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Totti S, Kluxen F, Toner F, Page L, Maas W, Webbley K, Nagane R, Valentine C, Kendrick J, Mingoia R, Whitfield C, Dorange J, Egron C, Imart C, Felkers E, Domoradzki J, Darraji B, McEuen S, Fisher P, Lorez C, Parr-Dobrzanksi R, Chen T, Wiemann C. An in vitro dermal absorption study ring trial with 14C-Caffeine according to OECD test guideline 428. Toxicol Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dubin JM, Greer AB, Valentine C, O'Brien IT, Leue EP, Paz L, Lynne CM, Winter AG, Ramasamy R. Evaluation of Indicators of Female Sexual Dysfunction in Adult Entertainers. J Sex Med 2019; 16:621-623. [PMID: 30956107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) incorporates a wide range of sexual issues within the female population; however, it has not been evaluated among female adult entertainers. AIM To evaluate the prevalence of FSD in women working in the adult entertainment industry. METHODS A 53-question online survey was distributed to female adult entertainers via e-mail through collaboration with the Free Speech Coalition, the North American Trade Association of the Adult Industry. Surveys were sent by the Free Speech Coalition to those within the Performer Availability Screening Services database who met the criteria of having biological vaginas and having experience as adult entertainers. The surveys were answered anonymously. Statistical analysis was performed with Stata/IC 15.1. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The survey acquired baseline characteristics, use of contraceptives, sexual activity, work vs home sexual satisfaction, and orgasm, in addition to evaluation of female sexual function using the Female Sexual Function Index survey, with a total score <26.55 indicative of FSD. RESULTS Of the 147 respondents, 96 (65%) met inclusion criteria of adequately completing the survey, having a biological vagina, and working in the adult entertainment industry. The mean age was 34.1 ± 10.3 years (range 20-66). The average Female Sexual Function Index score was 28.7 ± 5.6, and 24.0% (23 of 96) of entertainers had scores indicative of FSD. Overall, women found their personal sex lives more satisfying when compared with their professional sex lives (3.99 ± 1.40 vs 3.08 ± 1.52, P < .01). When comparing women with FSD to those without FSD, women with FSD had less sexual satisfaction at home (2.8 ± 1.7 vs 4.4 ± 1.0, P < .01), fewer overall sexual events (7.0 ± 6.7 FSD vs 12.9 ± 10.0 non-FSD, P < .01), and fewer satisfying sexual events overall (3.3 ± 4.2 vs 10.7 ± 8.7, P < .01). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS FSD is prevalent among all women, including those within the adult entertainment industry, and must be addressed during patient interactions. STRENGTH & LIMITATION This is the first study to evaluate the novel group of female adult entertainers. Despite this novel population, the study size is rather small and is susceptible to response bias. CONCLUSION FSD appeared to be less prevalent among female adult entertainers than rates commonly quoted for the general population and was more often seen in the women with less satisfying personal sex lives. Dubin JM, Greer AB, Valentine C, et al. Evaluation of Indicators of Female Sexual Dysfunction in Adult Entertainers. J Sex Med 2019;16:621-623.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Dubin
- Department of Urology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Aubrey B Greer
- Department of Urology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Eric P Leue
- The Free Speech Coalition, Canoga Park, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Paz
- Department of Urology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Dubin J, Greer A, Valentine C, O'Brien I, Leue E, Paz L, Winter A, Ramasamy R. 148 Evaluation of Female Sexual Dysfunction in Adult Entertainers. J Sex Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.01.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dubin J, Greer A, Valentine C, O'Brien I, Leue E, Paz L, Winter A, Ramasamy R. Evaluation of female sexual dysfunction in adult entertainers. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Owen-Smith AA, Gerth J, Sineath RC, Barzilay J, Becerra-Culqui TA, Getahun D, Giammattei S, Hunkeler E, Lash TL, Millman A, Nash R, Quinn VP, Robinson B, Roblin D, Sanchez T, Silverberg MJ, Tangpricha V, Valentine C, Winter S, Woodyatt C, Song Y, Goodman M. Association Between Gender Confirmation Treatments and Perceived Gender Congruence, Body Image Satisfaction, and Mental Health in a Cohort of Transgender Individuals. J Sex Med 2018; 15:591-600. [PMID: 29463478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgender individuals sometimes seek gender confirmation treatments (GCT), including hormone therapy (HT) and/or surgical change of the chest and genitalia ("top" and "bottom" gender confirmation surgeries). These treatments