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Calderó G, Leitner S, García-Celma M, Solans C. Modulating size and surface charge of ethylcellulose nanoparticles through the use of cationic nano-emulsion templates. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 225:115201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Leitner S, Grijalvo S, Solans C, Eritja R, García-Celma MJ, Calderó G. Ethylcellulose nanoparticles as a new "in vitro" transfection tool for antisense oligonucleotide delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 229:115451. [PMID: 31826509 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oil-in-water nano-emulsions have been obtained in the HEPES 20 mM buffer solution / [Alkylamidoammonium:Kolliphor EL = 1:1] / [6 wt% ethylcellulose in ethyl acetate] system over a wide oil-to-surfactant range and above 35 wt% aqueous component at 25 °C. The nano-emulsion with an oil-to-surfactant ratio of 70/30 and 95 wt% aqueous component was used for nanoparticles preparation. These nanoparticles (mean diameter around 90 nm and zeta potential of +22 mV) were non-toxic to HeLa cells up to a concentration of 3 mM of cationic species. Successful complexation with an antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide targeting Renilla luciferase mRNA was achieved at cationic/anionic charge ratios above 16, as confirmed by zeta potential measurements and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, provided that no Fetal Bovine Serum is present in the cell culture medium. Importantly, Renilla luciferase gene inhibition shows an optimum efficiency (40%) for the cationic/anionic ratio 28, which makes these complexes promising for "in vitro" cell transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Leitner
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Grijalvo
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Solans
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Eritja
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J García-Celma
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisicoquímica, Univ. de Barcelona, IN2UB, Unitat Associada d'I+D al CSIC, Av Joan XXIII, s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Calderó
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Leitner S, Solans C, García-Celma M, Calderó G. Low-energy nano-emulsification approach as a simple strategy to prepare positively charged ethylcellulose nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 205:117-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bell BA, Phan ML, Meillère A, Evans JK, Leitner S, Vicario DS, Buchanan KL. Influence of early-life nutritional stress on songbird memory formation. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.1270. [PMID: 30257911 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In birds, vocal learning enables the production of sexually selected complex songs, dialects and song copy matching. But stressful conditions during development have been shown to affect song production and complexity, mediated by changes in neural development. However, to date, no studies have tested whether early-life stress affects the neural processes underlying vocal learning, in contrast to song production. Here, we hypothesized that developmental stress alters auditory memory formation and neural processing of song stimuli. We experimentally stressed male nestling zebra finches and, in two separate experiments, tested their neural responses to song playbacks as adults, using either immediate early gene (IEG) expression or electrophysiological response. Once adult, nutritionally stressed males exhibited a reduced response to tutor song playback, as demonstrated by reduced expressions of two IEGs (Arc and ZENK) and reduced neuronal response, in both the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM) and mesopallium (CMM). Furthermore, nutritionally stressed males also showed impaired neuronal memory for novel songs heard in adulthood. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, that developmental conditions affect auditory memories that subserve vocal learning. Although the fitness consequences of such memory impairments remain to be determined, this study highlights the lasting impact early-life experiences can have on cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Bell
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - M L Phan
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - A Meillère
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - J K Evans
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Leitner
- Department of Behavioural Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - D S Vicario
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - K L Buchanan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Voigt C, Leitner S, Bennett NC. Breeding status affects the expression of androgen and progesterone receptor
mRNA
in the brain of male Damaraland mole‐rats. J Zool (1987) 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Voigt
- Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - S. Leitner
- Department of Behavioural Neurobiology Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Seewiesen Germany
| | - N. C. Bennett
- Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
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Leitner S, List M, Monkowius U. Synthesis, Characterization and Luminescence of Silver(I) and Gold(I) Complexes Bearing a Diethyl Acetal Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbene. Z Naturforsch B 2011. [DOI: 10.5560/znb.2011.66b1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Klemann C, Schade J, Pabst R, Leitner S, Stiller J, von Hörsten S, Stephan M. CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4-deficiency alters thymic emigration patterns and leukcocyte subsets in F344-rats age-dependently. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 155:357-65. [PMID: 19055685 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DPP4) rapidly truncates incretins N-terminally, including glucagon-like peptide-1, DPP4-inhibitors have been developed for treatment of diabetes type 2. To some extent this is surprising, as CD26/DPP4 is also deeply involved in immune regulation. Long-term pharmacological studies are hampered by off-target inhibition of DPP4-homologues. Therefore, we studied the effects of genetic CD26/DPP4-deficiency by investigating blood, spleen and thymus leucocyte subpopulations of wild-type and CD26-deficient F344-rats at different ages. In young animals at 1 and 3 months of age, there were no differences in leucocyte subsets, while in older animals the T cell composition was changed significantly. From the age of 6 months onwards, reduced numbers of recent thymic emigrants and memory T cells, and consequently an increased amount of naive T cells were observed in CD26-deficient rats. In addition, the architecture of the thymus was altered, as observed by a reduced density of lymphocytes in the medulla. Furthermore, the number of proliferating cells in the thymus was decreased in CD26-deficient rats at a higher age. Moreover, CD26-deficiency resulted in markedly reduced numbers of B cells in later life. Additionally, an age- but not CD26-dependent increase of regulatory T cells and a decrease of natural killer cell numbers were detected in the blood and spleen. Our findings indicate an important role of CD26 in maintaining lymphocyte composition, memory T cell generation and thymic emigration patterns during immunosenescence, with possible implications for using DPP4-inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Klemann
