH, UK
| | - B Winter
- NHS England, Skipton House, London SE1 6LH, UK
| | - B E Keogh
- NHS England, Skipton House, London SE1 6LH, UK
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20
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Halford E, Winter B, Mills MD, Thompson SP, Parr V, John JJ, Nomerotski A, Vallance C, Turchetta R, Brouard M. Modifications to a commercially available linear mass spectrometer for mass-resolved microscopy with the pixel imaging mass spectrometry (PImMS) camera. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2014; 28:1649-1657. [PMID: 24975244 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Imaging mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique capable of accessing a large volume of spatially resolved, chemical data from two-dimensional samples. Probing the entire surface of a sample simultaneously requires a detector with high spatial and temporal resolutions, and the ability to observe events relating to different mass-to-charge ratios. METHODS A commercially available time-of-flight mass spectrometer, designed for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) analysis, was combined with the novel pixel imaging mass spectrometry (PImMS) camera in order to perform multi-mass, microscope-mode imaging experiments. A number of minor modifications were made to the spectrometer hardware and ion optics so that spatial imaging was achieved for a number of small molecules. RESULTS It was shown that a peak width of Δm50 % < 1 m/z unit across the range 200 ≤ m/z ≤ 800 can be obtained while also achieving an optimum spatial resolution of 25 µm. It was further shown that these data were obtained simultaneously for all analytes present without the need to scan the experimental parameters. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the capability of multi-mass, microscope-mode imaging to reduce the acquisition time of spatially distributed analytes such as multi-arrays or biological tissue sections. It also shows that such an instrument can be commissioned by effecting relatively minor modifications to a conventional commercial machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Halford
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
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Abstract
Abstract
For the binary liquid systems formic acid + acetic acid, formic acid + propionic acid, and acetic acid + propionic acid, we give the results of new calorimetric measurements of the molar excess enthalpy H̄E at 25 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C, and 60°C, covering the entire range of compositions. H̄E is always positive, increases linearly with the temperature, and is slightly asymmetric with respect to the mole fraction x. The composition at the maximum of the function H̄E(x) is independent of the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Haase
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen
| | - H.-J. Jansen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen
| | - B. Winter
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Bokarev
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, D-18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Dantz
- Joint Ultrafast Dynamics Lab in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany and Freie Universität Berlin, FB Physik, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Suljoti
- Joint Ultrafast Dynamics Lab in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany and Freie Universität Berlin, FB Physik, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Atak
- Joint Ultrafast Dynamics Lab in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany and Freie Universität Berlin, FB Physik, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Winter
- Joint Ultrafast Dynamics Lab in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - O Kühn
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, D-18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - E F Aziz
- Joint Ultrafast Dynamics Lab in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany and Freie Universität Berlin, FB Physik, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Winter B, King SJ, Brouard M, Vallance C. A fast microchannel plate-scintillator detector for velocity map imaging and imaging mass spectrometry. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:023306. [PMID: 24593353 DOI: 10.1063/1.4866647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The time resolution achievable using standard position-sensitive ion detectors, consisting of a chevron pair of microchannel plates coupled to a phosphor screen, is primarily limited by the emission lifetime of the phosphor, around 70 ns for the most commonly used P47 phosphor. We demonstrate that poly-para-phenylene laser dyes may be employed extremely effectively as scintillators, exhibiting higher brightness and much shorter decay lifetimes than P47. We provide an extensive characterisation of the properties of such scintillators, with a particular emphasis on applications in velocity-map imaging and microscope-mode imaging mass spectrometry. The most promising of the new scintillators exhibits an electron-to-photon conversion efficiency double that of P47, with an emission lifetime an order of magnitude shorter. The new scintillator screens are vacuum stable and show no signs of signal degradation even over longer periods of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - S J King
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - M Brouard
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Vallance
