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Milanezi F, Silva J, de Marsillac S, Monfredini P, Nakano V, D’Andrea M, Guarischi-Sousa R, Schnabel B, Correia W, Campana G, da Fonseca G, Perrone E, Zalcberg I. BRCA testing of 1,284 Brazilian patients for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in a routine diagnostic setting. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz250.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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2
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Straka C, Liebisch P, Salwender H, Hennemann B, Metzner B, Knop S, Adler-Reichel S, Gerecke C, Wandt H, Bentz M, Bruemmendorf TH, Hentrich M, Pfreundschuh M, Wolf HH, Sezer O, Bargou R, Jung W, Trümper L, Hertenstein B, Heidemann E, Bernhard H, Lang N, Frickhofen N, Hebart H, Schmidmaier R, Sandermann A, Dechow T, Reichle A, Schnabel B, Schäfer-Eckart K, Langer C, Gramatzki M, Hinke A, Emmerich B, Einsele H. Autotransplant with and without induction chemotherapy in older multiple myeloma patients: long-term outcome of a randomized trial. Haematologica 2016; 101:1398-1406. [PMID: 27662018 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.151860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous transplantation is controversial for older patients with multiple myeloma. The role of age-adjusted high-dose melphalan and the impact of induction chemotherapy cycles is still unclear. A total of 434 patients aged 60-70 years were randomly assigned to 4 cycles of standard anthracycline-based induction chemotherapy or no induction. For all patients, double autologous transplantation after melphalan 140 mg/m2 (MEL140) was planned. The primary end point was progression-free survival. Of 420 eligible patients, 85% received a first transplant and 69% completed double transplantation. Treatment duration was short with a median of 7.7 months with induction chemotherapy cycles and 4.6 months without induction. On an intention-to-treat basis, median progression-free survival with induction chemotherapy cycles (207 patients) was 21.4 months versus 20.0 months with no induction cycles (213 patients) (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.84-1.28; P=0.36). Per protocol, progression-free survival was 23.7 months versus 23.0 months (P=0.28). Patients aged 65 years or over (55%) did not have an inferior outcome. Patients with low-risk cytogenetics [absence of del17p13, t(4;14) and 1q21 gains] showed a favorable overall survival and included the patients with sustained first remission. MEL140 was associated with a low rate of severe mucositis (10%) and treatment-related deaths (1%). Based on hazard ratio, the short treatment arm consisting of mobilization chemotherapy and tandem MEL140 achieved 96% of the progression-free survival, demonstrating its value as an independent component of therapy in older patients with multiple myeloma who are considered fit for autologous transplantation. (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: 02288741).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Straka
- Schön Klinik Starnberger See, Berg, Germany .,Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München (LMU), Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Knop
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Germany.,Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Adler-Reichel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München (LMU), Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Orhan Sezer
- Universitätsklinikum Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Bargou
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Germany.,Universitätsklinikum Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Helga Bernhard
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Nicola Lang
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Klinikum der Universität München (LMU), Germany
| | | | - Holger Hebart
- Stauferklinikum Schwäbisch Gmünd, Mutlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf Schmidmaier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München (LMU), Germany
| | | | - Tobias Dechow
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | | | - Brigitte Schnabel
- Schön Klinik Starnberger See, Berg, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München (LMU), Germany
| | | | | | | | - Axel Hinke
- WISP Research Institute, Langenfeld, Germany
| | - Bertold Emmerich
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München (LMU), Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Germany.,Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Germany
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3
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Straka C, Salwender H, Schnabel B, Sandherr M, Wandt H, Hübel K, Scheid C, Metzner B, Hentrich M, Franke D, Weidenegger G, Freund M, Sezer O, Einsele H, Hinke A, Emmerich B. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor response is superior to neutropenia duration in predicting the risk of infection after high-dose chemotherapy for myeloma and lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:368-76. [PMID: 24794810 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.919631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The patient granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) response is represented by the leukocyte peak in the blood induced by a single dose of G-CSF after chemotherapy, and is correlated with subsequent neutropenic infection risk. General patterns for a meaningful risk group stratification, have not yet been determined. Two independent data sets including a total of 306 cases with myeloma or lymphoma and autologous blood stem cell transplant were available. An infection susceptibility curve plotted according to ranked G-CSF responses from a multicenter study reproduced and validated a curve from the previous single center. Two trend changes were seen within these curves at around 11,000 and 22,000 leukocytes/μL, which separated three groups with a high, medium and low risk of infection. While G-CSF response is related to the consecutive duration of neutropenia, it retains additional independent predictive information for infection risk (p<0.0001) and, more important, is a tool available before the onset of the critical period.
