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McGlory C, von Allmen MT, Stokes T, Morton RW, Hector AJ, Lago BA, Raphenya AR, Smith BK, McArthur AG, Steinberg GR, Baker SK, Phillips SM. Failed Recovery of Glycemic Control and Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis With 2 wk of Physical Inactivity in Overweight, Prediabetic Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:1070-1077. [PMID: 29095970 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity impairs insulin sensitivity, which is exacerbated with aging. We examined the impact of 2 wk of acute inactivity and recovery on glycemic control, and integrated rates of muscle protein synthesis in older men and women. Methods Twenty-two overweight, prediabetic older adults (12 men, 10 women, 69 ± 4 y) undertook 7 d of habitual activity (baseline; BL), step reduction (SR; <1,000 steps.d-1 for 14 d), followed by 14 d of recovery (RC). An oral glucose tolerance test was used to assess glycemic control and deuterated water ingestion to measure integrated rates of muscle protein synthesis. Results Daily step count was reduced (all p < .05) from BL at SR (7362 ± 3294 to 991 ± 97) and returned to BL levels at RC (7117 ± 3819). Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance increased from BL to SR and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index decreased and did not return to BL in RC. Glucose and insulin area under the curve were elevated from BL to SR and did not recover in RC. Integrated muscle protein synthesis was reduced during SR and did not return to BL in RC. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that 2 wk of SR leads to lowered rates of muscle protein synthesis and a worsening of glycemic control that unlike younger adults is not recovered during return to normal activity in overweight, prediabetic elderly humans. Clinical Trials Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03039556.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris McGlory
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark T von Allmen
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanner Stokes
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert W Morton
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy J Hector
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Briony A Lago
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research and the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amogelang R Raphenya
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research and the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brennan K Smith
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew G McArthur
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research and the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven K Baker
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Williams LM, Lago BA, McArthur AG, Raphenya AR, Pray N, Saleem N, Salas S, Paulson K, Mangar RS, Liu Y, Vo AH, Shavit JA. The transcription factor, Nuclear factor, erythroid 2 (Nfe2), is a regulator of the oxidative stress response during Danio rerio development. Aquat Toxicol 2016; 180:141-154. [PMID: 27716579 PMCID: PMC5274700 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Development is a complex and well-defined process characterized by rapid cell proliferation and apoptosis. At this stage in life, a developmentally young organism is more sensitive to toxicants as compared to an adult. In response to pro-oxidant exposure, members of the Cap'n'Collar (CNC) basic leucine zipper (b-ZIP) transcription factor family (including Nfe2 and Nfe2-related factors, Nrfs) activate the expression of genes whose protein products contribute to reduced toxicity. Here, we studied the role of the CNC protein, Nfe2, in the developmental response to pro-oxidant exposure in the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Following acute waterborne exposures to diquat or tert-buytlhydroperoxide (tBOOH) at one of three developmental stages, wildtype (WT) and nfe2 knockout (KO) embryos and larvae were morphologically scored and their transcriptomes sequenced. Early in development, KO animals suffered from hypochromia that was made more severe through exposure to pro-oxidants; this phenotype in the KO may be linked to decreased expression of alas2, a gene involved in heme synthesis. WT and KO eleutheroembryos and larvae were phenotypically equally affected by exposure to pro-oxidants, where tBOOH caused more pronounced phenotypes as compared to diquat. Comparing diquat and tBOOH exposed embryos relative to the WT untreated control, a greater number of genes were up-regulated in the tBOOH condition as compared to diquat (tBOOH: 304 vs diquat: 148), including those commonly found to be differentially regulated in the vertebrate oxidative stress response (OSR) (e.g. hsp70.2, txn1, and gsr). When comparing WT and KO across all treatments and times, there were 1170 genes that were differentially expressed, of which 33 are known targets of the Nrf proteins Nrf1 and Nrf2. More specifically, in animals exposed to pro-oxidants a total of 968 genes were differentially expressed between WT and KO across developmental time, representing pathways involved in coagulation, embryonic organ development, body fluid level regulation, erythrocyte differentiation, and oxidation-reduction, amongst others. The greatest number of genes that changed in expression between WT and KO occurred in animals exposed to diquat at 2h post fertilization (hpf). Across time and treatment, there were six genes (dhx40, cfap70, dnajb9b, slc35f4, spi-c, and gpr19) that were significantly up-regulated in KO compared to WT and four genes (fhad1, cyp4v7, nlrp12, and slc16a6a) that were significantly down-regulated. None of these genes have been previously identified as targets of Nfe2 or the Nrf family. These results demonstrate that the zebrafish Nfe2 may be a regulator of both primitive erythropoiesis and the OSR during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa M Williams
- Biology Department, Bates College, 44 Campus Avenue, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA; The MDI Biological Laboratory, 159 Old Bar Harbor Road, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA, USA.
