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Murphy SL, Halvorsen B, Holter JC, Huse C, Tveita A, Trøseid M, Hoel H, Kildal AB, Holten AR, Lerum TV, Skjønsberg OH, Michelsen AE, Aaløkken TM, Tonby K, Lind A, Dudman S, Granerud BK, Heggelund L, Bøe S, Dyrholt-Riise AM, Aukrust P, Barratt-Due A, Ueland T, Dahl TB. Circulating markers of extracellular matrix remodelling in severe COVID-19 patients. J Intern Med 2023; 294:784-797. [PMID: 37718572 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has generally been linked to pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis and may also play a role in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. To further elucidate the role of ECM remodelling and excessive fibrogenesis in severe COVID-19, we examined circulating levels of mediators involved in various aspects of these processes in COVID-19 patients. METHODS Serial blood samples were obtained from two cohorts of hospitalised COVID-19 patients (n = 414). Circulating levels of ECM remodelling mediators were quantified by enzyme immunoassays in samples collected during hospitalisation and at 3-month follow-up. Samples were related to disease severity (respiratory failure and/or treatment at the intensive care unit), 60-day total mortality and pulmonary pathology after 3-months. We also evaluated the direct effect of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 on the release of the different ECM mediators in relevant cell lines. RESULTS Several of the measured markers were associated with adverse outcomes, notably osteopontin (OPN), S100 calcium-binding protein A12 and YKL-40 were associated with disease severity and mortality. High levels of ECM mediators during hospitalisation were associated with computed tomography thorax pathology after 3-months. Some markers (i.e. growth differential factor 15, galectin 3 and matrix metalloproteinase 9) were released from various relevant cell lines (i.e. macrophages and lung cell lines) in vitro after exposure to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 suggesting a direct link between these mediators and the causal agent of COVID-19. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight changes to ECM remodelling and particularly a possible role of OPN, S100A12 and YKL-40 in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Louise Murphy
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jan Cato Holter
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Huse
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Tveita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baerum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Trøseid
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hedda Hoel
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Benjamin Kildal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Aleksander Rygh Holten
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tøri Vigeland Lerum
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Henning Skjønsberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond M Aaløkken
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Tonby
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Lind
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne Dudman
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beathe Kiland Granerud
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Heggelund
- Department of Internal Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simen Bøe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hammerfest County Hospital, Hammerfest, Norway
| | - Anne Ma Dyrholt-Riise
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Barratt-Due
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Thrombosis Research Center (TREC), Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tuva Børresdatter Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Woxholt S, Ueland T, Aukrust P, Anstensrud AK, Broch K, Tøllefsen IM, Ryan L, Bendz B, Hopp E, Kløw NE, Seljeflot I, Halvorsen B, Dahl TB, Huse C, Andersen GØ, Gullestad L, Wiseth R, Amundsen BH, Damas JK, Kleveland O. Cytokine pattern in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with the interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab. Open Heart 2023; 10:e002301. [PMID: 37591633 PMCID: PMC10441101 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2023-002301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tocilizumab improves myocardial salvage index (MSI) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but its mechanisms of action are unclear. Here, we explored how cytokines were affected by tocilizumab and their correlations with neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CRP), troponin T, MSI and infarct size. METHODS STEMI patients were randomised to receive a single dose of 280 mg tocilizumab (n=101) or placebo (n=98) before percutaneous coronary intervention. Blood samples were collected before infusion of tocilizumab or placebo at baseline, during follow-up at 24-36, 72-168 hours, 3 and 6 months. 27 cytokines were analysed using a multiplex cytokine assay. Cardiac MRI was performed during hospitalisation and 6 months. RESULTS Repeated measures analysis of variance showed significant (p<0.001) between-group difference in changes for IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1ra due to an increase in the tocilizumab group during hospitalisation. IL-6 and IL-8 correlated to neutrophils in the placebo group (r=0.73, 0.68, respectively), which was attenuated in the tocilizumab group (r=0.28, 0.27, respectively). A similar pattern was seen for MSI and IL-6 and IL-8 in the placebo group (r=-0.29, -0.25, respectively) in patients presenting ≤3 hours from symptom onset, which was attenuated in the tocilizumab group (r=-0.09,-0.14, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Tocilizumab increases IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1ra in STEMI. IL-6 and IL-8 show correlations to neutrophils/CRP and markers of cardiac injury in the placebo group that was attenuated in the tocilizumab group. This may suggest a beneficial effect of tocilizumab on the ischaemia-reperfusion injury in STEMI patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03004703.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindre Woxholt