may ameliorate distress resulting from the incongruence between one's physical appearance and gender identity. AIM The aim was to examine the degree to which individuals' body-gender congruence, body image satisfaction, depression, and anxiety differed by GCT groups in cohorts of transmasculine (TM) and transfeminine (TF) individuals. METHODS The Study of Transition, Outcomes, and Gender is a cohort study of transgender individuals recruited from 3 health plans located in Georgia, Northern California, and Southern California; cohort members were recruited to complete a survey between 2015-2017. Participants were asked about: history of GCT; body-gender congruence; body image satisfaction; depression; and anxiety. Participants were categorized as having received: (1) no GCT to date; (2) HT only; (3) top surgery; (4) partial bottom surgery; and (5) definitive bottom surgery. OUTCOMES Outcomes of interest included body-gender congruence, body image satisfaction, depression, and anxiety. RESULTS Of the 2,136 individuals invited to participate, 697 subjects (33%) completed the survey, including 347 TM and 350 TF individuals. The proportion of participants with low body-gender congruence scores was significantly higher in the "no treatment" group (prevalence ratio [PR] = 3.96, 95% CI 2.72-5.75) compared to the definitive bottom surgery group. The PR for depression comparing participants who reported no treatment relative to those who had definitive surgery was 1.94 (95% CI 1.42-2.66); the corresponding PR for anxiety was 4.33 (95% CI 1.83-10.54). CLINICAL TRANSLATION Withholding or delaying GCT until depression or anxiety have been treated may not be the optimal treatment course given the benefits of reduced levels of distress after undergoing these interventions. CONCLUSIONS Strengths include the well-defined sampling frame, which allowed correcting for non-response, a sample with approximately equal numbers of TF and TM participants, and the ability to combine data on HT and gender confirmation surgeries. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and the fact that participants may not be representative of the transgender population in the United States. Body-gender congruence and body image satisfaction were higher, and depression and anxiety were lower among individuals who had more extensive GCT compared to those who received less treatment or no treatment at all. Owen-Smith AA, Gerth J, Sineath RC, et al. Association Between Gender Confirmation Treatments and Perceived Gender Congruence, Body Image Satisfaction and Mental Health in a Cohort Of Transgender Individuals. J Sex Med 2018;15:591-600.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashli A Owen-Smith
- Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, GA.
| | - Joseph Gerth
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Joshua Barzilay
- Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, GA
| | - Tracy A Becerra-Culqui
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Darios Getahun
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Shawn Giammattei
- Rockway Institute, Alliant International University, San Francisco, CA
| | - Enid Hunkeler
- Emeritus, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Timothy L Lash
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Andrea Millman
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Rebecca Nash
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Virginia P Quinn
- Emeritus, Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Brandi Robinson
- Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, GA
| | - Douglas Roblin
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, Rockville, MD
| | - Travis Sanchez
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Vin Tangpricha
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Atlanta US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Cadence Valentine
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Savannah Winter
- Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, GA
| | - Cory Woodyatt
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Yongjia Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Michael Goodman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Quinn VP, Nash R, Hunkeler E, Contreras R, Cromwell L, Becerra-Culqui TA, Getahun D, Giammattei S, Lash TL, Millman A, Robinson B, Roblin D, Silverberg MJ, Slovis J, Tangpricha V, Tolsma D, Valentine C, Ward K, Winter S, Goodman M. Cohort profile: Study of Transition, Outcomes and Gender (STRONG) to assess health status of transgender people. