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Porto-Pedrosa MLM, de Miranda CDM, Lopes ME, Nakagaki BN, Mafra K, de Paula CMP, Diniz AB, Costa KMDO, Antunes MM, Oliveira AG, Balderas R, Lopes RP, Menezes GB. High-dimensional intravital microscopy reveals major changes in splenic immune system during postnatal development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1002919. [PMID: 36531990 PMCID: PMC9755845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Spleen is a key organ for immunologic surveillance, acting as a firewall for antigens and parasites that spread through the blood. However, how spleen leukocytes evolve across the developmental phase, and how they spatially organize and interact in vivo is still poorly understood. Using a novel combination of selected antibodies and fluorophores to image in vivo the spleen immune environment, we described for the first time the dynamics of immune development across postnatal period. We found that spleens from adults and infants had similar numbers and arrangement of lymphoid cells. In contrast, splenic immune environment in newborns is sharply different from adults in almost all parameters analysed. Using this in vivo approach, B cells were the most frequent subtype throughout the development. Also, we revealed how infections - using a model of malaria - can change the spleen immune profile in adults and infants, which could become the key to understanding different severity grades of infection. Our new imaging solutions can be extremely useful for different groups in all areas of biological investigation, paving a way for new intravital approaches and advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza Mundim Porto-Pedrosa
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila Dutra Moreira de Miranda
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mateus Eustáquio Lopes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Brenda Naemi Nakagaki
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kassiana Mafra
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cristina Maria Pinto de Paula
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ariane Barros Diniz
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karen Marques de Oliveira Costa
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maisa Mota Antunes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Gustavo Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robert Balderas
- BD Biosciences, Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Rodrigo Pestana Lopes
- BD Biosciences, Department of Medical & Scientific Affairs, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Batista Menezes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil,*Correspondence: Gustavo Batista Menezes,
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Diniz AB, Antunes MM, Lacerda VADS, Nakagaki BN, Freitas Lopes MA, Castro-Oliveira HMD, Mattos MS, Mafra K, de Miranda CDM, de Oliveira Costa KM, Lopes ME, Alvarenga DM, Carvalho-Gontijo R, Marchesi SC, Lacerda DR, de Araújo AM, de Carvalho É, David BA, Santos MM, Lima CX, Silva Gomes JA, Minto Fontes Cal TC, de Souza BR, Couto CA, Faria LC, Teixeira Vidigal PV, Matos Ferreira AV, Radhakrishnnan S, Ricci M, Oliveira AG, Rezende RM, Menezes GB. Imaging and immunometabolic phenotyping uncover changes in the hepatic immune response in the early phases of NAFLD. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100117. [PMID: 32695965 PMCID: PMC7365949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The precise determination of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) onset is challenging. Thus, the initial hepatic responses to fat accumulation, which may be fundamental to our understanding of NAFLD evolution and clinical outcomes, are largely unknown. Herein, we chronologically mapped the immunologic and metabolic changes in the liver during the early stages of fatty liver disease in mice and compared this with human NAFLD samples. Methods Liver biopsies from patients with NAFLD (NAFLD activity score [NAS] 2–3) were collected for gene expression profiling. Mice received a high-fat diet for short periods to mimic initial steatosis and the hepatic immune response was investigated using a combination of confocal intravital imaging, gene expression, cell isolation, flow cytometry and bone marrow transplantation assays. Results We observed major immunologic changes in patients with NAS 2–3 and in mice in the initial stages of NAFLD. In mice, these changes significantly increased mortality rates upon drug-induced liver injury, as well as predisposing mice to bacterial infections. Moreover, deletion of Toll-like receptor 4 in liver cells dampened tolerogenesis, particularly in Kupffer cells, in the initial stages of dietary insult. Conclusion The hepatic immune system acts as a sentinel for early and minor changes in hepatic lipid content, mounting a biphasic response upon dietary insult. Priming of liver immune cells by gut-derived Toll-like receptor 4 ligands plays an important role in liver tolerance in initial phases, but continuous exposure to insults may lead to damage and reduced ability to control infections. Lay summary Fatty liver is a very common form of hepatic disease, leading to millions of cases of cirrhosis every year. Patients are often asymptomatic until becoming very sick. Therefore, it is important that we expand our knowledge of the early stages of disease pathogenesis, to enable early diagnosis. Herein, we show that even in the early stages of fatty liver disease, there are significant alterations in genes involved in the inflammatory response, suggesting that the hepatic immune system is disturbed even following minor and undetectable changes in liver fat content. This could have implications for the diagnosis and clinical management of fatty liver disease. Hepatic immune response is already altered in liver biopsies from patients with mild NAFLD. We designed a novel mouse model to mimic mild NAFLD, enabling the chronological mapping of liver changes. This revealed an increased mortality rate upon secondary liver damage and a window of increased susceptibility to infection. NAFLD diagnosis may be significantly improved by a more profound investigation of changes in hepatic immunology. These data could guide customized nutritional and therapeutic interventions at different stages of NAFLD.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- APAP, acetaminophen
- CFUs, colony forming units
- DCs, dendritic cells
- E. coli, Escherichia coli
- HFD, high-fat diet
- ITT, insulin tolerance test
- KCs, Kupffer cells
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NAS, NAFLD activity score
- NPCs, non-parenchymal cells
