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Vijayaraghavan M, Genes N, Darrow BJ, Rucker DW. The 21st Century Cures Act and Emergency Medicine - Part 2: Facilitating Interoperability. Ann Emerg Med 2021; 79:13-17. [PMID: 34607740 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Information Technology, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY
| | - Nicholas Genes
- Information Technology, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY; Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Bruce J Darrow
- Information Technology, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY; Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Donald W Rucker
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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2
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Glicksberg BS, Amadori L, Akers NK, Sukhavasi K, Franzén O, Li L, Belbin GM, Ayers KL, Shameer K, Badgeley MA, Johnson KW, Readhead B, Darrow BJ, Kenny EE, Betsholtz C, Ermel R, Skogsberg J, Ruusalepp A, Schadt EE, Dudley JT, Ren H, Kovacic JC, Giannarelli C, Li SD, Björkegren JLM, Chen R. Correction to: Integrative analysis of loss-of-function variants in clinical and genomic data reveals novel genes associated with cardiovascular traits. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:154. [PMID: 31684948 PMCID: PMC6829820 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Glicksberg
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Letizia Amadori
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nicholas K Akers
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Katyayani Sukhavasi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, University of Tartu, Biomeedikum, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Oscar Franzén
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Clinical Gene Networks AB, Jungfrugatan 10, 114 44, Stockholm, Sweden.,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, 14157, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Li Li
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Gillian M Belbin
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kristin L Ayers
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Khader Shameer
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Marcus A Badgeley
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kipp W Johnson
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ben Readhead
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bruce J Darrow
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eimear E Kenny
- Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Raili Ermel
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tartu University Hospital, 1a Ludwig Puusepa Street, 50406, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Josefin Skogsberg
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arno Ruusalepp
- Clinical Gene Networks AB, Jungfrugatan 10, 114 44, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Clinical Gene Networks AB, Jungfrugatan 10, 114 44, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Joel T Dudley
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Health Policy and Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hongxia Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for PediatricResearch, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, 635 Barnhill Dr., MS2049, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Shuyu D Li
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA.
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, University of Tartu, Biomeedikum, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia. .,Clinical Gene Networks AB, Jungfrugatan 10, 114 44, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA.
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3
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Glicksberg BS, Amadori L, Akers NK, Sukhavasi K, Franzén O, Li L, Belbin GM, Ayers KL, Shameer K, Badgeley MA, Johnson KW, Readhead B, Darrow BJ, Kenny EE, Betsholtz C, Ermel R, Skogsberg J, Ruusalepp A, Schadt EE, Dudley JT, Ren H, Kovacic JC, Giannarelli C, Li SD, Björkegren JLM, Chen R. Integrative analysis of loss-of-function variants in clinical and genomic data reveals novel genes associated with cardiovascular traits. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:108. [PMID: 31345219 PMCID: PMC6657044 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic loss-of-function variants (LoFs) associated with disease traits are increasingly recognized as critical evidence for the selection of therapeutic targets. We integrated the analysis of genetic and clinical data from 10,511 individuals in the Mount Sinai BioMe Biobank to identify genes with loss-of-function variants (LoFs) significantly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) traits, and used RNA-sequence data of seven metabolic and vascular tissues isolated from 600 CVD patients in the Stockholm-Tartu Atherosclerosis Reverse Network Engineering Task (STARNET) study for validation. We also carried out in vitro functional studies of several candidate genes, and in vivo studies of one gene. Results We identified LoFs in 433 genes significantly associated with at least one of 10 major CVD traits. Next, we used RNA-sequence data from the STARNET study to validate 115 of the 433 LoF harboring-genes in that their expression levels were concordantly associated with corresponding CVD traits. Together with the documented hepatic lipid-lowering gene, APOC3, the expression levels of six additional liver LoF-genes were positively associated with levels of plasma lipids in STARNET. Candidate LoF-genes were subjected to gene silencing in HepG2 cells with marked overall effects on cellular LDLR, levels of triglycerides and on secreted APOB100 and PCSK9. In addition, we identified novel LoFs in DGAT2 associated with lower plasma cholesterol and glucose levels in BioMe that were also confirmed in STARNET, and showed a selective DGAT2-inhibitor in C57BL/6 mice not only significantly lowered fasting glucose levels but also affected body weight. Conclusion In sum, by integrating genetic and electronic medical record data, and leveraging one of the world’s largest human RNA-sequence datasets (STARNET), we identified known and novel CVD-trait related genes that may serve as targets for CVD therapeutics and as such merit further investigation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-019-0542-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Glicksberg
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94158, CA, USA
| | - Letizia Amadori
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nicholas K Akers
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Katyayani Sukhavasi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, University of Tartu, Biomeedikum, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Oscar Franzén
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Clinical Gene Networks AB, Jungfrugatan 10, 114 44, Stockholm, Sweden.,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, 14157, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Li Li
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Gillian M Belbin
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kristin L Ayers
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Khader Shameer
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Marcus A Badgeley
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kipp W Johnson
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ben Readhead
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bruce J Darrow
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eimear E Kenny
- Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Raili Ermel
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tartu University Hospital, 1a Ludwig Puusepa Street, 50406, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Josefin Skogsberg
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arno Ruusalepp
- Clinical Gene Networks AB, Jungfrugatan 10, 114 44, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Clinical Gene Networks AB, Jungfrugatan 10, 114 44, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Joel T Dudley
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Health Policy and Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hongxia Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, 635 Barnhill Dr., MS2049, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Shuyu D Li
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA.
