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Calderó G, Leitner S, García-Celma M, Solans C. Modulating size and surface charge of ethylcellulose nanoparticles through the use of cationic nano-emulsion templates. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 225:115201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Leitner S, Grijalvo S, Solans C, Eritja R, García-Celma MJ, Calderó G. Ethylcellulose nanoparticles as a new "in vitro" transfection tool for antisense oligonucleotide delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 229:115451. [PMID: 31826509 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oil-in-water nano-emulsions have been obtained in the HEPES 20 mM buffer solution / [Alkylamidoammonium:Kolliphor EL = 1:1] / [6 wt% ethylcellulose in ethyl acetate] system over a wide oil-to-surfactant range and above 35 wt% aqueous component at 25 °C. The nano-emulsion with an oil-to-surfactant ratio of 70/30 and 95 wt% aqueous component was used for nanoparticles preparation. These nanoparticles (mean diameter around 90 nm and zeta potential of +22 mV) were non-toxic to HeLa cells up to a concentration of 3 mM of cationic species. Successful complexation with an antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide targeting Renilla luciferase mRNA was achieved at cationic/anionic charge ratios above 16, as confirmed by zeta potential measurements and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, provided that no Fetal Bovine Serum is present in the cell culture medium. Importantly, Renilla luciferase gene inhibition shows an optimum efficiency (40%) for the cationic/anionic ratio 28, which makes these complexes promising for "in vitro" cell transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Leitner
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Grijalvo
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Solans
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Eritja
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J García-Celma
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisicoquímica, Univ. de Barcelona, IN2UB, Unitat Associada d'I+D al CSIC, Av Joan XXIII, s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Calderó
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Leitner S, Solans C, García-Celma M, Calderó G. Low-energy nano-emulsification approach as a simple strategy to prepare positively charged ethylcellulose nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 205:117-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Feiner-Gracia N, Dols-Perez A, Royo M, Solans C, Garcia-Celma M, Fornaguera C. Cell penetrating peptide grafting of PLGA nanoparticles to enhance cell uptake. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Valentim DSS, Duarte JL, Oliveira AEMFM, Cruz RAS, Carvalho JCT, Solans C, Fernandes CP, Tavares-Dias M. Effects of a nanoemulsion with Copaifera officinalis oleoresin against monogenean parasites of Colossoma macropomum: A Neotropical Serrasalmidae. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:1041-1048. [PMID: 29770449 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Monogeneans are ectoparasites that may cause losses in production and productivity in the aquaculture of Colossoma macropomum. Chemotherapeutics used in aquaculture usually have major adverse effects on fish; hence, the use of essential oils has been considered advantageous, but these are not soluble in water. Thus, the use of nanostructures to enhance water solubility of compounds and improve bioactivity may be very promising. This study investigated the antiparasitic activity of nanoemulsion prepared with Copaifera officinalis oleoresin (50, 100, 150, 200 and 300 mg/L), against monogenean parasites from the gills of C. macropomum. The particle size distribution and zeta potential suggested that a potentially kinetic stable system was generated. The nanoemulsion from C. officinalis oleoresin achieved high efficacy (100%) at low concentrations (200 and 300 mg/L) after 15 min of exposure. This was the first time that a nanoemulsion was generated from C. officinalis oleoresin using a solvent-free, non-heating and low-energy method. Moreover, this was the first time that an antiparasitic against monogeneans on fish gills, based on nanoemulsion of C. officinalis oleoresin, was tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S S Valentim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical (PPGBIO), Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - J L Duarte
- Laboratorio Nanobiotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - A E M F M Oliveira
- Laboratorio Nanobiotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - R A S Cruz
- Laboratorio Nanobiotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - J C T Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical (PPGBIO), Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisas de Drogas, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - C Solans
- Instituto Avançado de Química da Catatonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C P Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical (PPGBIO), Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- Laboratorio Nanobiotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - M Tavares-Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical (PPGBIO), Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- Embrapa Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
