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Yin R, Noble BC, He F, Zolotavin P, Rathore H, Jin Y, Sevilla N, Xie C, Luan L. Chronic co-implantation of ultraflexible neural electrodes and a cranial window. Neurophotonics 2022; 9:032204. [PMID: 35036472 PMCID: PMC8756486 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.3.032204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Electrophysiological recording and optical imaging are two prevalent neurotechnologies with complementary strengths, the combined application of which can significantly improve our capacity in deciphering neural circuits. Flexible electrode arrays can support longitudinal optical imaging in the same brain region, but their mechanical flexibility makes surgical preparation challenging. Here, we provide a step-by-step protocol by which an ultraflexible nanoelectronic thread is co-implanted with a cranial window in a single surgery to enable chronic, dual-modal measurements. Aim: The method uses 1 - μ m -thick polymer neural electrodes which conform to the site of implantation. The mechanical flexibility of the probe allows bending without breaking and enables long-lasting electrophysiological recordings of single-unit activities and concurrent, high-resolution optical imaging through the cranial window. Approach: The protocol describes methods and procedures to co-implant an ultraflexible electrode array and a glass cranial window in the mouse neocortex. The implantation strategy includes temporary attachment of flexible electrodes to a retractable tungsten-microwire insertion shuttle, craniotomy, stereotaxic insertion of the electrode array, skull fixation of the cranial window and electrode, and installation of a head plate. Results: The resultant implant allows simultaneous interrogation of brain activity both electrophysiologically and optically for several months. Importantly, a variety of optical imaging modalities, including wide-field fluorescent imaging, two-photon microscopy, and functional optical imaging, can be readily applied to the specific brain region where ultraflexible electrodes record from. Conclusions: The protocol describes a method for co-implantation of ultraflexible neural electrodes and a cranial window for chronic, multimodal measurements of brain activity in mice. Device preparation and surgical implantation are described in detail to guide the adaptation of these methods for other flexible neural implants and cranial windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkang Yin
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
- Rice University, Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Brian C. Noble
- Rice University, Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Houston, Texas, United States
- Rice University, Applied Physics Graduate Program, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Fei He
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
- Rice University, Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Pavlo Zolotavin
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
- Rice University, Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Haad Rathore
- Rice University, Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Houston, Texas, United States
- Rice University, Applied Physics Graduate Program, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yifu Jin
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
- Rice University, Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Nicole Sevilla
- Rice University, Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Houston, Texas, United States
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Chong Xie
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
- Rice University, Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Houston, Texas, United States
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Lan Luan
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
- Rice University, Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Houston, Texas, United States
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston, Texas, United States
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Braterman PS, Heath GA, MacKenzie AJ, Noble BC, Peacock RD, Yellowlees LJ. Solution structure and properties of the [(2,2'-bipyridinyl-C3,N')bis(2,2'-bipyridine-N,N')iridium(III)](2+) hydrate ion, "pseudo-[Ir(bpy)3(OH)]2+". Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00189a032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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