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Schmidmaier R, Then C, Schnabel B, Oduncu F, Baumann P, Straka C. CD4(+) CD28(+) lymphocytes on day 5 after high-dose melphalan for multiple myeloma predict a low risk of infections during severe neutropenia and are associated with the number of reinfused T lymphocytes of the autologous stem cell graft. Cytotherapy 2011; 13:987-92. [PMID: 21599548 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2011.579960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Neutropenia following high-dose chemotherapy is associated with a substantial risk of infectious complications. The aim of this study was to identify variables in residual leukocyte subsets during neutropenia that are predictive for neutropenic fever. METHODS Residual leukocytes in the peripheral blood on day 5 after autologous blood stem cell transplantation were analyzed by three-color flow cytometry in 55 consecutive patients with multiple myeloma. Furthermore, the number of T cells transfused with the autografts was determined. RESULTS Neutrophil counts at day 5 and neutrophil engraftment were similar in patients with and without neutropenic fever. Low absolute lymphocyte, CD4(+) CD28(+) and CD45RO(+) CD28(+) counts at day 5 were associated with neutropenic fever. T-cell counts at day 5 correlated with the CD3(+) cell number in the graft. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the absolute lymphocyte, CD4(+) CD28(+) and CD45RO(+) CD28(+) counts play a role in host defense during severe neutropenia. The T-cell number in the graft may help to identify patients at high risk of neutropenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Schmidmaier
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany.
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Meneses FGA, Schnabel B, Silva IDCG, Alberto FL, Toma L, Nader HB, Lopes CC. Identification of the mutations associated with hereditary hyperferritinemia cataract syndrome and hemochromatosis in a Brazilian family. Clin Genet 2011; 79:189-92. [PMID: 21210779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schmidmaier R, Oversohl N, Schnabel B, Straka C, Emmerich B. Helper T cells (CD3 + /CD4 + ) within the autologous peripheral blood stem cell graft positively correlate with event free survival of multiple myeloma patients. Exp Oncol 2008; 30:240-243. [PMID: 18806749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microenvironment in the bone marrow - including lymphocytes - is part of the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma (MM). High dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation is standard of care for younger patients. AIM To determine the influence of reinfused lymphocyte subsets on event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS). METHODS In peripheral blood (PB) and aphaeresis products (AP) of 41 MM patients lymphocyte subsets were determined by flow cytometry and were correlated with clinical outcome. RESULTS PB lymphocyte subsets did not influence EFS or OS. Residual plasma cells in the AP were not correlated with poor outcome, whereas a high percentage of B cells (CD19+) showed a trend towards reduced EFS (P = 0.051). A high amount of CD4 cells and an increased CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly associated with prolonged EFS. In contrast, high percentage of HLA-DR positive lymphocytes showed negative impact on EFS and OS (P = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION Obtained data suggest the non-activated (HLA-DR negative) helper CD4+ T cells in the AP to be tumour protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schmidmaier
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany.