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Roig F, Blanzat M, Solans C, Esquena J, García-Celma M. Hyaluronan based materials with catanionic sugar-derived surfactants as drug delivery systems. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 164:218-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Calderó G, Fornaguera C, Zadoina L, Dols-Perez A, Solans C. Design of parenteral MNP-loaded PLGA nanoparticles by a low-energy emulsification approach as theragnostic platforms for intravenous or intratumoral administration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 160:535-542. [PMID: 29024918 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) into PLGA nanoparticles has been achieved by nano-emulsion templating using for the first time both, a low-energy emulsification method as well as biocompatible components accepted for pharmaceuticals intended for human use. The incorporation of MNP by nano-emulsion templating method proposed in this work has been investigated in two different systems applying mild process conditions and is shown to be simple and versatile, providing stable MNP-loaded PLGA nanoparticles with tunable size and MNP concentration. MNP-loaded PLGA nanoparticles showed sizes below 200nm by DLS and 50nm by TEM, and mean MNP loading per PLGA nanoparticle of 1 to 4, depending on the nanoparticle dispersion composition. Physical-chemical features suggest that the MNP-loaded PLGA nanoparticles obtained are good candidates for intravenous or intratumoral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Calderó
- CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - C Fornaguera
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Zadoina
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Dols-Perez
- CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Solans
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
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Solans C, Aramaki K. Editorial Overview. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Calderó G, Montes R, Llinàs M, García-Celma M, Porras M, Solans C. Studies on the formation of polymeric nano-emulsions obtained via low-energy emulsification and their use as templates for drug delivery nanoparticle dispersions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:922-931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fornaguera C, Feiner-Gracia N, Calderó G, García-Celma MJ, Solans C. PLGA nanoparticles from nano-emulsion templating as imaging agents: Versatile technology to obtain nanoparticles loaded with fluorescent dyes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 147:201-209. [PMID: 27513588 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The interest in polymeric nanoparticles as imaging systems for biomedical applications has increased notably in the last decades. In this work, PLGA nanoparticles, prepared from nano-emulsion templating, have been used to prepare novel fluorescent imaging agents. Two model fluorescent dyes were chosen and dissolved in the oil phase of the nano-emulsions together with PLGA. Nano-emulsions were prepared by the phase inversion composition (PIC) low-energy method. Fluorescent dye-loaded nanoparticles were obtained by solvent evaporation of nano-emulsion templates. PLGA nanoparticles loaded with the fluorescent dyes showed hydrodynamic radii lower than 40nm; markedly lower than those reported in previous studies. The small nanoparticle size was attributed to the nano-emulsification strategy used. PLGA nanoparticles showed negative surface charge and enough stability to be used for biomedical imaging purposes. Encapsulation efficiencies were higher than 99%, which was also attributed to the nano-emulsification approach as well as to the low solubility of the dyes in the aqueous component. Release kinetics of both fluorescent dyes from the nanoparticle dispersions was pH-independent and sustained. These results indicate that the dyes could remain encapsulated enough time to reach any organ and that the decrease of the pH produced during cell internalization by the endocytic route would not affect their release. Therefore, it can be assumed that these nanoparticles are appropriate as systemic imaging agents. In addition, in vitro toxicity tests showed that nanoparticles are non-cytotoxic. Consequently, it can be concluded that the preparation of PLGA nanoparticles from nano-emulsion templating represents a very versatile technology that enables obtaining biocompatible, biodegradable and safe imaging agents suitable for biomedical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fornaguera
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - N Feiner-Gracia
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Calderó
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J García-Celma
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutic Technology, University of Barcelona, Av/Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Solans
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Magana JR, Homs M, Solans C, Obiols-Rabasa M, Salonen LM, Rodríguez-Abreu C. Self-Assembly and Formation of Chromonic Liquid Crystals from the Dyes Quinaldine Red Acetate and Pyronin Y. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:250-8. [PMID: 26700729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b10567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous self-assembly behavior of the dyes Quinaldine red acetate and Pyronin Y in a wide range of concentrations is reported here for the first time. (1)H NMR spectroscopy, polarized-light optical microscopy, and small and wide X-ray scattering were used to get insight into molecular interactions, phase boundaries and aggregate structure. Quinaldine red acetate and Pyronin Y self-organize into unimolecular stacks driven by attractive aromatic interactions. At high concentrations, spatial correlation among the molecular stacks gives rise to nematic liquid crystals in both systems. Quinaldine red acetate additionally produces a rare chromonic O phase built of columnar aggregates with anisotropic cross-section ordered in a rectangular lattice. The O phase changes into a columnar lamellar structure as a result of a temperature-induced phase transition. Results open the possibility of finding chromonic liquid crystals in other commercially available dyes with a similar molecular structure. This would eventually expand the availability of these unique soft materials and thus introduce new applications for marketed dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Magana