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e018121. [PMID: 29284718 PMCID: PMC5770907 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Study of Transition, Outcomes and Gender (STRONG) was initiated to assess the health status of transgender people in general and following gender-affirming treatments at Kaiser Permanente health plans in Georgia, Northern California and Southern California. The objectives of this communication are to describe methods of cohort ascertainment and data collection and to characterise the study population. PARTICIPANTS A stepwise methodology involving computerised searches of electronic medical records and free-text validation of eligibility and gender identity was used to identify a cohort of 6456 members with first evidence of transgender status (index date) between 2006 and 2014. The cohort included 3475 (54%) transfeminine (TF), 2892 (45%) transmasculine (TM) and 89 (1%) members whose natal sex and gender identity remained undetermined from the records. The cohort was matched to 127 608 enrollees with no transgender evidence (63 825 women and 63 783 men) on year of birth, race/ethnicity, study site and membership year of the index date. Cohort follow-up extends through the end of 2016. FINDINGS TO DATE About 58% of TF and 52% of TM cohort members received hormonal therapy at Kaiser Permanente. Chest surgery was more common among TM participants (12% vs 0.3%). The proportions of transgender participants who underwent genital reconstruction surgeries were similar (4%-5%) in the two transgender groups. Results indicate that there are sufficient numbers of events in the TF and TM cohorts to further examine mental health status, cardiovascular events, diabetes, HIV and most common cancers. FUTURE PLANS STRONG is well positioned to fill existing knowledge gaps through comparisons of transgender and reference populations and through analyses of health status before and after gender affirmation treatment. Analyses will include incidence of cardiovascular disease, mental health, HIV and diabetes, as well as changes in laboratory-based endpoints (eg, polycythemia and bone density), overall and in relation to gender affirmation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia P Quinn
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Nash
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Enid Hunkeler
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (emerita), Oakland, California, USA
| | - Richard Contreras
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Lee Cromwell
- Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tracy A Becerra-Culqui
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Darios Getahun
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Shawn Giammattei
- The Rockway Institute, Alliant International University, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Timothy L Lash
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrea Millman
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Brandi Robinson
- Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Douglas Roblin
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael J Silverberg
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Slovis
- The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Vin Tangpricha
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- The Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dennis Tolsma
- Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cadence Valentine
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Kevin Ward
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Savannah Winter
- Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael Goodman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Valentine
- ARCO Chemical Co. P.O. Box 38007 South Charleston, WV 25303
| | - T.A. Craig
- ARCO Chemical Co. P.O. Box 38007 South Charleston, WV 25303
| | - S.L. Hager
- ARCO Chemical Co. P.O. Box 38007 South Charleston, WV 25303
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Quinn VP, Becerra TA, Gillespie T, Hunkeler E, Baird T, Baisch NM, Owen-Smith A, Roblin D, Stephenson R, Tangpricha V, Valentine C, Goodman M. Embedding Patients, Providers, and Community Stakeholders in Research to Improve Transgender Health. J Patient Cent Res Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.17294/2330-0698.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ollberding N, Ward D, Cline A, Taft D, Davidson B, Yu Z, Valentine C, Newburg D, Morrow A. Human Gut Microbes Associated with Infant Weight‐for‐Length Growth. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.385.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ollberding
- Cincinnati Children's HospitalUnited States
- University of CincinnatiUnited States
| | - D. Ward
- Broad InstituteUnited States
| | - A Cline
- Cincinnati Children's HospitalUnited States
- University of CincinnatiUnited States
| | - D. Taft
- Cincinnati Children's HospitalUnited States
- University of CincinnatiUnited States
| | - B Davidson
- Cincinnati Children's HospitalUnited States
| | - Z. Yu
- Boston CollegeUnited States
| | | | | | - A Morrow
- Cincinnati Children's HospitalUnited States
- University of CincinnatiUnited States