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7
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Sobolev NA, Götz G, Karthe W, Schnabel B. EPR studies of point defect and amorphous phase production during ion implantation in Silicon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10420157908201732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Schnabel B, Schmidmaier R, Franke D, Emmerich B, Straka C. Correlation of residual leukocyte subsets with neutropenic fever during severe leukopenia after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. Cytotherapy 2006; 8:473-9. [PMID: 17050252 DOI: 10.1080/14653240600941531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation is the standard treatment of eligible patients with multiple myeloma. However, this treatment is associated with a substantial risk of infectious complications during leukopenia. The aim of our pilot study was to determine the residual leukocyte subsets during severe cytopenia after high-dose melphalan and to correlate this with the occurrence of neutropenic fever. METHODS Residual leukocyte subsets in the peripheral blood on days 4-7 following autologous stem cell transplantation were analyzed by three-color flow cytometry in 20 patients with multiple myeloma. In addition, we determined the number of T cells that were transfused with the autografts. RESULTS Absolute numbers of lymphocytes (mean 25/microL) and monocytes (mean 4/microL) were strongly reduced but rather constant during the period of severe neutropenia. Neutrophil engraftment and duration of neutropenia were very similar in patients with and without neutropenic fever. Low absolute lymphocyte counts and absolute CD4+ T-cell counts on days 4-7 after stem cell transplantation correlated with neutropenic fever. Furthermore, T-cell numbers in the autologous stem cell grafts that the patients received were significantly lower in patients with neutropenic fever. DISCUSSION These observations suggest that the number of T cells, and in particular CD4+ T cells, in the blood during severe cytopenia is playing a role in defense of infection. T-cell numbers in the graft could provide a predictive factor for the risk of infection in the post-transplant period. However, this needs to be confirmed in a larger study.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schnabel
- Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
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9
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Straka C, Oduncu F, Hinke A, Einsele H, Drexler E, Schnabel B, Arseniev L, Walther J, König A, Emmerich B. Responsiveness to G-CSF before leukopenia predicts defense to infection in high-dose chemotherapy recipients. Blood 2004; 104:1989-94. [PMID: 15205265 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-02-0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
An active assessment of the host capacity to prevent infection during myelosuppression should be beneficial in patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy. A single dose of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (5 μg/kg) was given to 57 patients with multiple myeloma early after the completion of 85 high-dose chemotherapy (melphalan 200 mg/m2) courses. This provoked a highly variable white blood cell (WBC) peak after 12 to 14 hours. The median WBC count was 21 000/μL (range, 6400-60 600/μL) after a first high-dose therapy (n = 50) and 13 500/μL (range, 4700-24 800/μL) after a second high-dose therapy (n = 35). The responsiveness to single G-CSF was associated with the risk of infection during subsequent cytopenia (P = .003). This association was significant after adjustment for neutropenia duration. Notably, the result of testing G-CSF responsiveness was opportunely available before the onset of leukopenia, and G-CSF responsiveness was more informative than neutropenia duration regarding the risk of infection. Furthermore, there was an association between the responsiveness to G-CSF and stem cell engraftment (P < .005), which remained significant after adjustment for the number of transplanted CD34+ cells. Our results show for the first time that G-CSF potentially could be used for an early in vivo assessment of defense to infection in recipients of high-dose chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Straka
- Medizinische Klinik-Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany.
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10