| | - Briony A Lago
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Andrew G McArthur
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Amogelang R Raphenya
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Nicholas Pray
- Biology Department, Bates College, 44 Campus Avenue, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA.
| | - Nabil Saleem
- Biology Department, Bates College, 44 Campus Avenue, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA; The MDI Biological Laboratory, 159 Old Bar Harbor Road, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA, USA.
| | - Sophia Salas
- Biology Department, Bates College, 44 Campus Avenue, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA; The MDI Biological Laboratory, 159 Old Bar Harbor Road, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA, USA.
| | - Katherine Paulson
- Biology Department, Bates College, 44 Campus Avenue, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA; The MDI Biological Laboratory, 159 Old Bar Harbor Road, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA, USA.
| | - Roshni S Mangar
- The MDI Biological Laboratory, 159 Old Bar Harbor Road, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA, USA; College of the Atlantic, 105 Eden Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, 8200 MSRB III 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Andy H Vo
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, 8200 MSRB III 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jordan A Shavit
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, 8200 MSRB III 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Jia B, Raphenya AR, Alcock B, Waglechner N, Guo P, Tsang KK, Lago BA, Dave BM, Pereira S, Sharma AN, Doshi S, Courtot M, Lo R, Williams LE, Frye JG, Elsayegh T, Sardar D, Westman EL, Pawlowski AC, Johnson TA, Brinkman FSL, Wright GD, McArthur AG. CARD 2017: expansion and model-centric curation of the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 45:D566-D573. [PMID: 27789705 PMCID: PMC5210516 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1501] [Impact Index Per Article: 187.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD; http://arpcard.mcmaster.ca) is a manually curated resource containing high quality reference data on the molecular basis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with an emphasis on the genes, proteins and mutations involved in AMR. CARD is ontologically structured, model centric, and spans the breadth of AMR drug classes and resistance mechanisms, including intrinsic, mutation-driven and acquired resistance. It is built upon the Antibiotic Resistance Ontology (ARO), a custom built, interconnected and hierarchical controlled vocabulary allowing advanced data sharing and organization. Its design allows the development of novel genome analysis tools, such as the Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) for resistome prediction from raw genome sequence. Recent improvements include extensive curation of additional reference sequences and mutations, development of a unique Model Ontology and accompanying AMR detection models to power sequence analysis, new visualization tools, and expansion of the RGI for detection of emergent AMR threats. CARD curation is updated monthly based on an interplay of manual literature curation, computational text mining, and genome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Jia
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Amogelang R Raphenya
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Brian Alcock
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Nicholas Waglechner
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Peiyao Guo
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Kara K Tsang
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Briony A Lago
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Biren M Dave
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Sheldon Pereira
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Arjun N Sharma
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Sachin Doshi
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Mélanie Courtot
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Raymond Lo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Laura E Williams
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, USDA-ARS U.S. National Poultry Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Jonathan G Frye
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, USDA-ARS U.S. National Poultry Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Tariq Elsayegh
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
| | - Daim Sardar
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Erin L Westman
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Andrew C Pawlowski
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Timothy A Johnson
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Fiona S L Brinkman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Gerard D Wright
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Andrew G McArthur
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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