1
|
Rosa IF, Peçanha APB, Carvalho TRB, Alexandre LS, Ferreira VG, Doretto LB, Souza BM, Nakajima RT, da Silva P, Barbosa AP, Gomes-de-Pontes L, Bomfim CG, Machado-Santelli GM, Condino-Neto A, Guzzo CR, Peron JPS, Andrade-Silva M, Câmara NOS, Garnique AMB, Medeiros RJ, Ferraris FK, Barcellos LJG, Correia-Junior JD, Galindo-Villegas J, Machado MFR, Castoldi A, Oliveira SL, Costa CC, Belo MAA, Galdino G, Sgro GG, Bueno NF, Eto SF, Veras FP, Fernandes BHV, Sanches PRS, Cilli EM, Malafaia G, Nóbrega RH, Garcez AS, Carrilho E, Charlie-Silva I. Photobiomodulation Reduces the Cytokine Storm Syndrome Associated with COVID-19 in the Zebrafish Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076104. [PMID: 37047078 PMCID: PMC10094635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the exact mechanism of the pathogenesis of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is not fully understood, oxidative stress and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been highlighted as playing a vital role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this sense, alternative treatments are needed to reduce the level of inflammation caused by COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential effect of red photobiomodulation (PBM) as an attractive therapy to downregulate the cytokine storm caused by COVID-19 in a zebrafish model. RT-qPCR analyses and protein-protein interaction prediction among SARS-CoV-2 and Danio rerio proteins showed that recombinant Spike protein (rSpike) was responsible for generating systemic inflammatory processes with significantly increased levels of pro-inflammatory (il1b, il6, tnfa, and nfkbiab), oxidative stress (romo1) and energy metabolism (slc2a1a and coa1) mRNA markers, with a pattern similar to those observed in COVID-19 cases in humans. On the other hand, PBM treatment was able to decrease the mRNA levels of these pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers compared with rSpike in various tissues, promoting an anti-inflammatory response. Conversely, PBM promotes cellular and tissue repair of injured tissues and significantly increases the survival rate of rSpike-inoculated individuals. Additionally, metabolomics analysis showed that the most-impacted metabolic pathways between PBM and the rSpike treated groups were related to steroid metabolism, immune system, and lipid metabolism. Together, our findings suggest that the inflammatory process is an incisive feature of COVID-19 and red PBM can be used as a novel therapeutic agent for COVID-19 by regulating the inflammatory response. Nevertheless, the need for more clinical trials remains, and there is a significant gap to overcome before clinical trials can commence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana F Rosa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Ana P B Peçanha
- Department of Orthodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic College, Campinas 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Tábata R B Carvalho
- Department of Orthodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic College, Campinas 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Leonardo S Alexandre
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil
- The National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalyses, INCTBio, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Vinícius G Ferreira
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil
- The National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalyses, INCTBio, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Doretto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Souza
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Rafael T Nakajima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Patrick da Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Ana P Barbosa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Leticia Gomes-de-Pontes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Camila G Bomfim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Condino-Neto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Cristiane R Guzzo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Jean P S Peron
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Magaiver Andrade-Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Câmara
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Anali M B Garnique
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leonardo J G Barcellos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Peixes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Jose D Correia-Junior
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Jorge Galindo-Villegas
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026 Bodø, Norway
| | - Mônica F R Machado
- Biological Sciences Special Academic Unit, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai 75804-020, Brazil
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Keizo Asami Institute, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Susana L Oliveira
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Camila C Costa
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Marco A A Belo
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Giovane Galdino
- Institute of Motricity Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Germán G Sgro
- Departamento de Ciências Biomoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Natalia F Bueno
- Integrated Structural Biology Platform, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ Paraná, Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil
| | - Silas F Eto
- Center of Innovation and Development, Laboratory of Development and Innovation Butantan Institute, São Paulo 69310-000, Brazil
| | - Flávio P Veras
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Bianca H V Fernandes
- Laboratory of Genetic and Sanitary Control, Technical Board of Support for Teaching and Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Paulo R S Sanches
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Cilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, Urutaí 75790-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael H Nóbrega
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Aguinaldo S Garcez
- Department of Orthodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic College, Campinas 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil
- The National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalyses, INCTBio, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ives Charlie-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Silva EKVB, Bomfim CG, Barbosa AP, Noda P, Noronha IL, Fernandes BHV, Machado RRG, Durigon EL, Catanozi S, Rodrigues LG, Pieroni F, Lima SG, Teodoro WR, Queiroz ZAJ, Silveira LKR, Charlie-Silva I, Capelozzi VL, Guzzo CR, Fanelli C. Immunization with SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein triggers a pulmonary immune response in rats. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268434. [PMID: 35609032 PMCID: PMC9129034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have been affecting millions of people worldwide, since the beginning of 2020. COVID-19 can cause a wide range of clinical symptoms, which varies from asymptomatic presentation to severe respiratory insufficiency, exacerbation of immune response, disseminated microthrombosis and multiple organ failure, which may lead to dead. Due to the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, the development of vaccines to minimize COVID-19 severity in the world population is imperious. One of the employed techniques to produce vaccines against emerging viruses is the synthesis of recombinant proteins, which can be used as immunizing agents. Based on the exposed, the aim of the present study was to verify the systemic and immunological effects of IM administration of recombinant Nucleocapsid protein (NP), derived from SARS-CoV-2 and produced by this research group, in 2 different strains of rats (Rattus norvegicus); Wistar and Lewis. For this purpose, experimental animals received 4 injections of NP, once a week, and were submitted to biochemical and histological analysis. Our results showed that NP inoculations were safe for the animals, which presented no clinical symptoms of worrying side effects, nor laboratorial alterations in the main biochemical and histological parameters, suggesting the absence of toxicity induced by NP. Moreover, NP injections successfully triggered the production of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies by both Wistar and Lewis rats, showing the sensitization to have been well sufficient for the immunization of these strains of rats. Additionally, we observed the local lung activation of the Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) of rats in the NP groups, suggesting that NP elicits specific lung immune response. Although pre-clinical and clinical studies are still required, our data support the recombinant NP produced by this research group as a potential immunizing agent for massive vaccination, and may represent advantages upon other recombinant proteins, since it seems to induce specific pulmonary protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Everidiene K. V. B. Silva
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila G. Bomfim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P. Barbosa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paloma Noda
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irene L. Noronha
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca H. V. Fernandes
- Laboratório de Controle Genético e Sanitário, Diretoria Técnica de Apoio ao Ensino e Pesquisa, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael R. G. Machado
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edison L. Durigon
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Catanozi
- Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia G. Rodrigues
- Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio G. Lima
- Labinbraz Comercial Ltda. - Wiener lab, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walcy R. Teodoro
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo - SP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zelita A. J. Queiroz
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo - SP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lizandre K. R. Silveira
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo - SP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ives Charlie-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera L. Capelozzi
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo - SP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane R. Guzzo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camilla Fanelli
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|