Cerium (IV) sulfate mediated oxidative addition of 1-phenylcycloalkenes and styrene derivatives in methanol: Synthesis of 1,2-dimethoxy compounds

The reaction of 1-phenylcycloalkenes and derivatives of styrene with cerium(IV) sulfate tetrahydrate in methanol leads to the formation of 1,2-dimethoxy compounds (54–89%).

Esterification of Alkene with Cerium(IV) Sulfate in Carboxylic Acid

Reaction of alkenes [cyclohexene (1), cycloheptene (2), cyclooctene (3), 1-heptene (4), 1-octene (5), styrene (6), 1,7-octadiene (7), indene (8), and 1,2-dihydronaphthalene (9)] with cerium(IV) sulfate (CS) in carboxylic acids [formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid] readily yielded the corresponding carboxylic esters. This addition reaction follows the Markovnikov rule. This reaction provides a new simple method for preparing carboxylic esters from alkenes. It was also found that this method is useful for formylation.

Biotransformation of bromosesquiterpenes by marine fungi

Biotransformation of bromosesquiterpenes was investigated with two types of fungi, Rhinocladiella atrovirens NRBC 32362 and also Rhinocladiella sp. K-001, isolated from the Okinawan brown alga Stypopodium zonale. R. atrovirens NRBC 32362 converted aplysistatin 1 into three compounds 5alpha-hydroxyaplysistatin 4, 5alpha-hydroxyisoaplysistatin 5 and 9beta-hydroxyaplysistatin 6. Transformation of 1, palisadin A 2 and 12-hydroxypalisadin B 3 by Rhinocladiella sp. K-001 gave two compounds, 3,4-dihydroaplysistatin 7 and 9,10-dehydrobromopalisadin A 8.

Glyoxal sample preparation for high-performance liquid chromatographic detection of 2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazone derivative: Suppression of polymerization and mono-derivative formation by using methanol medium

Some difficulties on a sampling of gaseous glyoxal using DNPH-silica cartridge were discussed, and an alternative sampling procedure was proposed. When glyoxal was sampled using the cartridge, it partially formed mono-hydrazone with various degrees, whereas it was quantitatively converted into its bis-hydrazone when sample gas was directly bubbled into a DNPH acidic solution. Additionally, glyoxal polymerized on the inner wall of the system during trapping to the silica cartridge. We found that the polymerization of glyoxal was effectively suppressed by dissolving glyoxal into methanol under reduced pressure; glyoxal in methanol readily reacted with DNPH in a hydrochloric acid solution and gave bis-hydrazone derivative, without any interference of methanol and any formation of mono-hydrazone derivative. When glyoxal was sampled by the proposed method, 102% of recovery was obtained, whereas it was reduced to 92.7% when the trapped glyoxal was dissolved into methanol under atmosphere.

Biodegradation of Bisphenol A by Fungi

The biologic degradation of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A [BPA]; 1) was studied with 26 fungi. An initial BPA concentration of 40 ppm in an aqueous solution was degraded in the dark for 14 d. Among the 26 strains tested, 11 degraded BPA at 50% or more. Furthermore, four strains (F. sporotrichioides NFRI-1012, F. moniliforme 2-2, A. terreus MT-13, and E. nidulans MT-98) were more effective for degradation of BPA.

Biodegradation of bisphenol A by cultured cells of Caragana chamlagu

The biological degradation of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenol)propane (1; bisphenol A, BPA), a representative endocrine disruptor, was studied with plant-cultured cells of Caragana chamlagu. An initial BPA concentration of 425 microM in an aqueous solution was degraded by C. chamlagu at 25 degrees C for 2 days in the dark, and two intermediates were then completely dissipated after 10 days.

Oxidative cleavage of the C-C bond of 3,6-dialkylcyclohexane-1,2-diones by cell suspension cultures of Marchantia polymorpha

Biotransformation of 3,6-dialkylcyclohexane-1,2-diones by cell suspension cultures of Marchantia polymorpha involves regioselective oxidative cleavage of the C-C bond to give the corresponding oxocarboxylic acids shortened by one carbon unit. In the case of cyclohexane-1,2-dione, adipic acid was obtained.

Biotransformation of (+)- and (-)-camphorquinones by plant cultured cells

Biotransformation of (+)- and (-)-camphorquinones with suspension plant cultured cells of Nicotiana tabacum and Catharanthus roseus was investigated. It was found that the plant cultured cells of N. tabacum and C. roseus reduce stereoselectively the carbonyl group of (+)- and (-)-camphorquinones to the corresponding alpha-keto alcohols.

Biotransformation of thujopsene by Caragana chamlagu

Biotransformation of thujopsene (1) using a cell suspension culture of Caragana chamlagu for 14 days gave mayurone (2, 52%) and two new compounds, 3beta-hydroxy-4-thujopsene (4, 16%) and 3beta-epoxythujopsa-5beta-ol (3, 22%).

Oxidation of 2-Alkylcycloalkanones with Iodine–Cerium(IV) Salts in Alcohols

The reaction of 2-alkylcycloalkanones with iodine–cerium(IV) salts in alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol or propan-2-ol) gave the respective oxo ester in 28–98% yields.