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Dingess K, Valentine C, Davidson B, Peng Y, Guerrero ML, Ruiz‐Palacios G, Ollberding N, Summer S, Ward D, Newburg D, Brenna JT, McMahon R, Morrow A. Branch Chain Fatty Acids of Human Milk: Influenced by Maternal Diet? FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.582.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Dingess
- Perinatal Cincinnati Children's HospitalUnited States
| | - C Valentine
- Perinatal Cincinnati Children's HospitalUnited States
- NutritionMead JohnsonUnited States
| | - B Davidson
- Perinatal Cincinnati Children's HospitalUnited States
| | - Y Peng
- PediatricsShanghai Children's HospitalChina
| | - M L Guerrero
- NutritionNational Institute of Medical Sciences & NutritionMexico
| | - G Ruiz‐Palacios
- NutritionNational Institute of Medical Sciences & NutritionMexico
| | - N Ollberding
- Perinatal Cincinnati Children's HospitalUnited States
| | - S Summer
- Perinatal Cincinnati Children's HospitalUnited States
| | - D Ward
- BioinformaticsBroad InstituteUnited States
| | | | - J T Brenna
- NutritionCornell UniversityUnited States
| | | | - A Morrow
- Perinatal Cincinnati Children's HospitalUnited States
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Ward E, McCartney T, Brown DW, Grant A, Butchart A, Taylor M, Bhoorasingh P, Wong H, Morris C, Deans-Clarke AM, East J, Valentine C, Dundas S, Pinnock C. Results of an exercise to estimate the costs of interpersonal violence in Jamaica. W INDIAN MED J 2009; 58:446-451. [PMID: 20441064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This report describes the application of a draft version of the World Health Organization (WHO)/ United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Manual for estimating the economic costs of injuries due to interpersonal and self-directed violence to measure costs of injuries from interpersonal violence. METHODS Fatal incidence data was obtained from the Jamaica Constabulary Force. The incidence of nonfatal violence-related injuries that required hospitalization was estimated using data obtained from patients treated at and/or admitted to three Type A government hospitals in 2006. RESULTS During 2006, direct medical cost (J$2.1 billion) of injuries due to interpersonal violence accounted for about 12% of Jamaica's total health budget while productivity losses due to violence-related injuries accounted for approximately J$27.5 billion or 160% of Jamaica's total health expenditure and 4% of Jamaica's Gross Domestic Product. CONCLUSIONS The availability of accurate and reliable data of the highest quality from health-related information systems is critical for providing useful data on the burden of violence and injury to decision-makers. As Ministries of Health take a leading role in violence and injury prevention, data collection and information systems must have a central role. This study describes the results of one approach to examining the economic burden of interpersonal violence in developing countries where the burden of violence is heaviest. The WHO-CDC manual also tested in Thailand and Brazil is a first step towards generating a reference point for resource allocation, priority setting and prevention advocacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ward
- Violence Prevention Alliance, Jamaica, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies.
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Valentine C, East J. Subxiphoid pericardial window in stable cardiac proximity injuries. W INDIAN MED J 2003; 52:296-9. [PMID: 15040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of the subxiphoid pericardial window (SPW) in evaluating stable patients with cardiac proximity injuries is presented in a short case series. There were 11 patients with four positive and seven negative SPW. There was one false positive and no false negatives. Review of the literature on the use of the SPW as a diagnostic tool in evaluating cardiac proximity injuries shows the SPW to be a rapid and reliable method of detecting occult cardiac injuries, and is especially useful in areas where emergency echocardiography is not available.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Echocardiography
- Electrocardiography
- False Positive Reactions
- Heart Ventricles/injuries
- Heart Ventricles/surgery
- Humans
- Jamaica
- Male
- Myocardium/pathology
- Pericardial Window Techniques
- Pericardium/injuries
- Pericardium/surgery
- Radiography, Interventional
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Analysis
- Treatment Outcome
- Wounds, Gunshot/diagnosis
- Wounds, Gunshot/mortality
- Wounds, Gunshot/surgery
- Wounds, Penetrating/diagnosis
- Wounds, Penetrating/mortality
- Wounds, Penetrating/surgery
- Wounds, Stab/diagnosis
- Wounds, Stab/mortality
- Wounds, Stab/surgery
- Xiphoid Bone/injuries
- Xiphoid Bone/surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- C Valentine
- Department of Surgery, Cornwall Regional Hospital, Montego Bay, Jamaica, West Indies.