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Straka C, Oduncu F, Drexler E, Mitterer M, Schnabel B, König A, Brack N, Nerl C, Emmerich B. The CD19+ B-cell counts at peripheral blood stem cell mobilization determine different levels of tumour contamination and autograft purgability in low-grade lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2002; 116:695-701. [PMID: 11849235 DOI: 10.1046/j.0007-1048.2001.03313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The tumour load of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) harvests and the outcome of ex vivo immunomagnetic B-cell purging was investigated in 19 patients with low-grade lymphoma. To quantify the tumour load, we combined fluorescence-activated cell sorting measurement of CD19+ B-cells and determination of the B-cell light chain ratio (LCR) with consensus complementarity-determining region III-polymerase chain reaction (CDRIII-PCR) and gene scan analysis. The number of tumour cells was calculated using B-cell extracts from the PBSCs. Two different patterns were distinguished. In eight patients (42%) with CD19+ B cells >1% in the apheresis product, a high tumour load was found, characterized by a monoclonal LCR, positive PCR in seven out of eight cases, >5 x 10(7) extracted lymphoma cells in six out of seven PCR-assessable cases, and the presence of residual lymphoma after purging in six of seven cases. In 11 patients (58%) with <1% CD19+ B-cells in the product, a low tumour load was indicated by a polyclonal LCR, positive PCR in only 4 out of 11 cases, >5 x 10(7) extracted lymphoma cells in zero out of four PCR-assessable cases, and the presence of residual lymphoma after purging in zero out of four of these cases. The level of residual lymphoma following purging largely depended on the level of tumour contamination. CD19+ B-cells >50/microl in the peripheral blood at mobilization predicted a high tumour load in the apheresis product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Straka
- Medizinische Klinik-Innenstadt, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Mitterer M, Lanthaler AJ, Schnabel B, Svaldi M, Oduncu F, Coser P, Emmerich B, Huemer H, Straka C. Peripheral blood monoclonal B-cells predict the event free survival in multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2001; 41:387-95. [PMID: 11378552 DOI: 10.3109/10428190109057994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Reinfusion of myeloma progenitor cells may contribute to relapse of multiple myeloma after autologous stem cell transplantation. The aim of our study was to investigate whether monoclonal B-cells are present in the apheresis product and to evaluate the clinical relevance of these cells. Leukapheresis products of 55 patients were purged with anti-B-cell-Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and immunobeads. Monoclonal B-cells were found in 85% of patients within the B-cell population. In one third of all myeloma patients, the majority of B-cells was represented by monoclonal myeloma progenitor B-cells, whereas in two thirds of patients monoclonal cells only represented a small part of the entire B-cell population. As shown by sequence analysis, monoclonal precursor B-cells and malignant plasma cells had the identical genetic CDR III sequence. The purging efficacy, using a negative selection system, was a median of 3 logs (range 1,5-3,5). No statistical difference in the purging efficacy was found when 3, 4 or 5 MoAbs against B-cells antigens were used. However, a tumor specific signal could be detected in the purged harvest of all patients, when the highly sensitive ASO-PCR approach was used. Furthermore, we found a direct correlation between the amount of remaining monoclonal cells after negative selection and the event free survival of myeloma patients. 10/15 patients with a median of 20 x 10(3) monoclonal cells in the purged product relapsed at a median of 1,4 years, whereas only 6/24 patients with an oligoclonal pattern including a low number of remaining monoclonal cells relapsed at a median of 2,2 years. The event free survival (EFS) was statistically different between the two groups (p = 0,014).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mitterer
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre; L. Böhlerstrasse 5, I-39100 Bozen/Bolzano, Italy.
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12
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Oliveira RS, Sircili MP, Ueki SY, Telles MA, Schnabel B, Briones MR, Leão SC. PCR-restriction enzyme analysis of a bone marrow isolate from a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient discloses polyclonal infection with two Mycobacterium avium strains. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:4643-5. [PMID: 11101612 PMCID: PMC87653 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.12.4643-4645.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyclonal infection by Mycobacterium avium was detected by hsp65 PCR-restriction enzyme analysis (PRA) in a bone marrow isolate from an AIDS patient. Two M. avium strains, differing in colony morphology, PRA HaeIII digestion pattern, insertion element (IS) 1245 amplification, and restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprints with IS1245 and IS1311 probes, were isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Brabb T, von Dassow P, Ordonez N, Schnabel B, Duke B, Goverman J. In situ tolerance within the central nervous system as a mechanism for preventing autoimmunity. J Exp Med 2000; 192:871-80. [PMID: 10993917 PMCID: PMC2193284 DOI: 10.1084/jem.192.6.