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Gilbert TM, Randle L, Quinn M, McGreevy O, O'leary L, Young R, Diaz-Neito R, Jones RP, Greenhalf B, Goldring C, Fenwick S, Malik H, Palmer DH. Molecular biology of cholangiocarcinoma and its implications for targeted therapy in patient management. Eur J Surg Oncol 2024:108352. [PMID: 38653586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2024.108352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains a devastating malignancy and a significant challenge to treat. The majority of CCA patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, making the disease incurable in most cases. The advent of high-throughput genetic sequencing has significantly improved our understanding of the molecular biology underpinning cancer. The identification of 'druggable' genetic aberrations and the development of novel targeted therapies against them is opening up new treatment strategies. Currently, 3 targeted therapies are approved for use in CCA; Ivosidenib in patients with IDH1 mutations and Infigratinib/Pemigatinib in those with FGFR2 fusions. As our understanding of the biology underpinning CCA continues to improve it is highly likely that additional targeted therapies will become available in the near future. This is important, as it is thought up to 40 % of CCA patients harbour a potentially actionable mutation. In this review we provide an overview of the molecular pathogenesis of CCA and highlight currently available and potential future targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Gilbert
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS FT, Liverpool, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems Integrative and Molecular Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - L Randle
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems Integrative and Molecular Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Quinn
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS FT, Liverpool, UK
| | - O McGreevy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems Integrative and Molecular Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - L O'leary
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS FT, Liverpool, UK
| | - R Young
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS FT, Liverpool, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems Integrative and Molecular Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - R Diaz-Neito
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS FT, Liverpool, UK
| | - R P Jones
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS FT, Liverpool, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems Integrative and Molecular Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B Greenhalf
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C Goldring
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems Integrative and Molecular Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - S Fenwick
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS FT, Liverpool, UK
| | - H Malik
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS FT, Liverpool, UK
| | - D H Palmer
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Liverpool, UK; Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Elmasry M, Bird N, Zhang F, Goldring C, Poston G, Malik H, Kitteringham N, Fenwick S. The role of the transcription factor Nrf2 as a potential enhancer of hepatic regeneration. Int J Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.08.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Elmasry M, Bird N, Zhang F, Poston G, Malik H, Goldring C, Kitteringham N, Fenwick S. 1. Peri-hepatectomy induction of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2): A promising novel way of enhancing liver regeneration. Eur J Surg Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Sutton P, Bowden D, Jithesh P, Hamid B, Abbott G, Palmer D, Goldring C, Kitteringham N, Vimalachandran D. 243. High expression of acid ceramidase confers radioresistance in rectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2014.08.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Moggs J, Couttet P, Lempiainen H, Vacchi-Suzzi C, Marcellin M, Luisier R, Scherbichler N, Unterberger E, Schwarz M, Dubost V, Theil D, Oakeley E, Starkey-Lewis P, Goldring C, Park K, Cordier A, Hahne F, Mueller A, Marrer E, Stiehl D, Moulin P, Brees D, Chibout SD, Terranova R, Grenet O. Non-coding RNA mechanisms and biomarkers of toxicity: from tissue to circulation. Toxicol Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.06.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Starkey Lewis PJ, Merz M, Couttet P, Grenet O, Dear J, Antoine DJ, Goldring C, Park BK, Moggs JG. Serum microRNA biomarkers for drug-induced liver injury. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2012; 92:291-3. [PMID: 22828715 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2012.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
New biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) are required in the clinic and in preclinical pharmaceutical evaluation. Liver-enriched microRNAs are promising serum biomarkers of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice. The utility of circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of human acute DILI is discussed in the context of correlation with existing biomarkers of liver injury and patient outcomes in acetaminophen toxicity, mechanisms of cellular microRNA release, and their potential advantages over current clinical biomarkers of DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Starkey Lewis
- MRC Center for Drug Safety Science, Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Powell H, Kitteringham N, Clement Y, O'Donnell C, Goldring C, Pirmohamed M, Park B. Transcriptional response to glutathione depletion. Toxicology 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)90309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Blache D, Durand P, Reveneau S, Goldring C, Jeannin J. 3.P.54 Oxysterols from oxidized LDL down-regulate the inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages. Atherosclerosis 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)89085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Goldring C, Casini AF, Maellaro E, Del Bello B, Comporti M. Determination of 4-hydroxynonenal by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Lipids 1993; 28:141-5. [PMID: 8441339 DOI: 10.1007/bf02535778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
4-Hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE) is a highly reactive product of lipid peroxidation originating from the break-down of phospholipid-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids of cellular membranes. Despite its biological relevance, this aldehyde is only occasionally determined due to the complexity of previously described procedures. Here we present a simple and very sensitive method for the detection of HNE in biological samples. The method is based on the measurement of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (DNPH) of the aldehyde by electrochemical detection after separation by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The greater sensitivity of this procedure as compared to the ultraviolet detection method commonly employed to measure DNPH derivatives of aldehydes after HPLC will allow the detection of HNE below the pmol level. The detection of HNE is highly reproducible even in normal tissues and cells. Increased amounts of HNE were detected in the livers of animals intoxicated with prooxidant agents such as carbon tetrachloride, bromotrichloromethane or bromobenzene. An exponential increase in HNE (and in malondialdehyde) was measured in peroxidizing liver microsomes (in the NADPH/Fe-dependent system). The method is also suitable for the study of very small samples, since HNE could be detected in approximately 1 million cultured cells (polyoma virus-transformed baby hamster kidney fibroblasts); the level rose after exposure of the cells to a Fe3+/ADP prooxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Goldring
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università di Siena, Italy
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