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Messner B, Frotschnig S, Steinacher-Nigisch A, Winter B, Eichmair E, Gebetsberger J, Schwaiger S, Ploner C, Laufer G, Bernhard D. Apoptosis and necrosis: two different outcomes of cigarette smoke condensate-induced endothelial cell death. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e424. [PMID: 23152060 PMCID: PMC3542598 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is one of the most important and preventable risk factors for atherosclerosis. However, because of the complex composition of cigarette smoke, the detailed pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Based on controversial reports on the pro-atherogenic activity of cigarette smoke condensate, also called tar fraction (CSC), we decided to analyse the effects of CSC on the viability of endothelial cells in vitro. The results of this study show that low concentrations of the hydrophobic tar fraction induces DNA damage resulting in a P53-dependent and BCL-XL-inhibitable death cascade. Western blot analyses showed that this cascade is caspase-independent and immunofluorescence analysis have shown that the apoptotic death signalling is mediated by the release of apoptosis-inducing factor. Higher CSC concentrations also induce apoptotic-like signalling but the signalling cascade is then redirected to necrosis. Despite the fact that CSC induces a profound increase in cellular reactive oxygen species production, antioxidants exhibit only a minimal cell death protective effect. Our data indicates that not only hydrophilic constituents of cigarette smoke extract, but also CSC is harmful to endothelial cells. The mode and the outcome of CSC-induced cell death signalling are highly concentration dependent: lower concentrations induce caspase-independent apoptosis-like cell death, whereas incubation with higher concentrations interrupts apoptotic signalling and induces necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Messner
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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25
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Campbell EK, Alekseyev AB, Balint-Kurti GG, Brouard M, Brown A, Buenker RJ, Johnsen AJ, Kokh DB, Lucas S, Winter B. The vibrationally mediated photodissociation of Cl2. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:124310. [PMID: 23020334 DOI: 10.1063/1.4754160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The photodissociation of vibrationally excited Cl(2)(v = 1) has been investigated experimentally using the velocity mapped ion imaging technique. The experimental measurements presented here are compared with the results of time-dependent wavepacket calculations performed on a set of ab initio potential energy curves. The high level calculations allow prediction of all the dynamical information regarding the dissociation, including electronic polarization effects. Using a combination of theory and experiment it was found that there was negligible cooling of the vibrational degree of freedom of the parent molecule in the molecular beam. The results presented are compared with those following the photodissociation of Cl(2)(v = 0). Although the same electronic states are found to be important for Cl(2)(v = 1) as for Cl(2)(v = 0), significant differences were found regarding many of the observables. The overall level of agreement between theory and experiment was found to be reasonable and confirms previous assignments of the photodissociation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Campbell
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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26
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Abstract
Craniosynostosis is a complex condition, characterized by the premature fusion of one of more of the cranial sutures. They can be seen individually or as part of multisystem syndromes. This review uses computed tomography (CT) with three-dimensional reconstructions to help describe some of the types and classifications of craniosynostosis, as well as describing some of the associations and the management of craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nagaraja
- Department of Neuroradiology, John Radcliffe Hospitals, Headington, Oxford, UK
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27
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Krippeit-Drews P, Schönecker S, Winter B, Edalat A, Düfer M, Guenther E, Kraushaar U, Drews G. Ein SOD-Mimetikum schützt beta-Zellen vor oxidativem Stress. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Campbell EK, Alekseyev AB, Balint-Kurti GG, Brouard M, Brown A, Buenker RJ, Cireasa R, Gilchrist AJ, Johnsen AJ, Kokh DB, Lucas S, Ritchie GAD, Sharples TR, Winter B. Electronic polarization effects in the photodissociation of Cl2. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:164311. [PMID: 22559486 DOI: 10.1063/1.4704830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Velocity mapped ion imaging and resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight methods have been used to investigate the photodissociation dynamics of the diatomic molecule Cl(2) following excitation to the first UV absorption band. The experimental results presented here are compared with high level time dependent wavepacket calculations performed on a set of ab initio potential energy curves [D. B. Kokh, A. B. Alekseyev, and R. J. Buenker, J. Chem. Phys. 120, 11549 (2004)]. The theoretical calculations provide the first determination of all dynamical information regarding the dissociation of a system of this complexity, including angular momentum polarization. Both low rank K = 1, 2 and high rank K = 3 electronic polarization are predicted to be important for dissociation into both asymptotic product channels and, in general, good agreement is found between the recent theory and the measurements made here, which include the first experimental determination of high rank K = 3 orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Campbell