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Valentine C. Personal accounts: luck of the draw. Psychiatr Serv 2001; 52:463-4. [PMID: 11274490 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.52.4.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Webb P, Anderson CM, Valentine C, Nguyen P, Marimuthu A, West BL, Baxter JD, Kushner PJ. The nuclear receptor corepressor (N-CoR) contains three isoleucine motifs (I/LXXII) that serve as receptor interaction domains (IDs). Mol Endocrinol 2000; 14:1976-85. [PMID: 11117528 DOI: 10.1210/mend.14.12.0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unliganded thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) repress transcription through recruitment of corepressors, including nuclear receptor corepressor (N-CoR). We find that N-CoR contains three interaction domains (IDs) that bind to TR, rather than the previously reported two. The hitherto unrecognized ID (ID3) serves as a fully functional TR binding site, both in vivo and in vitro, and may be the most important for TR binding. Each ID motif contains a conserved hydrophobic core (I/LXXII) that resembles the hydrophobic core of nuclear receptor boxes (LXXLL), which mediates p160 coactivator binding to liganded nuclear receptors. Although the integrity of the I/LXXII motif is required for ID function, substitution of ID isoleucines with leucines did not allow ID peptides to bind to liganded TR, and substitution of NR box leucines with isoleucines did not allow NR box peptides to bind unliganded TR. This indicates that the binding preferences of N-CoR for unliganded TR and p160s for liganded TR are not dictated solely by the identity of conserved hydrophobic residues within their TR binding motifs. Examination of sequence conservation between IDs, and mutational analysis of individual IDs, suggests that they are comprised of the central hydrophobic core and distinct adjacent sequences that may make unique contacts with the TR surface. Accordingly, a hybrid peptide that contains distinct adjacent sequences from ID3 and ID1 shows enhanced binding to TR.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Webb
- Metabolic Research Unit, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco 94143-0540, USA
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Webb P, Nguyen P, Valentine C, Weatherman RV, Scanlan TS, Kushner PJ. An antiestrogen-responsive estrogen receptor-alpha mutant (D351Y) shows weak AF-2 activity in the presence of tamoxifen. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:37552-8. [PMID: 10986290 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m007435200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiestrogens, including tamoxifen and raloxifene, block estrogen receptor (ER) action by blocking the interactions of an estrogen-dependent activation function (AF-2) with p160 coactivators. Although tamoxifen does show some agonist activity in the presence of ERalpha, this stems from a distinct constitutive activation function (AF-1) that lies within the ERalpha N terminus. Previous studies identified a naturally occurring mutation (D351Y) that allows ERalpha to perceive tamoxifen and raloxifene as estrogens. Here, we examine the contributions of ERalpha activation functions to the D351Y phenotype. We find that the AF-2 function of ERalpha D351Y lacks detectable tamoxifen-dependent activity when tested in isolation but does synergize with AF-1 to allow enhanced tamoxifen response. Weak tamoxifen-dependent interactions between the ERalpha D351Y AF-2 function and GRIP1, a representative p160, can be detected in glutathione S-transferase binding assays and mammalian two-hybrid assays. Furthermore, tamoxifen-dependent AF-2 activity can be detected in the presence of ERalpha D351Y and high levels of overexpressed GRIP1. We therefore propose that the D351Y mutation allows weak tamoxifen-dependent AF-2 activity but that this activity is only detectable when AF-1 is strong, and AF-1 and AF-2 synergize, or when p160s are overexpressed. We discuss the possible structural basis of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Webb
- Metabolic Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0540, USA.
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16
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Webb P, Nguyen P, Valentine C, Lopez GN, Kwok GR, McInerney E, Katzenellenbogen BS, Enmark E, Gustafsson JA, Nilsson S, Kushner PJ. The estrogen receptor enhances AP-1 activity by two distinct mechanisms with different requirements for receptor transactivation functions. Mol Endocrinol 1999; 13:1672-85. [PMID: 10517669 DOI: 10.1210/mend.13.10.0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERs alpha and beta) enhance transcription in response to estrogens by binding to estrogen response elements (EREs) within target genes and utilizing transactivation functions (AF-1 and AF-2) to recruit p160 coactivator proteins. The ERs also enhance transcription in response to estrogens and antiestrogens by modulating the activity of the AP-1 protein complex. Here, we examine the role of AF-1 and AF-2 in ER action at AP-1 sites. Estrogen responses at AP-1 sites require the integrity of the ERalpha AF-1 and AF-2 activation surfaces and the complementary surfaces on the p160 coactivator GRIP1 (glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein 1), the NID/AF-1 region, and NR boxes. Thus, estrogen-liganded ERalpha utilizes the same protein-protein contacts to transactivate at EREs and AP-1 sites. In contrast, antiestrogen responses are strongly inhibited by ERalpha AF-1 and weakly inhibited by AF-2. Indeed, ERalpha truncations that lack AF-1 enhance AP-1 activity in the presence of antiestrogens, but not estrogens. This phenotype resembles ERbeta, which naturally lacks constitutive AF-1 activity. We conclude that the ERs enhance AP-1 responsive transcription by distinct mechanisms with different requirements for ER transactivation functions. We suggest that estrogen-liganded ER enhances AP-1 activity via interactions with p160s and speculate that antiestrogen-liganded ER enhances AP-1 activity via interactions with corepressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Webb