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, University of Tartu, Biomeedikum, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia. .,Clinical Gene Networks AB, Jungfrugatan 10, 114 44, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA.
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Stroud DM, Darrow BJ, Kim SD, Zhang J, Jongbloed MR, Rentschler S, Moskowitz IP, Seidman J, Fishman GI. Complex genomic rearrangement in CCS-LacZ transgenic mice. Genesis 2007; 45:76-82. [PMID: 17269130 PMCID: PMC3635834 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac conduction system (CCS)-lacZ insertional mouse mutant strain genetically labels the developing and mature CCS. This pattern of expression is presumed to reflect the site of transgene integration rather than regulatory elements within the transgene proper. We sought to characterize the genomic structure of the integration locus and identify nearby gene(s) that might potentially confer the observed CCS-specific transcription. We found rearrangement of chromosome 7 between regions D1 and E1 with altered transcription of multiple genes in the D1 region. Several lines of evidence suggested that regulatory elements from at least one gene, Slco3A1, influenced CCS-restricted reporter gene expression. In embryonic hearts, Slco3A1 was expressed in a spatial pattern similar to the CCS-lacZ transgene and was similarly neuregulin-responsive. At later stages, however, expression patterns of the transgene and Slco3A1 diverged, suggesting that the Slco3A1 locus may be necessary, but not sufficient to confer CCS-specific transgene expression in the CCS-lacZ line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Myers Stroud
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Bruce J. Darrow
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sang Do Kim
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jie Zhang
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Monique R.M. Jongbloed
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Stacey Rentschler
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ivan P.G. Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Molecular Pediatric Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pathology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonathan Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn I. Fishman
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Correspondence to: Glenn I. Fishman, MD, New York University School of Medicine, Smilow Research Center, 8th Floor, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016.
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5
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Dodge SM, Beardslee MA, Darrow BJ, Green KG, Beyer EC, Saffitz JE. Effects of angiotensin II on expression of the gap junction channel protein connexin43 in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32:800-7. [PMID: 9741530 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To elucidate signal transduction pathways regulating expression of myocardial gap junction channel proteins (connexins) and to determine whether mediators of cardiac hypertrophy might promote remodeling of gap junctions, we characterized the effects of angiotensin II on expression of the major cardiac gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43) in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. BACKGROUND Remodeling of the distribution of myocardial gap junctions appears to be an important feature of anatomic substrates of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with heart disease. Remodeling of intercellular connections may be initiated by changes in connexin expression caused by chemical mediators of the hypertrophic response. METHODS Cultures were exposed to 0.1 micromol/liter angiotensin II for 6 or 24 h, and Cx43 expression was characterized by immunoblotting, confocal microscopy and electron microscopy. RESULTS Immunoblot analysis revealed a twofold increase in Cx43 content in cells treated for 24 h with angiotensin II (n=4, p < 0.05). This response was inhibited by the presence of 1.0 micromol/liter losartan, an AT1-receptor blocker. Confocal and electron microscopy demonstrated enhanced Cx43 immunoreactivity and increases in the number and size of gap junction profiles in cells exposed to angiotensin II for 24 h. These effects were also blocked by losartan. Immunoprecipitation of Cx43 from cells metabolically labeled with [35S]methionine demonstrated 2.4- and 2.9-fold increases in Cx43 radioactivity after 6 and 24 h exposure to angiotensin II, respectively (p < 0.03 at each time point). CONCLUSIONS Angiotensin II up-regulates gap junctions in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes by increasing Cx43 synthesis. Signal transduction pathways activated by angiotensin II under pathophysiologic conditions could initiate remodeling of conduction pathways, leading to the development of anatomic substrates of arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Dodge
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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6