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Homs
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Solans
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Obiols-Rabasa
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University , Getingevägen 60, SE-22241 Lund, Sweden
| | - L M Salonen
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory , Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - C Rodríguez-Abreu
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory , Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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Fornaguera C, Feiner-Gracia N, Calderó G, García-Celma MJ, Solans C. Galantamine-loaded PLGA nanoparticles, from nano-emulsion templating, as novel advanced drug delivery systems to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Nanoscale 2015; 7:12076-12084. [PMID: 26118655 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03474d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles could be promising drug delivery systems to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Among the various methods of nanoparticle preparation, nano-emulsion templating was used in the present study to prepare galantamine-loaded nano-emulsions by a low-energy emulsification method followed by solvent evaporation to obtain galantamine-loaded polymeric nanoparticles. This approach was found to be suitable because biocompatible, biodegradable and safe nanoparticles with appropriate features (hydrodynamic radii around 20 nm, negative surface charge and stability higher than 3 months) for their intravenous administration were obtained. Encapsulation efficiencies higher than 90 wt% were obtained with a sustained drug release profile as compared to that from aqueous and micellar solutions. The enzymatic activity of the drug was maintained at 80% after its encapsulation into nanoparticles that were non-cytotoxic at the required therapeutic concentration. Therefore, novel galantamine-loaded polymeric nanoparticles have been designed for the first time using the nano-emulsification approach and showed the appropriate features to become advanced drug delivery systems to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fornaguera
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Spain
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Fornaguera C, Dols-Perez A, Calderó G, García-Celma MJ, Camarasa J, Solans C. PLGA nanoparticles prepared by nano-emulsion templating using low-energy methods as efficient nanocarriers for drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier. J Control Release 2015; 211:134-43. [PMID: 26057857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases have an increased prevalence and incidence nowadays, mainly due to aging of the population. In addition, current treatments lack efficacy, mostly due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that limits the penetration of the drugs to the central nervous system. Therefore, novel drug delivery systems are required. Polymeric nanoparticles have been reported to be appropriate for this purpose. Specifically, the use of poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) seems to be advantageous due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability that ensure safe therapies. In this work, a novel approximation to develop loperamide-loaded nanoparticles is presented: their preparation by nano-emulsion templating using a low-energy method (the phase inversion composition, PIC, method). This nano-emulsification approach is a simple and very versatile technology, which allows a precise size control and it can be performed at mild process conditions. Drug-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were obtained using safe components by solvent evaporation of template nano-emulsions. Characterization of PLGA nanoparticles was performed, together with the study of the BBB crossing. The in vivo results of measuring the analgesic effect using the hot-plate test evidenced that the designed PLGA loperamide-loaded nanoparticles are able to efficiently cross the BBB, with high crossing efficiencies when their surface is functionalized with an active targeting moiety (a monoclonal antibody against the transferrin receptor). These results, together with the nanoparticle characterization performed here are expected to provide sufficient evidences to end up to clinical trials in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fornaguera
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A Dols-Perez
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Calderó
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J García-Celma
- CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Barcelona, Av/ Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Camarasa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section), University of Barcelona, Av/ Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Solans
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