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Magdorf K, Schuck S, Leitner S, Wahn U, Kaufmann S, Jacobsen M. T-cell responses against tuberculin and sensitin in children with tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis mycobacterial lymphadenopathy. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:1079-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gross M, Pendergrass K, Leitner S, Leichman G, Pugliese L, Silberman S. TPI 287, a third-generation taxane, is active and well tolerated as 2 nd line therapy after failure of docetaxel in hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.16130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Heller I, Leitner S, Dierich MP, Lass-Flörl C. Serotonin (5-HT) enhances the activity of amphotericin B against Aspergillus fumigatus in vitro. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2004; 24:401-4. [PMID: 15380269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2003] [Accepted: 03/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the in vitro synergistic antifungal potential of combining serotonin (5-HT) and sertraline with amphotericin B and itraconazole against clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp. Synergy tests were performed using the chequerboard microdilution method. Activity was measured against Aspergillus fumigatus (n = 7), Aspergillus flavus (n = 3) and Aspergillus terreus (n = 2), and compared with that for Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices ranged between 0.25 and 3 for the various isolates tested. 5-HT was shown to enhance the activity of amphotericin B against Aspergillus spp. Combination studies with 5-HT and itraconazole and with sertraline and itraconazole or amphothericin B showed different activities for the various strains, including synergism (FIC < 1.0), additivity (FIC = 1), and indifference (FIC between 1.0 and 2.0). 5-HT and sertraline showed antagonistic activity (FIC > 2) with amphotericin B and itraconazole against C. parapsilosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Heller
- Institute of Hygiene and Social Medicine, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Fritz Pregl-Strasse 3/III, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Leitner S, Voigt C, Garcia-Segura LM, Van't Hof T, Gahr M. Seasonal activation and inactivation of song motor memories in wild canaries is not reflected in neuroanatomical changes of forebrain song areas. Horm Behav 2001; 40:160-8. [PMID: 11534977 DOI: 10.1006/hbeh.2001.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal, testosterone-dependent changes in sexual behaviors are common in male vertebrates. In songbirds such seasonal changes occur in a learned behavior--singing. Domesticated male canaries (Serinus canaria) appear to lose song units (syllables) after the breeding season and learn new ones until the next breeding season. Here we demonstrate in a longitudinal field study of individual, free-living nondomesticated (wild) canaries (S. canaria) a different mode of seasonal behavioral plasticity, seasonal activation, and inactivation of auditory-motor memories. The song repertoire composition of wild canaries changes seasonally: about 25% of the syllables are sung seasonally; the remainder occur year-round, despite seasonal changes in the temporal patterns of song. In the breeding season, males sing an increased number of fast frequency-modulated syllables, which are sexually attractive for females, in correlation with seasonally increased testosterone levels. About 50% of the syllables that were lost after one breeding season reappear in the following breeding season. Furthermore, some identical syllable sequences are reactivated on an annual basis. The seasonal plasticity in vocal behavior occurred despite the gross anatomical and ultrastructural stability of the forebrain song control areas HVc and RA that are involved in syllable motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Leitner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Verhaltensphysiologie, D-82319 Seewiesen, Germany
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Abstract
The myxomycete Physarum polycephalum expresses a calcium-independent nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) resembling the inducible NOS isoenzyme in mammals. We have now cloned and sequenced this, the first nonanimal NOS to be identified, showing that it shares < 39% amino acid identity with known NOSs but contains conserved binding motifs for all NOS cofactors. It lacks the sequence insert responsible for calcium dependence in the calcium-dependent NOS isoenzymes. NOS expression was strongly up-regulated in Physarum macroplasmodia during the 5-day starvation period needed to induce sporulation competence. Induction of both NOS and sporulation competence were inhibited by glucose, a growth signal and known repressor of sporulation, and by L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine (NIL), an inhibitor of inducible NOS. Sporulation, which is triggered after the starvation period by light exposure, was also prevented by 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), an inhibitor of NO-sensitive guanylate cyclase. In addition, also expression of lig1, a sporulation-specific gene, was strongly attenuated by NIL or ODQ. 8-Bromo-cGMP, added 2 h before the light exposure, restored the capacity of NIL-treated macroplasmodia to express lig1 and to sporulate. This indicates that the second messenger used for NO signaling in sporulation of Physarum is cGMP and links this signaling pathway to expression of lig1.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Golderer
- Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Leitner S, Bucher A, Böhm J, Rosenkranz C. [Not Available]. Mycotoxin Res 2001; 17 Suppl 1:37-40. [PMID: 23605756 DOI: 10.1007/bf03036708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Four groups of 16 cyclic sows were fed with 50, 100, 500 or 1000 μg zearalenone per kg feed for 10 days. Afterwards the genital organs were examined routine histologically and lectinhistochemically. Alterations of the lectin binding pattern of the glandular and surface epithelial cells was seen in all four groups, while the routine histology often showed normal results by the two lower concentrations. Macroscopically detectable organ alterations were seen only in the two groups with the highest concentration steps, but not constantly. Clinical symptoms of hyperestrogenismen were very seldom seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Leitner
- Institut für Histologie und Embryologie, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
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