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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Pokapanich W, Ottosson N, Svensson S, Ohrwall G, Winter B, Björneholm O. Bond Breaking, Electron Pushing, and Proton Pulling: Active and Passive Roles in the Interaction between Aqueous Ions and Water as Manifested in the O 1s Auger Decay. J Phys Chem B 2011; 116:3-8. [PMID: 22107172 DOI: 10.1021/jp2041247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Pokapanich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Winter B, Prell T, Axer H, Witte O, Grosskreutz J. Acute Disturbance of Axonal Excitability after controlled Alcohol Intake. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1251021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Flöel A, Ruscheweyh R, Krüger K, Willemer C, Winter B, Völker K, Lohmann H, Zitzmann M, Mooren F, Breitenstein C, Knecht S. Physical activity and memory functions: Are neurotrophins and cerebral gray matter volume the missing link? Neuroimage 2010; 49:2756-63. [PMID: 19853041 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Liman T, Winter B, Endres M. STROKENET – implementation of telemedical stroke networks in Berlin. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schuler M, Winter B, Eichmair E, Nigisch A, Mohl W, Weigel G. Soluble plasma factors derived from ischemic, PICSO-treated, porcine hearts are not responsible for HO-1 and VEGF mRNA expression in endothelial cells. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2007; 119:30. [PMID: 19618599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Schuler
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Sievert K, Winter B, Stenzl A. Reconstructive urology. Int Braz J Urol 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-55382006000500022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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35
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Heukelbach J, Poggensee G, Winter B, Wilcke T, Kerr-Pontes LRS, Feldmeier H. Leukocytosis and blood eosinophilia in a polyparasitised population in north-eastern Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2006; 100:32-40. [PMID: 16183089 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2005] [Revised: 06/09/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that leukocytosis and blood eosinophilia are common in the tropical environment, but data derived from population-based studies are scarce. A study was undertaken in a fishing village in north-east Brazil where both intestinal helminthiases and parasitic skin diseases are common. Of 409 individuals studied, 128 (31.3%) were infected with one intestinal helminth or ectoparasite species, 93 (22.7%) with two, 61 (14.9%) with three, 25 (6.1%) with four and 11 (2.7%) with more than four species; no parasites were found in 91 (22.2%) individuals. Leukocyte counts ranged between 3,300 cells/microl and 16,100 cells/microl (median, 7,200 cells/microl) and eosinophil counts between 40 cells/microl and 5,460 cells/microl (median, 455 cells/microl). Eosinophilia (>500/microl) was detected in 44.7% of the individuals, and hypereosinophilia (>1,000/microl) in 12.9%. Thirty-six (8.8%) individuals showed leukocytosis. While 75% of individuals with normal eosinophil counts were considered parasite-free, only 14% with eosinophilia and 11% with hypereosinophilia did not have enteroparasites or ectoparasites. Multivariate regression showed that the probability of eosinophilia and hypereosinophilia, but not of leukocytosis, increased with the number of parasite species present. The data show that eosinophilia occurs in almost one-half of the individuals from a resource-poor setting and that it is significantly associated with the presence of intestinal helminths, but not with the presence of ectoparasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Heukelbach
- Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Prof. Costa Mendes 1608 - 5 andar, Fortaleza, CE 60430-140, Brazil.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediculosis capitis and scabies are common parasitic skin diseases, especially in resource-poor communities, but data on epidemiology and morbidity are scanty. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence, seasonal variation and morbidity of pediculosis capitis and scabies in poor neighbourhoods in north-east Brazil. METHODS The study comprised cross-sectional surveys of a representative population of an urban slum (n = 1460) in Fortaleza, the capital of Ceará State (Brazil) and a fishing community 60 km south of the city (n = 605). Study participants were examined for the presence of scabies and pediculosis capitis. In a longitudinal study in the slum, variation of prevalence in different seasons of the year was assessed. RESULTS Prevalence of pediculosis capitis was 43.4% in the slum and 28.1% in the fishing community. Children aged 10-14 years and females were most frequently affected. Scabies was present in 8.8% of the population in the slum and in 3.8% of the population in the fishing community. There was no consistent pattern of age distribution. Superinfection was common in patients with scabies, and cervical lymphadenopathy in patients with pediculosis capitis. Multivariate analysis showed that age < or = 15 years, being of female sex and living in the urban slum were independent factors contributing to the simultaneous coinfestation with pediculosis capitis and scabies. The longitudinal data from the urban slum showed a characteristic seasonal variation of pediculosis capitis, but no fluctuation of scabies. CONCLUSIONS Pediculosis capitis and scabies are hyperendemic in the study areas and are associated with considerable morbidity. There is an urgent need to develop control measures for these parasitic skin diseases in resource-poor communities. This is the first community-based study describing in detail the epidemiology and morbidity of scabies and head lice infestation in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Heukelbach
- Departamento de Saúde Comunitária, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Prof. Costa Mendes 1608-5 andar, Fortaleza, CE 60430-140, Brazil.