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Serrà A, Gómez E, Calderó G, Esquena J, Solans C, Vallés E. Conditions that bicontinuous microemulsions must fulfill to be used as template for electrodeposition of nanostructures. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Molina R, Jovancic P, Vilchez S, Tzanov T, Solans C. In situ chitosan gelation initiated by atmospheric plasma treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 103:472-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Morral-Ruíz G, Melgar-Lesmes P, Solans C, García-Celma M. Multifunctional polyurethane–urea nanoparticles to target and arrest inflamed vascular environment: A potential tool for cancer therapy and diagnosis. J Control Release 2013; 171:163-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Molina R, Sole I, Vílchez A, Bertran E, Solans C, Esquena J. Surface functionalization of macroporous polymeric materials by treatment with air low temperature plasma. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2013; 13:2819-2825. [PMID: 23763166 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2013.7369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene/divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) macroporous monoliths obtained using highly concentrated emulsions as templates show a superhydrophobic behaviour, restricting their potential technological applications, especially those related to adhesion and wetting. Air plasma treatments were carried out in order to modulate wetting properties, modifying the surface chemical composition of macroporous polystyrene/divinylbenzene materials. The superhydrophobic behaviour was rapidly suppressed by air plasma treatment, greatly reducing the water contact angle, from approximately 150 degrees to approximately 90 degrees, in only 10 seconds of treatment. The new surface chemical groups, promoted by plasma active species, were characterized by surface analysis techniques with different depth penetration specificity (contact angle, XPS, FTIR and SEM). Results demonstrated that very short treatment times produced different chemical functionalities, mainly C-O, C=O, O-C=O and C-N, which provide the materials with predominantly acidic surface properties. However, plasma active species did not penetrate deeply through the interconnected pores of the material. FTIR analysis evidenced that the new hydrophilic surface groups promoted by plasma active species are in a negligibly concentration compared to bulk chemical groups, and are located in a very thin surface region on the PS-DVB monolith surface (significantly below 2 microm). XPS analysis of treated monoliths revealed a progressive increase of oxygen and nitrogen content as a function of plasma treatment time. However, oxidation of the PS-DVB monoliths surface prevails over the incorporation of nitrogen atoms. Finally, SEM studies indicated that the morphology of the plasma treated PS-DVB does not significantly change even for the longest air plasma treatment time studied (120 s).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Molina
- Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology Department, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Serrà A, Gómez E, Calderó G, Esquena J, Solans C, Vallés E. Microemulsions for obtaining nanostructures by means of electrodeposition method. Electrochem commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Alvarado AG, Pérez-Carrillo LA, Arellano M, Rabelero M, Ceja I, Mendizábal E, Solans C, Esquena J, Puig JE. Polymerization of Hexyl Methacrylate in Nanoemulsions Made by Low and High Energy Methods. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2013.802147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Alvarado AG, Nolla J, Rabelero M, Pérez-Carrillo LA, Arellano M, Mendizábal E, Solans C, Puig JE. Poly(hexyl methacrylate) Nanoparticles Templating in Nanoemulsions-Made by Phase Inversion Temperature. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2013.768119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Morral-Ruíz G, Melgar-Lesmes P, García M, Solans C, García-Celma M. Design of biocompatible surface-modified polyurethane and polyurea nanoparticles. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Solè I, Solans C, Maestro A, González C, Gutiérrez J. Study of nano-emulsion formation by dilution of microemulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 376:133-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vilasau J, Solans C, Gómez M, Dabrio J, Mújika-Garai R, Esquena J. Stability of oil-in-water paraffin emulsions prepared in a mixed ionic/nonionic surfactant system. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vilasau J, Solans C, Gómez M, Dabrio J, Mújika-Garai R, Esquena J. Phase behaviour of a mixed ionic/nonionic surfactant system used to prepare stable oil-in-water paraffin emulsions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Obiols-Rabasa M, Ramos J, Forcada J, Esquena J, Solans C, Levecke B, Booten K, Tadros TF. Use of hydrophobically modified inulin for the preparation of polymethyl methacrylate/polybutyl acrylate latex particles using a semicontinuous reactor. Langmuir 2010; 26:7717-7724. [PMID: 20121169 DOI: 10.1021/la904461a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The seeded semicontinuous emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BuA) stabilized with a graft polymeric surfactant based on inulin, INUTEC SP1, as well as its mixture with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is described. The mixture of SLS and Brij58 (alcohol ethoxylated) and the mixture of SLS and Pluronic P85 (block copolymer PEO-PPO-PEO) are also used as surfactant systems. The addition of methacrylic acid (MAA) or acrylic acid (AA) as comonomers is also studied. Previous results proved this inulin-derivative surfactant, INUTEC SP1, to be very effective