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/1999] [Accepted: 08/04/2000] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is believed to be an autoimmune disease in which autoreactive T cells infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS). Animal models of MS have shown that CNS-specific T cells are present in the peripheral T cell repertoire of healthy mice and cause autoimmune disease only when they are activated by immunization. T cell entry into the CNS is thought to require some form of peripheral activation because the blood-brain barrier prohibits trafficking of this tissue by naive cells. We report here that naive T cells can traffic to the CNS without prior activation. Comparable numbers of T cells are found in the CNS of both healthy recombinase activating gene (Rag)(-/)- T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice and nontransgenic mice even when the transgenic TCR is specific for a CNS antigen. Transgenic T cells isolated from the CNS that are specific for non-CNS antigens are phenotypically naive and proliferate robustly to antigenic stimulation in vitro. Strikingly, transgenic T cells isolated from the CNS that are specific for myelin basic protein (MBP) are also primarily phenotypically naive but are unresponsive to antigenic stimulation in vitro. Mononuclear cells from the CNS of MBP TCR transgenic but not nontransgenic mice can suppress the response of peripheral MBP-specific T cells in vitro. These results indicate that naive MBP-specific T cells can traffic to the CNS but do not trigger autoimmunity because they undergo tolerance induction in situ.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Central Nervous System/immunology
- Crosses, Genetic
- Genes, RAG-1
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Immune Tolerance
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Myelin Basic Protein/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/deficiency
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brabb
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Hehl K, Bischoff J, Mohaupt U, Palme M, Schnabel B, Wenke L, Bödefeld R, Theobald W, Welsch E, Sauerbrey R, Heyer H. High-efficiency dielectric reflection gratings: design, fabrication, and analysis. Appl Opt 1999; 38:6257-6271. [PMID: 18324150 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.006257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report on reflection gratings produced entirely of dielectric materials. This gives the opportunity to enhance the laser damage threshold over that occurring in conventional metal gratings used for chirped-pulse-amplification, high-power lasers. The design of the system combines a dielectric mirror and a well-defined corrugated top layer to obtain optimum results. The rules that have to be considered for the design optimization are described. We optimized the parameters of a dielectric grating with a binary structure and theoretically obtained 100% reflectivity for the -1 order in the Littrow mounting for a 45 degrees angle of incidence. Subsequently we fabricated gratings by structuring a low-refractive-index top layer of a multilayer stack with electron-beam lithography. The multilayer system was fabricated by conventional sputtering techniques onto a flat fused-silica substrate. The parameters of the device were measured and controlled by light scatterometer equipment. We measured 97% diffraction efficiency in the -1 order and damage thresholds of 4.4 and 0.18 J/cm(2) with 5-ns and 1-ps laser pulses, respectively, at a wavelength of 532 nm in working conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hehl
- Ing-Büro Optimod, Ricarda-Huch-Weg 12, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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15
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Zeitner UD, Schnabel B, Kley EB, Wyrowski F. Polarization multiplexing of diffractive elements with metal-stripe grating pixels. Appl Opt 1999; 38:2177-2181. [PMID: 18319778 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.002177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Diffractive elements with polarization multiplexing for the visible spectral region are demonstrated. The polarization-multiplexing property of the element is based on the polarization-dependent transmission characteristics of metal-stripe subwavelength period gratings. The proper dimensions of these gratings are estimated by rigorous calculations. The principle of polarization multiplexing by use of metal-stripe subwavelength period gratings is described for a diffractive element that has a binary amplitude transmission per polarization channel and is demonstrated by experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- U D Zeitner
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-00743 Jena, Germany.