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Abstract
Photoemission measurements were performed on a series of stepwise benzoannelated zinc porphyrazine molecules in thin films. The electronic structure of tert-butyl-substituted zinc tetraazaporphyrin, phthalocyanine, and naphthalocyanine is investigated using mainly EUV synchrotron radiation. A detailed analysis of the zinc satellites in the spectra of the valence region is performed in an attempt to infer the effect of ligand size extension on the metal-ligand interactions. No differences in the character of the bond between zinc and ligand were detected as a function of ligand size. The results are compared with those for the respective metal-free and copper-containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pop
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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Revitt DM, Shutes RBE, Jones RH, Forshaw M, Winter B. The performances of vegetative treatment systems for highway runoff during dry and wet conditions. Sci Total Environ 2004; 334-335:261-270. [PMID: 15504513 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The performances of two different highway runoff treatment systems, a horizontal subsurface flow-constructed wetland and a vegetated balancing pond, are described. Both systems have been assessed by collecting inlet and outlet grab samples during wet and dry weather conditions, and automatically controlled storm event samples have been obtained for the constructed wetland. Removal efficiencies are discussed for BOD (grab samples only), suspended solids, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, nitrate and sulphate, and explanations are offered for the trends observed under different weather conditions. The large variabilities in the removal efficiencies derived for both treatment systems, based on the analyses of grab samples, make accurate comparisons of the performances difficult and also raise concerns about using this type of sampling approach for this purpose. Treatment systems are required to function satisfactorily during the increased inlet loadings experienced during storm events, and this is shown to be the case for the constructed wetland for the majority of the monitored pollutants. The large removal efficiency ranges for five separate storm events, exhibited by Cu and Pb, are discussed and compared to the other monitored pollutants which showed positive median wet weather removal efficiencies of between 43% and 85%. Despite the existence of performance fluctuations, the generally low monitored inlet concentrations in the highway runoff indicated that the pond discharges did not threaten the environmental quality of the receiving waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Revitt
- Urban Pollution Research Centre, Middlesex University, Queensway, Enfield, Middlesex, EN3 4SA, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Pop
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B. Winter
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - W. Freyer
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Weber
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - W. Widdra
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - I. V. Hertel
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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Winter B, Lanvers-Kaminsky C, Koling S, Frodermann B, Braun Y, Schäfer KL, Diallo RI, Könemann S, Boos J, Willich N, Poremba C, Schuck A. Doxorubicin reduces telomerase activity in a human Ewing-Xenograft tumor. Klin Padiatr 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-828601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Weber R, Winter B, Schmidt PM, Widdra W, Hertel IV, Dittmar M, Faubel M. Photoemission from Aqueous Alkali-Metal−Iodide Salt Solutions Using EUV Synchrotron Radiation. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030776x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Winter B, Weber R, Widdra W, Dittmar M, Faubel M, Hertel IV. Full Valence Band Photoemission from Liquid Water Using EUV Synchrotron Radiation. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030263q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Winter
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straβe 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strömungsforschung, Bunsenstraβe 10, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - R. Weber
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straβe 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strömungsforschung, Bunsenstraβe 10, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - W. Widdra
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straβe 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strömungsforschung, Bunsenstraβe 10, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - M. Dittmar
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straβe 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strömungsforschung, Bunsenstraβe 10, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - M. Faubel
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straβe 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strömungsforschung, Bunsenstraβe 10, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - I. V. Hertel
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straβe 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strömungsforschung, Bunsenstraβe 10, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Gertz K, Laufs U, Winter B, Kronenberg G, Harms C, Katchanov J, Schröck H, Nickenig G, Kuschinsky W, Dirnagl U, Priller J, Endres M. Regelmäßige körperliche Aktivtität induziert Neo-Vaskularisation, steigert Kapillardichte und zerebralen Blutfluss und schützt vor zerebraler Ischämie. Akt Neurol 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-832956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Winter B, Juckel G, Hörtnagl H, Endres M. Neuropsychologische und -psychiatrische Veränderungen nach milder zerebraler Ischämie. Akt Neurol 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-832990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Pop
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Institut für Atomare Physik und Fachdidaktik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - B. Winter