on synthesizing latexes using a very low surfactant concentration. The kinetic features of the emulsion polymerization (instantaneous conversion and total conversion) were gravimetrically determined along the reactions. Latex dispersions were characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to obtain the average particle size, the particle size distributions (PSDs) as well as the polydispersity index (PdI). The stability was determined by turbidimetry measurements and expressed in terms of critical coagulation concentration. The results showed that the use of the graft polymeric surfactant allowed obtaining highly stable nanoparticles, at low surfactant concentrations and high solid contents (up to 37 wt %). This is an improvement with respect to previous works, in which a mixture of the graft polymeric surfactant with another surfactant was required to obtain stable nanoparticles with low polydispersity, at high solid content. In the present work, low polydispersity was achieved using INUTEC as the only emulsifier, which was related to the absence of secondary nucleations. When a mixture of INUTEC SP1 and SLS is used, a wider PSD is obtained due to secondary nucleations. Replacing INUTEC SP1 by other nonionic surfactants such as Brij58 or Pluronic P85 leads to an increase of average particle size and wider PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Obiols-Rabasa
- Institut de Química Avancada de Catalunya, CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Solans C, Aramaki K. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 13:195-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Soltero JFA, Alvarez-Ramírez JG, Fernández VVA, Tepale N, Bautista F, Macías ER, Pérez-López JH, Schulz PC, Manero O, Solans C, Puig JE. Phase and rheological behavior of the polymerizable surfactant CTAVB and water. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 312:130-8. [PMID: 17547934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The phase and rheological behaviors of the polymerizable surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium benzoate (CTAVB), and water as a function of surfactant concentration and temperature are investigated here. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) and the (cmc(2)), as well as the Krafft temperature (T(K)), are reported. A large highly viscous micellar solution region and hexagonal- and lamellar-phase regions were identified. The micellar solutions exhibit shear thickening in the dilute regime, below the overlapping or entanglement concentration. At higher concentrations, wormlike micelles form and the solutions show strong viscoelasticity and Maxwell behavior in the linear regime and shear banding flow in the nonlinear regime. The linear viscoelastic regime is analyzed with the Granek-Cates model, showing that the relaxation is controlled by the kinetics of reformation and scission of the micelles. The steady and unsteady responses in the nonlinear regime are compared with the predictions of the Bautista-Manero-Puig (BMP) model. Model predictions follow the experimental data closely.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F A Soltero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boul. M. García Barragán #1451, Guadalajara, Jal. 44430, Mexico
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Izquierdo P, Wiechers JW, Escribano E, García-Celma MJ, Tadros TF, Esquena J, Dederen JC, Solans C. A Study on the Influence of Emulsion Droplet Size on the Skin Penetration of Tetracaine. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 20:263-70. [PMID: 17641530 DOI: 10.1159/000106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/AIMS The influence of emulsion droplet size on the skin penetration of a model drug, tetracaine, was studied. For this purpose, in vitro dermal and transdermal delivery of tetracaine from 6 emulsions (3 macro-emulsions with droplet sizes >1 microm and 3 nano-emulsions with droplet sizes <100 nm) were tested. METHODS Two approaches were used: in the first one, the composition of the emulsions was kept constant, while in the second one, the surfactant concentration in the aqueous phase was kept constant by varying the overall surfactant concentration. RESULTS The results from emulsions differing only in droplet size did not provide statistically significant evidence for the anticipated increase in transdermal or dermal delivery (after 24 h) when reducing emulsion droplet size. The same results were obtained when the surfactant concentration in the aqueous phase was kept constant, indicating that there is no influence of emulsion droplet size on the skin penetration of tetracaine within the droplet size range studied. CONCLUSION This is in contrast to what has been reported in various publications that claim penetration to increase with reducing droplet size. It should be noted that the results reported so far are based on emulsions that apart from droplet size also differed in composition and/or system components.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Izquierdo
- Departament de Tecnologia de Tensioactius, Institut d'Investigacions Químiques i Ambientals de Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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Mújika‐Garai R, Aguilar‐García C, Juárez‐Arroyo, F, Covián‐Sánchez I, Nolla J, Esquena J, Solans C, Rodríguez‐Valverde MA, Tejera‐García R, Cabrerizo‐Vílchez MA, Hidalgo‐Álvarez R. Stabilization of Paraffin Emulsions Used in the Manufacture of Chipboard Panels by Liquid Crystalline Phases. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690701341777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Azemar
- a Instituto de Tecnologia Química y Textil (C.S.I.C.) , Jorge Girona 18-26, Barcelona , 08034 , Spain