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16
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Waldhäusl R, Schnabel B, Dannberg P, Kley EB, Bräuer A, Karthe W. Efficient coupling into polymer waveguides by gratings. Appl Opt 1997; 36:9383-9390. [PMID: 18264498 DOI: 10.1364/ao.36.009383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of highly efficient grating couplers for polymer slab and strip waveguides fabricated by electron-beam lithography are reported. A maximum input efficiency of 67% is achieved. The electron-beam direct-writing technique allows one to replicate the original gratings into polymer substrates by embossing. An all-polymeric optical chip with efficient grating couplers is demonstrated. Waveguide grating couplers with blazed profile and variable grating depth are investigated. Thus, the intensity distribution of the outcoupled light is matched to a Gaussian-like profile. A focusing blazed grating that couples the light with an efficiency of 42% into a polymer strip waveguide is reported. A curvature correction of the grating lines allows one to improve the focusing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Waldhäusl
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Schillerstrasse 1, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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Nolte M, Werner M, Spann W, Schnabel B, von Wasielewski R, Wilkens L, Hübner K, Fischer R, Georgii A. The bcl-2/JH gene rearrangement is undetectable in Hodgkin's lymphomas: results from the German Hodgkin trial. Virchows Arch 1995; 426:37-41. [PMID: 7704322 DOI: 10.1007/bf00194696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ninety-one Hodgkin's lymphomas (HD), 52 non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and 33 specimens of non-neoplastic lymphatic tissues were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of the bcl-2/JH gene rearrangement. The majority of the HD cases were drawn from the files of the German Hodgkin trial where diagnoses are established by a panel of four independent histopathologists. Using the very sensitive PCR method which detected 1 positive among 10000 negative cells, the bcl-2/JH gene rearrangement was found in 7/52 NHL and 3/16 tonsils with follicular hyperplasia, but in none of the 91 HD. The bcl-2 protein, however, was expressed by malignant cells of B and T cell lymphomas and by the giant tumour cells in 2/13 HD lymphocyte predominant, 11/28 HD nodular sclerosing I, 14/17 HD nodular sclerosing II, 10/27 HD mixed cellularity and 3/3 HD lymphocyte depleted. The bcl-2/JH rearrangement is thus independent of protein over-expression, the latter being found in all types of lymphomas. Our results do not confirm the findings of others who have detected the bcl-2/JH rearrangement in HD. These discrepancies may be explained by differences in choice of material, the gene rearrangement actually occurring in bystander cells but not in Reed-Sternberg or Hodgkin cells, or by contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nolte
- Pathologisches Institut, Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, Germany
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Nolte M, Werner M, Spann W, Schnabel B, von Wasielewski R, Wilkens L, Georgii A. [Detection of bcl-2/JH gene rearrangements in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and chronic tonsillitis, but not in Hodgkin's lymphomas. Molecular genetic and immunohistochemical study]. Pathologe 1993; 14:302-6. [PMID: 8121883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Nolte
- Pathologisches Institut der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover
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Lahiri DK, Schnabel B. DNA isolation by a rapid method from human blood samples: effects of MgCl2, EDTA, storage time, and temperature on DNA yield and quality. Biochem Genet 1993; 31:321-8. [PMID: 8274138 DOI: 10.1007/bf02401826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of DNA from whole blood by a modified rapid method (RM) was tested using various detergents and buffer conditions. Extraction of DNA with either NP-40 or Triton X-100 gave a high yield of undegraded DNA in less than an hour. The concentration of magnesium ion in the buffers was critical to obtaining intact, high molecular weight (HMW) DNA. Greater than 10 mM MgCl2 led to degradation. Addition of EDTA to the buffer inhibits this degradation. Preparation of DNA from blood stored at room temperature or incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 hr resulted in the same amount and quality of DNA as from samples frozen at -70 degrees C. DNA from blood samples that had undergone more than four freeze-thaw cycles was found to be partially degraded. The modified RM can be applied to extract DNA from as little as 10 microliters of blood (340 ng of DNA) and from dried blood samples. DNA samples remained intact and undegraded for longer times when DNA was dissolved in higher concentrations of EDTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Lahiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202-4887
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Burandt B, Komorek M, Schnabel B, Press W, Boysen H. High resolution X-ray investigations on the supersatellite reflections of Labradorite. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 1992. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1992.200.14.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Burandt B, Komorek M, Schnabel B, Press W, Boysen H. High resolution X-ray investigations on the supersatellite reflections of Labradorite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1992.200.1-2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Karstens JH, Schnabel B, Ammon J. Management of metastatic bone pain: preliminary results with single fraction (4 Gy) radiotherapy. Onkologie 1989; 12:41-2. [PMID: 2470001 DOI: 10.1159/000216599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Karstens
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie, Medizinische Fakultät der RWTH, Aachen
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Behrens HJ, Schnabel B. The second order influence of the nuclear quadrupole interaction on the central line in the NMR of quadrupolar nuclei using rapid sample spinning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-4363(82)90036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schnabel B, Jungnickel B, Taplick T, Heide K. Bestimmung der Lage der Wassermoleküle im Kieserit MgSO4 · H2O mit Hilfe der magnetischen Protonenresonanz. Krist Techn 1971. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.19710060205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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