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Darrow BJ, Fast VG, Kléber AG, Beyer EC, Saffitz JE. Functional and structural assessment of intercellular communication. Increased conduction velocity and enhanced connexin expression in dibutyryl cAMP-treated cultured cardiac myocytes. Circ Res 1996; 79:174-83. [PMID: 8755993 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.79.2.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Remodeling of conduction pathways in the hypertrophic response to myocardial injury is a potential mechanism leading to the development of anatomic substrates of lethal arrhythmias. To delineate the responsible mechanisms and to directly relate changes in intercellular coupling at gap junctions with electrophysiological alterations, we studied the effects of cAMP, a mediator of cardiac hypertrophy, on action potential conduction velocity and connexin expression in neonatal rat ventricular myocyte cultures. Conduction velocity was measured with an optical activation mapping technique in cells loaded with the voltage-sensitive dye RH-237. Action potentials were conducted 24% to 29% more rapidly (P < .005) after incubating cultures for 24 hours with the cAMP analogue dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP, 1 mmol/L). However, db-cAMP caused no change in the maximum rate of rise of the action potential upstroke, Vmax. Electron and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed a significant increase in the number and size of gap junctions in db-cAMP-treated cells. Immunoblotting showed that the total amounts of the ventricular gap junction proteins connexin43 and connexin45 (Cx43 and Cx45, respectively) increased 2- to 4-fold. Immuno-precipitation of metabolically labeled connexin proteins revealed a dose-dependent increase in the rate of Cx45 protein synthesis in myocytes exposed to db-cAMP ( > 2-fold after a 4-hour exposure) but no change in the Cx43 synthesis rate. Northern blot analysis demonstrated a time-dependent increase in the amount of Cx43 mRNA, with a maximum 3.3-fold increase after 4 hours of exposure to 1 mmol/L db-cAMP; cycloheximide did not block this effect. In contrast, Cx45 mRNA levels were not altered significantly after db-cAMP treatment. Thus, cAMP causes a significant increase in conduction velocity that appears to be attributable largely to enhanced expression of proteins responsible for intercellular communication. Cx43 and Cx45 levels appear to be upregulated by cAMP by disparate molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Darrow
- Department of Pathology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Fast VG, Darrow BJ, Saffitz JE, Kléber AG. Anisotropic activation spread in heart cell monolayers assessed by high-resolution optical mapping. Role of tissue discontinuities. Circ Res 1996; 79:115-27. [PMID: 8925559 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.79.1.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of tissue discontinuities in anisotropic impulse propagation was assessed in two-dimensional anisotropic monolayers of neonatal rat myocytes cultured on a growth-directing substrate of collagen. Activation spread and distribution of maximal upstroke rate of rise (Vmax) of the action potential were measured with an optical system using a voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye (RH-327) and a 10x10 photodiode array with a spatial resolution ranging from 7 to 15 microns. Activation maps were compared with the cellular architecture and the distribution of gap junctions obtained from immunostaining the gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43). Four types of structures were studied: (1) dense cell cultures, (2) cultures with anisotropic intercellular clefts of variable size, (3) discontinuities created by inclusion of nonmyocyte cells, and (4) discontinuities resulting from nonuniform expression of gap junctions. In dense monolayers, activation spread was continuous with microinhomogeneities in both longitudinal and transverse directions. The average cell dimensions in such monolayers were smaller than in adult canine myocardium. However, the degree of cellular anisotropy (length-to-width ratio of 5.3 +/- 1.4) and connectivity were similar. The presence of small intercellular clefts (less than one cell in length) did not disturb the general pattern of transverse or longitudinal activation spread, but it was associated with wave front microcollisions during transverse propagation and a concomitant increase of Vmax beyond the cleft. Long intercellular clefts caused discontinuous transverse propagation. Conduction velocity and Vmax decreased significantly at narrow isthmuses formed by closely apposed clefts, rendering such sites susceptible for conduction block. In contrast Vmax increased when the wave front faced the borders of the clefts. Nonmyocyte cells were electrically connected to myocytes and served as sinks for electrotonic currents, thereby producing localized conduction slowing and a decrease in Vmax. Localized inhomogeneity in Cx43 distribution correlated accurately with circumscribed conduction block and changes in Vmax. Our results provide direct experimental evidence that the cellular structure and gap junction distribution correlate with action potential propagation and distribution of Vmax. We suggest that in tissue with a nonuniform anisotropy, connective tissue separating fiber bundles or sites of inhomogeneous connexin distribution may represent predilective sites for block in transverse direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Fast
- Department of Physiology, University of Berne, Switzerland.