| | - I. Carrera
- a Instituto de Tecnologia Química y Textil (C.S.I.C.) , Jorge Girona 18-26, Barcelona , 08034 , Spain
| | - C. Solans
- a Instituto de Tecnologia Química y Textil (C.S.I.C.) , Jorge Girona 18-26, Barcelona , 08034 , Spain
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Solans C, GarcÍa Dominguez J, Friberg S. EVALUATION OF TEXTILE DETERGENT EFFICIENCY OF MICROEMULSIONS IN SYSTEMS OF WATER NONIONIC SURFACTANT AND HYDROCARBON AT LOW TEMPERATURE. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/01932698508943968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Morales D, Solans C, Gutiérrez JM, Garcia-Celma MJ, Olsson U. Oil/water droplet formation by temperature change in the water/c(16)e(6)/mineral oil system. Langmuir 2006; 22:3014-20. [PMID: 16548551 DOI: 10.1021/la052324c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Droplet sizes of oil/water (O/W) nanoemulsions prepared by the phase inversion temperature (PIT) method, in the water/C16E6/mineral oil system, have been compared with those given by a theoretical droplet model, which predicts a minimum droplet size. The results show that, when the phase inversion was started from either a single-phase microemulsion (D) or a two-phase W+D equilibrium, the resulting droplet sizes were close to those predicted by the model, whereas, when emulsification was started from W+D+O or from W+D+Lalpha (Lalpha = lamellar liquid crystal) equilibria, the difference between the measured and predicted values was much higher. The structural changes produced during the phase inversion process have been investigated by the 1H-PFGSE-NMR technique, monitoring the self-diffusion coefficients for each component as a function of temperature. The results have confirmed the transition from a bicontinuous D microemulsion at the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) temperature to oil nanodroplet dispersion in water when it is cooled to lower temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Morales
- Institut d' Investigacions Químiques i Ambientals de Barcelona (IIQAB), Consell Superior d' Investigacions Científiques (CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-36 Barcelona 08034 Spain
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Pérez-Oliván S, Pinilla I, Bregante MA, Solans C, Ruiz Moreno O, Garcia MA, Honrubia FM. Grepafloxacin Concentration in Ocular Tissues after Intravenous Infusion in Rabbits with Intraocular Inflammation. Ophthalmic Res 2005; 37:335-40. [PMID: 16158011 DOI: 10.1159/000088262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Accepted: 11/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the penetration of grepafloxacin into ocular tissues during experimental ocular inflammation. METHODS 10 albino and 10 pigmented rabbits underwent a continuous intravenous infusion of the drug 24 h after injecting Salmonella typhimurium toxin intravitreously, creating ocular inflammation. The animals were killed and grepafloxacin levels were determined in plasma and ocular tissues using high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Grepafloxacin levels achieved a steady-state plasma concentration of 1.5 microg/ml. The drug diffused more towards vascularized tissues (chorioretina and iris) in both albino and pigmented rabbits with a tissue/serum ratio higher than 1. Grepafloxacin showed more affinity to pigmented tissue, rising levels of 40,000-50,000 ng/g in the chorioretina and iris in pigmented animals. After inflammation, grepafloxacin intraocular penetration increased in albino animals with levels exceeding the minimum inhibitory concentration for the most common ocular pathogens. CONCLUSION Grepafloxacin intraocular penetration is higher in pigmented tissues. Ocular inflammation increases the drug penetration into the vitreous.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pérez-Oliván
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Rabelero M, López-Cuenca S, Puca M, Mendizábal E, Esquena J, Solans C, López R, Puig J. Composition effects on the mechanical properties of microemulsion-made core/shell polymers. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.04.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Renoncourt A, Bauduin P, Touraud D, Azemar N, Solans C, Kunz W. WITHDRAWN: Effect of temperature on the realms of existence of vesicles in several catanionic systems. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Solans C, Bregante MA, Garcia MA, Perez S. Ocular penetration of grepafloxacin after intravitreal administration in albino and pigmented rabbits. Chemotherapy 2005; 50:133-7. [PMID: 15282440 DOI: 10.1159/000077887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2003] [Accepted: 11/27/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ocular penetration of grepafloxacin into several ocular tissues was determined in albino and pigmented rabbits following a single intravitreal administration. After administration, grepafloxacin was detected in all ocular tissues studied in both breeds of rabbits. The superior mean penetration ratios were found in the chorioretina and lens of albino rabbits, and in the chorioretina, iris and lens of pigmented rabbits. A significantly greater penetration of grepafloxacin was found in the chorioretina and iris of the pigmented rabbits than in those of the albino rabbits. As a final conclusion, grepafloxacin detected in different ocular structures could attain therapeutic concentrations against a variety of ocular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Solans