- Metabolic Research Unit, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco 94143, USA
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Johnson MR, Valentine C, Basilico C, Mansukhani A. FGF signaling activates STAT1 and p21 and inhibits the estrogen response and proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Oncogene 1998; 16:2647-56. [PMID: 9632141 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1201789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Normal breast tissue as well as most breast tumors are dependent on estrogen for growth. Breast tumors often progress to a hormone-independent state which is associated with poor prognosis. It has been proposed that activation of growth factor signaling pathways in the tumor cells may free them from hormonal control. Certain growth factors can mimic estrogen responses by activating the estrogen receptor via its phosphorylation by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. In this report, however, we show that fibroblast growth factor (FGF), despite activating MAP kinase, is growth-inhibitory for estrogen-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells treated with FGFs exhibit slower growth than controls in both the presence and absence of estrogen, with a concomitant increase in the number of cells in G0/G1. Expression of a constitutively activated FGF receptor in these cells further decreases their growth rate, which is no longer influenced by FGF treatment. Activation of the FGF signaling pathway also reduces the induction of an estrogen-responsive CAT reporter plasmid by estrogen, an effect which appears to be independent of serine 118 in the estrogen receptor, a MAP kinase target site. The inhibitory effects of FGF are probably mediated through the sustained induction of the cyclin kinase inhibitor p21/WAF1/CIP1, which is upregulated at the mRNA and protein level by FGF. FGF treatment also results in the phosphorylation of STAT1. This upregulation of p21 and phosphorylation of STAT1 is not detectable in T47D breast cancer cells upon which FGF has no inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and the Kaplan Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA
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Jones GL, Bligh JG, Valentine C. Venus and Freud: an educational opportunity? Genitourin Med 1996; 72:290-4. [PMID: 8976838 PMCID: PMC1195682 DOI: 10.1136/sti.72.4.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss the importance of genitourinary medicine as a core component for a new problem based medical undergraduate curriculum and to describe the advantages of consensus group method as a means of identifying learning objectives for an integrated course. METHODS A group of experts in the field of sexual health was convened around the module on sexual health. It was led by a genitourinary specialist and aided by a curriculum facilitator. Group contributors represented a wide variety of disciplines and included a medical student. The group met on three occasions for 1.5 hours. RESULTS The identified learning objectives are presented under the course themes. The values and relevance of the individual objectives are discussed with particular reference to an integrated curriculum which combines clinical and basic science in a problem based learning (PBL) format. The communication skills and attitudes necessary to take a competent sexual history are stressed. Links with other relevant modules in the PBL curriculum are described to show how the topic of sexual health develops throughout the course. Learning methods, resources and assessment procedures are also outlined. CONCLUSION The educational potential of sexual health and behaviour as a core topic for a novel integrated course is considerable and merits a greater importance than it appears to receive in current undergraduate courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Jones
- University Medical Education Unit, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK
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Tong CY, Valentine C, Arya OP. Comparison of an automated enzyme immunoassay with a direct fluorescent antibody test and polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in diagnostic specimens from male patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1996; 15:336-40. [PMID: 8781887 DOI: 10.1007/bf01695668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Endourethral swabs and first-pass urine (FPU) samples from 148 male patients were tested for Chlamydia trachomatis by an automated enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Vidas; bioMérieux, France), a direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test (MicroTrak; Syva, USA) and two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Chlamydia trachomatis was considered present if a specimen was positive by at least two methods. This expanded criterion identified 27 patients (18%) as truly infected. One of the PCR methods was most sensitive for both types of specimen. When the recommended cut-off value of Vidas was reduced by 50%, its sensitivity on endourethral swabs was comparable to that of the DFA test, but the DFA test performed better with FPU. In general, FPU was suitable only for PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Genito-Urinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