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Diebold RJ, Eis MJ, Yin M, Ormsby I, Boivin GP, Darrow BJ, Saffitz JE, Doetschman T. Early-onset multifocal inflammation in the transforming growth factor beta 1-null mouse is lymphocyte mediated. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:12215-9. [PMID: 8618872 PMCID: PMC40327 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.26.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1)-null mice die fro complications due to an early-onset multifocal inflammatory disorder. We show here that cardiac cells are hyperproliferative and that intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is elevated. To determine which phenotypes are primarily caused by a deficiency in TGF beta 1 from those that are secondary to inflammation, we applied immunosuppressive therapy and genetic combination with the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mutation to inhibit the inflammatory response. Treatment with antibodies to the leukocyte function-associated antigen 1 doubled longevity, reduced inflammation, and delayed heart cell proliferation. TGF beta 1-null SCID mice displayed no inflammation or cardiac cell proliferation, survived to adulthood, and exhibited normal major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) and ICAM-1 levels. TGF beta 1-null pups born to a TGF beta 1-null SCID mother presented no gross congenital heart defects, indicating that TGF beta 1 alone does not play an essential role in heart development. These results indicate that lymphocytes are essential for the inflammatory response, cardiac cell proliferation, and elevated MHC II and ICAM-1 expression, revealing a vital role for TGF beta 1 in regulating lymphocyte proliferation and activation, which contribute to the maintenance of self tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Diebold
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH 45267, USA
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Abstract
Electrical activation of the heart requires transfer of current from one discrete cardiac myocyte to another, a process that occurs at gap junctions. Recent advances in knowledge have established that, like most differentiated cells, individual cardiac myocytes express multiple gap junction channel proteins that are members of a multigene family of channel proteins called connexins. These proteins form channels with unique biophysical properties. Furthermore, functionally distinct cardiac tissues such as the nodes and bundles of the conduction system and atrial and ventricular muscle express different combinations of connexins. Myocytes in these tissues are interconnected by gap junctions that differ in tissue-specific manner in terms of their number, size, and three-dimensional distribution. These observations suggest that both molecular and structural aspects of gap junctions are critical determinants of the anisotropic conduction properties of different cardiac tissues. Expression of multiple connexins also creates the possibility that "hybrid" channels composed of more than one connexin protein type can form, thus greatly increasing the potential for fine control of intercellular ion flow and communication within the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Saffitz
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Abstract
Three gap junction proteins have been identified in mammalian cardiac myocytes: connexin43 (Cx43), connexin45 (Cx45), and connexin40 (Cx40). These proteins form channels with different electrophysiological properties and have different distributions in cardiac tissues with disparate conduction properties. We characterized the expression, phosphorylation, turnover, and subcellular distribution of these connexins in primary cultures of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Cx43, Cx45, and Cx40 mRNA were specifically detected in RNA blots. Immunofluorescent staining with antibodies specific for Cx43 and Cx45 revealed punctate labeling at appositional membranes, but no immunoreactive Cx40 was detected. Double-label immunofluorescence confocal microscopy of cultured myocytes revealed colocalization of Cx43 and Cx45. Cx43 and Cx45 were both identified by immunoprecipitation from [35S]methionine-labeled cultures, but anti-Cx40 antibodies did not precipitate any radiolabeled protein. Phosphorylated forms of both Cx45 and Cx43 were immunoprecipitated from cultures metabolically labeled with [32P]orthophosphate. Phosphoamino acid analysis demonstrated that Cx45 was modified on serine residues, and Cx43 was phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues. Pulse-chase labeling experiments demonstrated that the half-lives of Cx43 and Cx45 were 1.9 and 2.9 hours, respectively. Thus, both Cx43 and Cx45 turn over relatively rapidly, suggesting that myocardial gap junctions have the potential for dynamic remodeling. The results implicate multiple mechanisms of gap junction regulation that may differ for different connexins.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Darrow
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
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