- SD, standard diet
- TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4
- WT, wild-type
- diet
- immune system
- immunity
- in vivo imaging
- liver
- metabolism
- steatosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Barros Diniz
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maísa Mota Antunes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Viviane Aparecida de Souza Lacerda
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Brenda Naemi Nakagaki
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Freitas Lopes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Hortência Maciel de Castro-Oliveira
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Matheus Silvério Mattos
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Kassiana Mafra
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Camila Dutra Moreira de Miranda
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Karen Marques de Oliveira Costa
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mateus Eustáquio Lopes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Débora Moreira Alvarenga
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Sarah Cozzer Marchesi
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Alan Moreira de Araújo
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Érika de Carvalho
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Mônica Morais Santos
- Laboratório de Morfologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Xavier Lima
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruna Roque de Souza
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Alves Couto
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luciana Costa Faria
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rafael Machado Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo Batista Menezes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Address: Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627 - Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil. Tel./fax: +5531 3409 3015.
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Mattos MS, Lopes ME, de Araujo AM, Alvarenga DM, Nakagaki BN, Mafra K, de Miranda CDM, Diniz AB, Antunes MM, Lopes MAF, Rezende RM, Menezes GB. Prolonged neutrophil survival at necrotic sites is a fundamental feature for tissue recovery and resolution of hepatic inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1199-1213. [PMID: 32422690 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ma0420-634r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils were classically described as powerful effectors of acute inflammation, and their main purpose was assumed to be restricted to pathogen killing through production of oxidants. As consequence, neutrophils also may lead to significant collateral damage to the healthy tissues, and after performing these tasks, these leukocytes are supposed to die within tissues. However, there is a growing body of evidence showing that neutrophils also play a pivotal role in the resolution phases of inflammation, because they can modulate tissue environment due to secretion of different kind of cytokines. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a worldwide concern being one of the most prevalent causes of liver transplantation, and is well established that there is an intense neutrophil recruitment into necrotic liver during DILI. However, information if such abundant granulocyte infiltration is also linked to the tissue repairing phase of hepatic injury is still largely elusive. Here, we investigated the dynamics of neutrophil trafficking within blood, bone marrow, and liver during hepatic inflammation, and how changes in their gene expression profile could drive the resolution events during acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury. We found that neutrophils remained viable during longer periods following liver damage, because they avidly patrolled necrotic areas and up-regulated pro-resolutive genes, including Tgfb, Il1r2, and Fpr2. Adoptive transference of "resolutive neutrophils" harvested from livers at 72 h after injury to mice at the initial phases of injury (6 h after APAP) significantly rescued organ injury. Thus, we provide novel insights on the role of neutrophils not only in the injury amplification, but also in the resolution phases of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Silvério Mattos
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mateus Eustáquio Lopes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alan Moreira de Araujo
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Débora Moreira Alvarenga
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Brenda Naemi Nakagaki
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kassiana Mafra
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila Dutra Moreira de Miranda
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ariane Barros Diniz
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maísa Mota Antunes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Freitas Lopes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Machado Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gustavo Batista Menezes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Alvarenga DM, Mattos MS, Lopes ME, Marchesi SC, Araújo AM, Nakagaki BN, Santos MM, David BA, De Souza VA, Carvalho É, Sousa Pereira RV, Marques PE, Mafra K, de Castro Oliveira HM, de Miranda CDM, Diniz AB, de Oliveira THC, Teixeira MM, Rezende RM, Antunes MM, Menezes GB. Paradoxical Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Liver Injury and Regeneration after Sterile Acute Hepatic Failure. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120247. [PMID: 30563238 PMCID: PMC6315354 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) poisoning is one of the leading causes of acute hepatic failure and liver transplantation is often the only lifesaving alternative. During the course of hepatocyte necrosis, an intense accumulation of neutrophils is often observed within the liver microenvironment. Despite the classic idea that neutrophil accumulation in tissues causes collateral tissue damage, there is a growing body of evidence showing that neutrophils can also orchestrate the resolution of inflammation. In this work, drug-induced liver injury was induced by oral administration of APAP and pharmacological intervention was made 12 h after this challenge. Liver injury and repair kinetics were evaluated by a novel combination of enzyme quantifications, ELISA, specific antagonists of neutrophil enzymes and confocal intravital microscopy. We have demonstrated that neutrophil infiltration is not only involved in injury amplification, but also in liver tissue repair after APAP-induced liver injury. In fact, while neutrophil depletion led to reduced hepatic necrosis during APAP poisoning, injury recovery was also delayed in neutropenic mice. The mechanisms underlying the neutrophil reparative role involved rapid degranulation and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity. Our data highlights the crucial role of neutrophils, in particular for MMPs, in the resolution phase of APAP-induced inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Moreira Alvarenga
