Jones TD, Phillips WJ, Smith BJ, Bamford CA, Nayee PD, Baglin TP, Gaston JSH, Baker MP. Identification and removal of a promiscuous CD4+ T cell epitope from the C1 domain of factor VIII.
J Thromb Haemost 2005;
3:991-1000. [PMID:
15869596 DOI:
10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01309.x]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND
The development of inhibitors in hemophiliacs is a severe complication of factor VIII (FVIII) replacement therapy and is a process driven by FVIII specific T helper cells.
OBJECTIVES
To finely map T cell epitopes within the whole FVIII protein in order to investigate the possibility of engineering FVIII variants with reduced propensity for inhibitor development.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
T cell lines were generated from five patients with severe hemophilia who had developed inhibitors, and were screened for T cell proliferation against pools of overlapping peptides spanning the entire B domain deleted (BDD) FVIII sequence. Positive peptide pools were decoded by screening individual peptides against the T cell lines. Positive peptides, and mutants thereof, were tested for their ability to bind major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II and stimulate T cell proliferation in a panel of healthy donors. The activities of the corresponding mutant proteins were assessed via chromogenic assay.
RESULTS
One peptide, spanning FVIII amino acids 2098-2112, elicited a vigorous response from one hemophiliac donor, induced strong T cell responses in the panel of healthy donors and bound to a number of HLA-DR alleles. Mutations were made in this peptide that removed its ability to stimulate T cells of healthy donors and to bind to MHC Class II while retaining full activity when incorporated into a mutant BDD-FVIII protein.
CONCLUSIONS
Fine T cell epitope mapping of the entire FVIII protein is feasible, although challenging, and this knowledge may be used to create FVIII variants which potentially have reduced immunogenicity.
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