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Valentine C. The IPA movement--a status report. S Afr Med J 1995; 85:1037-8. [PMID: 8596979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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King R, Estey J, Allen S, Kegeles S, Wolf W, Valentine C, Serufilira A. A family planning intervention to reduce vertical transmission of HIV in Rwanda. AIDS 1995; 9 Suppl 1:S45-51. [PMID: 8562000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since contraception is an effective way of preventing the vertical transmission of HIV, we evaluated the impact of a family planning intervention on hormonal contraceptive use and incident pregnancy in a group of HIV-positive and HIV-negative urban Rwandan women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In a longitudinal cohort study, 502 women who were not pregnant or infertile and who had been previously HIV tested and counseled viewed an informational video about hormonal contraception followed by a facilitated discussion. They were given access to oral or injectable hormonal contraception and Norplant at the research clinic; those who used these methods were seen every 3 months. RESULTS Of the 330 HIV-positive and 172 HIV-negative women who underwent the intervention, 120 either became new hormonal method users (n = 40), continued their previous use of a hormonal method (n = 64), or switched to another hormonal method (n = 16) following the intervention. There was a shift to use of longer lasting hormonal methods, and the annualized attrition rate was < 15%, compared to > 50% prior to the intervention. Rates of oral and injectable contraceptive use were similar among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. Nine per cent of HIV-positive women became pregnant in the year after the intervention compared to 22% in a prior 12 month period when contraceptives were not provided at the study site. The corresponding proportions for HIV-negative women were 20% after the intervention versus 30% before the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Access to and information about hormonal contraceptives resulted in increased use and reduced attrition among both HIV-positive and HIV-negative women in this study. The reduction in incident pregnancy was greatest among HIV-positive women, suggesting that factors other than access to hormonal contraceptives may have influenced fertility outcomes. Knowledge of HIV serostatus may have an important influence on family planning decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R King
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, USA
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Abstract
Priming of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with low-volume feedings before giving full enteral feedings to very premature, high-risk infants is a controversial practice. We designed a study of infants weighing less than 1,250 g and receiving total parenteral nutrition to determine whether GI priming would hasten weight gain, improve tolerance of subsequent feedings, enhance nutritional status, and increase serum concentration of gastrin, a hormone trophic for intestinal growth. Infants were randomly assigned to receive total parenteral nutrition (TPN) alone (N = 21) or GI priming plus TPN (N = 19) for 12 days beginning on day 3 of life. Full-strength premature infant formula was used for priming. Both groups received the same total nutrition. Beginning on day 15, feedings in both groups were increased daily to a maximum of 120 kcal/kg/day on day 20, where they were maintained until day 30. After day 30, the feedings were modified according to the infants' condition. The groups did not differ in birth weight, gestational age, or 5-min Apgar scores. GI-primed infants had improved feeding tolerance after day 20 and a faster rise in serum gastrin during the initial phase of the study. There was no significant difference in weight gain. GI priming improves tolerance of feedings, accelerates rate of rise of serum gastrin during the first weeks of life, and does not increase the risk of feeding complications when compared to TPN alone. This may lead to more rapid maturation of the GI tract in primed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Meetze
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
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Abstract
Technological advances in the intensive care of low birth weight (LBW) infants have resulted in major increases in their survival. New challenges in meeting their nutritional needs have emerged. Very low birth (VLBW) weight infants have very little body fat or glycogen reserves at birth, making them susceptible to starvation. If fed enterally, they require at least 120 calories/kg per day for growth. Numerous immaturities in the gastrointestinal tract and liver limit protein digestion, absorption, and metabolism. Several amino acids not considered essential to the older child or adult are essential to the VLBW infant. Supplying a high protein load with an inappropriate amino acid composition may lead to metabolic imbalances. The digestion and absorption of fats differs from the older child or adult. Lingual and gastric lipases are important, and the lack of bile acids limits fat absorption. Lipoprotein lipase deficiency causes problems when too much fat or fat of incorrect composition is provided. There are controversies regarding the most appropriate carbohydrate source, but research shows that lactose remains an important carbohydrate source for most of these infants. Calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus requirements pose questions in both enterally and parenterally nourished infants. Studies of iron usage suggest that VLBW infants fed either human milk or formula should receive iron supplements. Vitamin E may be helpful in preventing oxygen toxicity. Vitamin D deficiency contributes to bone demineralization and rickets. Controversy exists regarding the correlation between vitamin A nutrition and development of chronic lung disease. Guidelines have been developed for recommended intakes, but much needs to be learned to provide a sound scientific basis upon which to provide optimal nourishment for the high risk, LBW infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Neu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610
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Kalogredis VJ, Valentine C. The "write" agreement is vital for associateships. Dent Econ 1986; 76:71-2, 74, 78 passim. [PMID: 3460888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Wade RA, Valentine C. You probably need more than a will. Pa Med 1986; 89:56-8. [PMID: 3725394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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