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Institut für Atomare Physik und Fachdidaktik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - W. Freyer
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Institut für Atomare Physik und Fachdidaktik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - I. V. Hertel
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Institut für Atomare Physik und Fachdidaktik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - W. Widdra
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Institut für Atomare Physik und Fachdidaktik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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Weber R, Winter B, Hertel IV, Stiller B, Schrader S, Brehmer L, Koch N. Photoemission from Azobenzene Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0226681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - N. Koch
- Institut für Physik, Physik von Makromolekülen, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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Beck M, Stiel H, Leupold D, Winter B, Pop D, Vogt U, Spitz C. Evaluation of the energetic position of the lowest excited singlet state of beta-carotene by NEXAFS and photoemission spectroscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1506:260-7. [PMID: 11779559 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(01)00226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In carotenoids the lowest energetic optical transition belonging to the pi-electron system is forbidden by symmetry, therefore the energetic position of the S(1) (2(1)A(g)) level can hardly be assessed by optical spectroscopy. We introduce a novel experimental approach: For molecules with pi-electron systems the transition C1s-->2p(pi*) from inner-atomic to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) appears in X-ray absorption near edge spectra (NEXAFS) as an intense, sharp peak a few eV below the carbon K-edge. Whereas the peak position reflects the energy of the first excited singlet state in relation to the ionization potential of the molecule, intensity and width of the transition depend on hybridization and bonding partners of the selected atom. Complementary information can be obtained from ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS): At the low binding energy site of the spectrum a peak related to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) appears. We have measured NEXAFS and UPS of beta-carotene. Based on these measurements and quantum chemical calculations the HOMO and LUMO energies can be derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beck
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Str. 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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Winter B. [Not Available]. Abh Gesch Med Naturwiss 2001:470-90. [PMID: 11619564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Jozkowicz A, Dulak J, Prager M, Nanobashvili J, Nigisch A, Winter B, Weigel G, Huk I. Prostaglandin-J2 induces synthesis of interleukin-8 by endothelial cells in a PPAR-gamma-independent manner. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2001; 66:165-77. [PMID: 11577781 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-6980(01)00155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PPARgamma is a transcription factor of nuclear receptor superfamily, involved in the regulation of inflammation. We investigated the influence of PPARgamma-ligands, 15-deoxy-delta12,14 prostaglandin-J2 (15d-PGJ2), and ciglitazone, on the generation of interleukin-8 (IL-8) by the human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC- 1). Expression of PPARgamma in HMEC-1 was confirmed by RT-PCR. Both PPARgamma-ligands tested induced the activation of PPAR, but the potency of ciglitazone was higher, as evidenced by luciferase assay. Resting HMEC-1 released about 150 pg/ml of IL-8 protein. Treatment with LPS increased the IL-8 secretion up to 1 ng/ml. 15d-PGJ2 potently and dose-dependently increased both the steady-state and LPS-induced generation of IL-8 mRNA and IL-8 protein. In contrast, neither basal nor LPS-elicited expression of IL-8 was influenced by ciglitazone. We conclude, that 15d-PGJ2 is a potent inducer of IL-8 production and can be a mediator of inflammatory response, but this effect is independent of PPARgamma activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jozkowicz
- Department of Vascular Surgery, AKH, University of Vienna, Austria.
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Shutes RB, Revitt DM, Scholes LN, Forshaw M, Winter B. An experimental constructed wetland system for the treatment of highway runoff in the UK. Water Sci Technol 2001; 44:571-578. [PMID: 11804152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper compares the performance of an experimental highway runoff treatment system, incorporating a subsurface flow constructed wetland, with that of a vegetated balancing pond. Both systems are located on the same major road in the UK which opened in November 1998. Copper, chromium and nickel total aqueous metal concentrations, although low, have been consistently removed (maximum efficiencies of 67.3, 69.8 and 87.0% respectively in the constructed wetland), particularly in the summer. Zinc showed the highest aqueous metal concentrations and the generally positive removal by the constructed wetland system (maximum efficiency of 60.6%) correlates with the expected metal uptake by Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis. Sediment levels for these metals and for lead progressively decreased over the one year monitoring period. For the two storm events monitored in the constructed wetland system, all metals showed evidence of removal (removal efficiencies of 24.2 to 99.4%) except for copper. Lead and cadmium demonstrated the highest removal efficiencies followed by nickel and zinc. For both storms, the wetland acted as a source of copper (removal efficiencies of -88.4 to -97.1%), which may be explained by the die-back of aquatic plants and consequent release of organically bound copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Shutes
- Urban Pollution Research Centre, Middlesex University, London, UK
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