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Silvério Mattos
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Mateus Eustáquio Lopes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Sarah Cozzer Marchesi
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Alan Moreira Araújo
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Brenda Naemi Nakagaki
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Mônica Morais Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal De Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Araújo David
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Viviane Aparecida De Souza
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Érika Carvalho
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Kassiana Mafra
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Hortência Maciel de Castro Oliveira
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Camila Dutra Moreira de Miranda
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Ariane Barros Diniz
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Henrique Caldeira de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Machado Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Maísa Mota Antunes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Batista Menezes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
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Nakagaki BN, Mafra K, de Carvalho É, Lopes ME, Carvalho-Gontijo R, de Castro-Oliveira HM, Campolina-Silva GH, de Miranda CDM, Antunes MM, Silva ACC, Diniz AB, Alvarenga DM, Lopes MAF, de Souza Lacerda VA, Mattos MS, Araújo AM, Vidigal PVT, Lima CX, Mahecha GAB, Madeira MFM, Fernandes GR, Nogueira RF, Moreira TG, David BA, Rezende RM, Menezes GB. Immune and metabolic shifts during neonatal development reprogram liver identity and function. J Hepatol 2018; 69:1294-1307. [PMID: 30171870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The liver is the main hematopoietic site in embryos, becoming a crucial organ in both immunity and metabolism in adults. However, how the liver adapts both the immune system and enzymatic profile to challenges in the postnatal period remains elusive. We aimed to identify the mechanisms underlying this adaptation. METHODS We analyzed liver samples from mice on day 0 after birth until adulthood. Human biopsies from newborns and adults were also examined. Liver immune cells were phenotyped using mass cytometry (CyTOF) and expression of several genes belonging to immune and metabolic pathways were measured. Mortality rate, bacteremia and hepatic bacterial retention after E. coli challenge were analyzed using intravital and in vitro approaches. In a set of experiments, mice were prematurely weaned and the impact on gene expression of metabolic pathways was evaluated. RESULTS Human and mouse newborns have a sharply different hepatic cellular composition and arrangement compared to adults. We also found that myeloid cells and immature B cells primarily compose the neonatal hepatic immune system. Although neonatal mice were more susceptible to infections, a rapid evolution to an efficient immune response was observed. Concomitantly, newborns displayed a reduction of several macronutrient metabolic functions and the normal expression level of enzymes belonging to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism was reached around the weaning period. Interestingly, early weaning profoundly disturbed the expression of several hepatic metabolic pathways, providing novel insights into how dietary schemes affect the metabolic maturation of the liver. CONCLUSION In newborns, the immune and metabolic profiles of the liver are dramatically different to those of the adult liver, which can be explained by the differences in the liver cell repertoire and phenotype. Also, dietary and antigen cues may be crucial to guide liver development during the postnatal phase. LAY SUMMARY Newborns face major challenges in the extra-uterine life. In fact, organs need to modify their cellular composition and gene expression profile in order to adapt to changes in both microbiota and diet throughout life. The liver is interposed between the gastrointestinal system and the systemic circulation, being the destination of all macronutrients and microbial products from the gut. Therefore, it is expected that delicately balanced mechanisms govern the transformation of a neonatal liver to a key organ in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Naemi Nakagaki
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Kassiana Mafra
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Érika de Carvalho
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mateus Eustáquio Lopes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Raquel Carvalho-Gontijo
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Hortência Maciel de Castro-Oliveira
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Henrique Campolina-Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Camila Dutra Moreira de Miranda
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maísa Mota Antunes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Carvalho Silva
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ariane Barros Diniz
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Débora Moreira Alvarenga
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Freitas Lopes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Viviane Aparecida de Souza Lacerda
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Matheus Silvério Mattos
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alan Moreira Araújo
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Paula Vieira Teixeira Vidigal
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Xavier Lima
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Germán A B Mahecha
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mila Fernandes Moreira Madeira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thais Garcias Moreira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rafael Machado Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo Batista Menezes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
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