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Garcia MA, Solans C, Calvo A, Hernandez E, Rey R, Bregante MA, Puig M. Determination of enro?oxacin and its primary metabolite, cipro?oxacin, in pig tissues. Application to residue studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2005; 19:27-31. [PMID: 15470686 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive HPLC method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in pig tissue using difloxacin (DIF) as internal standard. Tissue sample preparations were carried out by adding phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, 0.1 m), followed by extraction with trichloromethane. Fluoroquinolones were separated on a reversed-phase column and eluted with aqueous buffer solution-acetonitrile (80:20, v/v). The concentrations of CIP, ENR and DIF eluted from the column, with retention times of 2.20, 2.73 and 4.38 min, respectively, were monitored by fluorescence detection at lambda(ex) 276 and lambda(em) 442 nm. The detection and quantitation limit were 8 and 25 ng/g, respectively, for both compounds. Standard curves were linearly related to concentration in the range 25-400 ng/g. The consequences of the introduction of minor reasonable variations (ruggedness studies) have also been analysed. Finally, the measurement of the tissue levels of ENR and CIP in the pig tissues after oral administration confirmed the utility of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Garcia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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Usón N, Garcia M, Solans C. Formation of water-in-oil (W/O) nano-emulsions in a water/mixed non-ionic surfactant/oil systems prepared by a low-energy emulsification method. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
This review describes the principles of formation and stability of nano-emulsions. It starts with an introduction highlighting the main advantages of nano-emulsions over macroemulsions for personal care and cosmetic formulations. It also describes the main problems with lack of progress on nano-emulsions. The second section deals with the mechanism of emulsification and the dynamic light scattering technique for measurement of the droplet size of nano-emulsions. This is followed by a section on methods of emulsification and the role of surfactants. Three methods are described for nano-emulsion preparation, namely high energy emulsification (using homogenisers), low energy emulsification whereby water is added to an oil solution of the surfactant and the principle of the phase inversion temperature (PIT). A section is devoted to steric stabilisation and the role of the adsorbed layer thickness. The problem of Ostwald ripening (which is the main instability process of nano-emulsions) is described in some detail. The methods that can be applied to reduce Ostwald ripening are briefly described. This involves the addition of a second less soluble oil phase such as squalene and/or addition of a strongly adsorbed and water insoluble polymeric surfactant. The last part of the review gives some examples of nano-emulsions that are prepared by the PIT method as well as using high pressure homogeniser. A comparison of the two methods is given and the rate of Ostwald ripening is measured in both cases. The effect of changing the alkyl chain length and branching of the oil was investigated using decane, dodecane, tertadecane, hexadecane and isohexadecane. The branched oil isohexadcecane showed higher Ostwald ripening rate when compared with a linear chain oil with the same carbon number.
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Solans C, Esquena J, Azemar N, Rodriguez C, Kunieda H. Highly concentrated (gel) emulsions: formation and properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1573-4285(04)80015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Pinilla I, Peréz-Oliván S, Solans C, Bregante MA, Ramirez MT, Larrosa JM, Pablo LE, Honrubia FM. Histological Toxicity of Grepafloxacin after Intravitreal Injection. Ophthalmic Res 2003; 35:335-40. [PMID: 14688424 DOI: 10.1159/000074073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2003] [Accepted: 07/01/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the intravitreal levels of grepafloxacin after intravitreal injection of 80 microg and to evaluate the retinal toxicity after intravitreal injection of different doses of grepafloxacin in rabbit eyes. METHODS Fifteen female New Zealand white rabbits and 15 female pigmented 'Gigantes de España' rabbits were injected with 80 microg of grepafloxacin into the vitreous cavity. The grepafloxacin concentration was determined with HPLC after 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h. Eighteen female rabbits (9 New Zealand white rabbits and 9 pigmented 'Gigantes de España' rabbits) were used for a study of toxicity. The rabbits were divided into 6 treatment groups: group 1 (3 pigmented rabbits) received an intravitreal injection of 80 microg of grepafloxacin in 0.1 ml of saline solution, group 2 (3 white rabbits) 80 microg of grepafloxacin in 0.1 ml, group 3 (3 pigmented rabbits) 800 microg of grepafloxacin, group 4 (3 white rabbits) 800 microg of grepafloxacin, group 5 (3 pigmented rabbits) and group 6 (3 white rabbits) 0.1 ml of saline solution. Clinical examination was performed prior to injection and 24 h and 10 days after surgery. The animals were sacrificed 10 days after the injection, and the eyes were enucleated and fixed for histopathology. The specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue. RESULTS No relevant complications were found during the clinical follow-up. All the eyes showed no abnormalities in the histologic evaluation. CONCLUSION Grepafloxacin can be considered as a safe alternative for intravitreal injection for the treatment of intraocular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Pinilla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
