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Curry CW, Sturgeon SM, O'Grady BJ, Yates A, Kjar A, Paige H, Mowery LS, Katdare KA, Patel R, Mlouk K, Stiefbold MR, Vafaie-Partin S, Kawabata A, McKee R, Moore-Lotridge S, Hawkes A, Kusunose J, Gibson-Corley KN, Schmeckpeper J, Schoenecker JG, Caskey CF, Lippmann ES. Growth factor free, peptide-functionalized gelatin hydrogel promotes arteriogenesis and attenuates tissue damage in a murine model of critical limb ischemia. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122397. [PMID: 37979513 PMCID: PMC10843678 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) occurs when blood flow is restricted through the arteries, resulting in ulcers, necrosis, and chronic wounds in the downstream extremities. The development of collateral arterioles (i.e. arteriogenesis), either by remodeling of pre-existing vascular networks or de novo growth of new vessels, can prevent or reverse ischemic damage, but it remains challenging to stimulate collateral arteriole development in a therapeutic context. Here, we show that a gelatin-based hydrogel, devoid of growth factors or encapsulated cells, promotes arteriogenesis and attenuates tissue damage in a murine CLI model. The gelatin hydrogel is functionalized with a peptide derived from the extracellular epitope of Type 1 cadherins. Mechanistically, these "GelCad" hydrogels promote arteriogenesis by recruiting smooth muscle cells to vessel structures in both ex vivo and in vivo assays. In a murine femoral artery ligation model of CLI, delivery of in situ crosslinking GelCad hydrogels was sufficient to restore limb perfusion and maintain tissue health for 14 days, whereas mice treated with gelatin hydrogels had extensive necrosis and autoamputated within 7 days. A small cohort of mice receiving the GelCad hydrogels were aged out to 5 months and exhibited no decline in tissue quality, indicating durability of the collateral arteriole networks. Overall, given the simplicity and off-the-shelf format of the GelCad hydrogel platform, we suggest it could have utility for CLI treatment and potentially other indications that would benefit from arteriole development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne W Curry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah M Sturgeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brian J O'Grady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexis Yates
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew Kjar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hayden Paige
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lucas S Mowery
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ketaki A Katdare
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Riya Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kate Mlouk
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Madison R Stiefbold
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sidney Vafaie-Partin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Atsuyuki Kawabata
- Department of Orthopedics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel McKee
- Department of Orthopedics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Adrienne Hawkes
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jiro Kusunose
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katherine N Gibson-Corley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Comparative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey Schmeckpeper
- Department of Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Charles F Caskey
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ethan S Lippmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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2
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O'Grady BJ, Geuy MD, Kim H, Balotin KM, Allchin ER, Florian DC, Bute NN, Scott TE, Lowen GB, Fricker CM, Fitzgerald ML, Guelcher SA, Wikswo JP, Bellan LM, Lippmann ES. Rapid prototyping of cell culture microdevices using parylene-coated 3D prints. Lab Chip 2021; 21:4814-4822. [PMID: 34787148 PMCID: PMC8717820 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00744k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of microfluidic devices by photolithography generally requires specialized training and access to a cleanroom. As an alternative, 3D printing enables cost-effective fabrication of microdevices with complex features that would be suitable for many biomedical applications. However, commonly used resins are cytotoxic and unsuitable for devices involving cells. Furthermore, 3D prints are generally refractory to elastomer polymerization such that they cannot be used as master molds for fabricating devices from polymers (e.g. polydimethylsiloxane, or PDMS). Different post-print treatment strategies, such as heat curing, ultraviolet light exposure, and coating with silanes, have been explored to overcome these obstacles, but none have proven universally effective. Here, we show that deposition of a thin layer of parylene, a polymer commonly used for medical device applications, renders 3D prints biocompatible and allows them to be used as master molds for elastomeric device fabrication. When placed in culture dishes containing human neurons, regardless of resin type, uncoated 3D prints leached toxic material to yield complete cell death within 48 hours, whereas cells exhibited uniform viability and healthy morphology out to 21 days if the prints were coated with parylene. Diverse PDMS devices of different shapes and sizes were easily cast from parylene-coated 3D printed molds without any visible defects. As a proof-of-concept, we rapid prototyped and tested different types of PDMS devices, including triple chamber perfusion chips, droplet generators, and microwells. Overall, we suggest that the simplicity and reproducibility of this technique will make it attractive for fabricating traditional microdevices and rapid prototyping new designs. In particular, by minimizing user intervention on the fabrication and post-print treatment steps, our strategy could help make microfluidics more accessible to the biomedical research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J O'Grady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Michael D Geuy
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hyosung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Kylie M Balotin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Everett R Allchin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - David C Florian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Neelansh N Bute
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Taylor E Scott
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Gregory B Lowen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Colin M Fricker
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Scott A Guelcher
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - John P Wikswo
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leon M Bellan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ethan S Lippmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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O'Grady BJ, Balotin KM, Bosworth AM, McClatchey PM, Weinstein RM, Gupta M, Poole KS, Bellan LM, Lippmann ES. Development of an N-Cadherin Biofunctionalized Hydrogel to Support the Formation of Synaptically Connected Neural Networks. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5811-5822. [PMID: 33320550 PMCID: PMC7791574 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In vitro models of the human central nervous system (CNS), particularly those derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are becoming increasingly recognized as useful complements to animal models for studying neurological diseases and developing therapeutic strategies. However, many current three-dimensional (3D) CNS models suffer from deficits that limit their research utility. In this work, we focused on improving the interactions between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and iPSC-derived neurons to support model development. The most common ECMs used to fabricate 3D CNS models often lack the necessary bioinstructive cues to drive iPSC-derived neurons to a mature and synaptically connected state. These ECMs are also typically difficult to pattern into complex structures due to their mechanical properties. To address these issues, we functionalized gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) with an N-cadherin (Cad) extracellular peptide epitope to create a biomaterial termed GelMA-Cad. After photopolymerization, GelMA-Cad forms soft hydrogels (on the order of 2 kPa) that can maintain patterned architectures. The N-cadherin functionality promotes survival and maturation of single-cell suspensions of iPSC-derived glutamatergic neurons into synaptically connected networks as determined by viral tracing and electrophysiology. Immunostaining reveals a pronounced increase in presynaptic and postsynaptic marker expression in GelMA-Cad relative to Matrigel, as well as extensive colocalization of these markers, thus highlighting the biological activity of the N-cadherin peptide. Overall, given its ability to enhance iPSC-derived neuron maturity and connectivity, GelMA-Cad should be broadly useful for in vitro studies of neural circuitry in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J O'Grady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Kylie M Balotin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Allison M Bosworth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - P Mason McClatchey
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Robert M Weinstein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Mukesh Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Kara S Poole
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Leon M Bellan
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Ethan S Lippmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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O'Grady BJ, Lippmann ES. Recent Advancements in Engineering Strategies for Manipulating Neural Stem Cell Behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:41-47. [PMID: 33748772 DOI: 10.1007/s43152-020-00003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Stem cells are exquisitely sensitive to biophysical and biochemical cues within the native microenvironment. This review focuses on emerging strategies to manipulate neural cell behavior using these influences in three-dimensional (3D) culture systems. Recent Findings Traditional systems for neural cell differentiation typically produce heterogeneous populations with limited diversity rather than the complex, organized tissue structures observed in vivo. Advancements in developing engineering tools to direct neural cell fates can enable new applications in basic research, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. Summary This review article highlights engineering strategies that facilitate controlled presentation of biophysical and biochemical cues to guide differentiation and impart desired phenotypes on neural cell populations. Specific highlighted examples include engineered biomaterials and microfluidic platforms for spatiotemporal control over the presentation of morphogen gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J O'Grady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ethan S Lippmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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5
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O'Grady BJ, Wang JX, Faley SL, Balikov DA, Lippmann ES, Bellan LM. A Customizable, Low-Cost Perfusion System for Sustaining Tissue Constructs. SLAS Technol 2018; 23:592-598. [PMID: 29787331 DOI: 10.1177/2472630318775059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of engineered vascularized tissues and organs requiring sustained, controlled perfusion has been facilitated by the development of several pump systems. Currently, researchers in the field of tissue engineering require the use of pump systems that are in general large, expensive, and generically designed. Overall, these pumps often fail to meet the unique demands of perfusing clinically useful tissue constructs. Here, we describe a pumping platform that overcomes these limitations and enables scalable perfusion of large, three-dimensional hydrogels. We demonstrate the ability to perfuse multiple separate channels inside hydrogel slabs using a preprogrammed schedule that dictates pumping speed and time. The use of this pump system to perfuse channels in large-scale engineered tissue scaffolds sustained cell viability over several weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J O'Grady
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,2 Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jason X Wang
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shannon L Faley
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel A Balikov
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ethan S Lippmann
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,4 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leon M Bellan
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,2 Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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6
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Ravindran CRM, Bayne JN, Bravo SC, Busby T, Crain CN, Escobedo JA, Gresham K, O'Grady BJ, Rios L, Roy S, Gdovin MJ. Intracellular acidosis and pH regulation in central respiratory chemoreceptors. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2011; 22:174-86. [PMID: 22102313 PMCID: PMC4372124 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2011.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctions of brainstem regions responsible for central CO2 chemoreception have been proposed as an underlying pathophysiology of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). We recorded respiratory motor output and intracellular pH (pHi) from chemosensitive neurons in an in vitro tadpole brainstem during normocapnia and hypercapnia. Flash photolysis of the H+ donor nitrobenzaldehyde was used to induce focal decreases in pHi alone. Hypercapnia and flash photolysis significantly decreased pHi from normocapnia. In addition, chemoreceptors did not regulate pHi during hypercapnia, but demonstrated significant pHi recovery when only pHi was reduced by flash photolysis. Respiration was stimulated by decreases in pHi (hypercapnia and flash photolysis) by decreases in burst cycle. These data represent our ability to load the brainstem with nitrobenzaldehyde without disrupting the respiration, to quantify changes in chemoreceptor pHi recovery, and to provide insights regarding mechanisms of human health conditions with racial/ethnic health disparities such as SIDS and Apnea of Prematurity (AOP).
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Marutha Ravindran
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio,1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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7
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Allison DC, Lawrence GN, Ridolpho PF, O'Grady BJ, Rasch RW, Rasch EM. Increased accuracy and speed of absorption cytometric DNA measurements by automatic corrections for nuclear darkness. Cytometry 1984; 5:217-27. [PMID: 6375996 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.990050302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a method of calculating the average local absorbance (ALA) of a nucleus from the integrated nuclear absorbance and area. One can use the ALA, along with nuclear areas measured at different point absorbance thresholds, to determine whether a nucleus is stained too lightly or too darkly for accurate absorption measurements; this allows selection of an optimal light wavelength for the performance of these measurements. The ALA can also be used for automatic and instantaneous correction of integrated absorbance values from darkly stained cells. This allows the rapid measurement of the integrated absorbances of a large number of nuclei that are heterogeneous in stain intensity. Coefficients of variation of approximately 3% are obtained for the integrated absorbances of nuclei of nontransformed G0/G1 cells. This correction method can be applied with any image densitometer that generates both integrated absorbance and area values.
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