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Perez S, Solans C, Bregante MA, Pinilla I, García MA, Honrubia F. Pharmacokinetics and ocular penetration of grepafloxacin in albino and pigmented rabbits. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002; 50:541-5. [PMID: 12356799 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkf178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of grepafloxacin were determined in albino and pigmented rabbits following a single 10 mg/kg intravenous administration. The penetration of grepafloxacin into various ocular tissues was also determined after continuous intravenous infusion in both types of animal. Grepafloxacin showed a bicompartmental model of distribution in both pigmented and albino rabbits with significant differences in the pharmacokinetics between the two types of animal. After continuous intravenous infusion, significantly greater penetration of grepafloxacin was found in the iris, cornea and chorioretina of pigmented rabbits compared with albino rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Perez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Isabel La Catolica 1-3, E-50009, Spain
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Garcia MA, Solans C, Calvo A, Royo M, Hernandez E, Rey R, Bregante MA. HPLC separation and quantification of ofloxacin enantiomers in rabbit plasma. Application to pharmacokinetic studies. Chromatographia 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02490244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rueda S, Fraile LJ, Bregante MA, Garcia MA, Solans C. Penetration of diltiazem into breast milk and its pharmacokinetics in the lactating rabbit. Xenobiotica 2002; 32:119-30. [PMID: 11868968 DOI: 10.1080/00498250110085980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim was to investigate the milk transfer and pharmacokinetics of diltiazem (DTZ) in the lactating rabbit following DTZ intravenous (i.v.) administration. In addition, DTZ metabolism in mammary tissue and milk was also studied. 2. The pharmacokinetic parameters that largely determine drug disposition (AUC, VD, CL) showed no significant differences between the non-lactating and lactating rabbit. 3. When DTZ was administered to the lactating rabbit, the observed DTZ milk-to-blood AUC ratio (M/B) closely correlated with the calculated ratio, as predicted by a diffusional model, suggesting that DTZ passes into milk via non-ionic diffusion and that other factors which may affect the milk transfer seem to have limited relevance. 4. After a single intravenous dose of DTZ to the lactating rabbit, deacetyldiltiazem (M1) and demethyldiltiazem (MA) were observed in blood, but only M1 could be detected in milk. 5. In conclusion, DTZ seems to diffuse freely into milk after its i.v. administration to the lactating rabbit and should not be given to nursing mammals because of the potential risk for their young. This risk may be even higher because of the presence of M1 (a pharmacologically active metabolite) in milk after administration of the parent drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Zaragoza, Spain
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Esquena J, Solans C. Influence of the HLB parameter of nonionic surfactants on normal and reversed-phase thin layer chromatography. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(01)00583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Garcia MA, Solans C, Hernandez E, Puig M, Bregante MA. Simultaneous determination of enrofloxacin and its primary metabolite, ciprofloxacin, in chicken tissues. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02492243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
1. Diltiazem (DTZ) undergoes extensive metabolism in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues. Deacetyldiltiazem (M1) and N-desmethyldiltiazem (MA) are two of the main basic metabolites of DTZ that retain pharmacological activity. The development of DTZ deacetylase and demethylase activities through ontogeny has not been addressed. In order to address this issue, in vitro studies have been carried out using the blood and several tissues of rabbit as enzyme sources. In addition, in vivo studies using a pharmacokinetic approach were carried out to support the in vitro findings. 2. DTZ was incubated with homogenates of selected tissues and in whole blood and DTZ, and its metabolites were assayed by HPLC. In addition, a pharmacokinetic study after intraperitoneal administration of DTZ in the 1-, 8-, 16-, 30-day-old and adult rabbit were also carried out. 3. DTZ deactylase activity was detected whatever the age and tissue examined (including blood). Except in gut homogenates, this activity was shown to be higher at earlier postnatal ages. DTZ demethylase activity was only detected in the liver and gut homogenates and in whole blood. This activity increases from the 1- to 30-day-old rabbit (except for blood), after which it decreases slightly to reach the adult level. 4. In vivo experiments showed a close pharmacokinetic profile throughout ontogeny (except for the 30-day-old rabbit) after DTZ intraperitoneal administration. 5. Extrahepatic metabolism may play a more significant role in the overall metabolism and pharmacokinetics of DTZ at earlier stages of development. 6. Finally, in vivo studies Suggest that age does not seem to modify DTZ disposition and, for this reason, dosage may not have to be taken into account as a function of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Fraile
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zaragoza, Spain
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