- Clinic of Cardiology, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - T Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Disease, Oslo Universitetssykehus, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Rikshospitalet Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Kristine Anstensrud
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaspar Broch
- Department of Cardiology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Centre for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Liv Ryan
- Department of clinical and Molecular medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Bendz
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Hopp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils-Einar Kløw
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuva B Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Huse
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Øystein Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo universitetssykehus Ulleval, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Gullestad
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Centre for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Wiseth
- Clinic of Cardiology, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Brage H Amundsen
- Clinic of Cardiology, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Kristian Damas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ola Kleveland
- Clinic of Cardiology, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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3
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Quiles-Jiménez A, Sousa MML, Huse C, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Holter JC, Christensen EE, Tonby K, Holten AR, Aukrust P, Bjørås M, Dahl TB, Halvorsen B. Severely ill COVID-19 patients have altered circulating levels of proteins controlling the epitranscriptome. J Infect 2023; 86:593-595. [PMID: 36889510 PMCID: PMC9987596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Quiles-Jiménez
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - M M L Sousa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway; PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Trondheim, Norway
| | - C Huse
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A M Dyrhol-Riise
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - J C Holter
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E E Christensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Tonby
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A R Holten
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - P Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Bjørås
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - T B Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Olsen MB, Huse C, de Sousa MML, Murphy SL, Sarno A, Obermann TS, Yang K, Holter JC, Jørgensen MJ, Christensen EE, Wang W, Ji P, Heggelund L, Hoel H, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Gregersen I, Aukrust P, Bjørås M, Halvorsen B, Dahl TB. DNA Repair Mechanisms are Activated in Circulating Lymphocytes of Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6629-6644. [PMID: 36514358 PMCID: PMC9741826 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s379331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important part of the inflammatory response during infection but can also promote DNA damage. Due to the sustained inflammation in severe Covid-19, we hypothesized that hospitalized Covid-19 patients would be characterized by increased levels of oxidative DNA damage and dysregulation of the DNA repair machinery. Patients and Methods Levels of the oxidative DNA lesion 8-oxoG and levels of base excision repair (BER) proteins were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients (8-oxoG, n = 22; BER, n = 17) and healthy controls (n = 10) (Cohort 1). Gene expression related to DNA repair was investigated in two independent cohorts of hospitalized Covid-19 patients (Cohort 1; 15 patents and 5 controls, Cohort 2; 15 patients and 6 controls), and by publicly available datasets. Results Patients and healthy controls showed comparable amounts of oxidative DNA damage as assessed by 8-oxoG while levels of several BER proteins were increased in Covid-19 patients, indicating enhanced DNA repair in acute Covid-19 disease. Furthermore, gene expression analysis demonstrated regulation of genes involved in BER and double strand break repair (DSBR) in PBMC of Covid-19 patients and expression level of several DSBR genes correlated with the degree of respiratory failure. Finally, by re-analyzing publicly available data, we found that the pathway Hallmark DNA repair was significantly more regulated in circulating immune cells during Covid-19 compared to influenza virus infection, bacterial pneumonia or acute respiratory infection due to seasonal coronavirus. Conclusion Although beneficial by protecting against DNA damage, long-term activation of the DNA repair machinery could also contribute to persistent inflammation, potentially through mechanisms such as the induction of cellular senescence. However, further studies that also include measurements of additional markers of DNA damage are required to determine the role and precise molecular mechanisms for DNA repair in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Belland Olsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Huse
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mirta Mittelstedt Leal de Sousa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility (PROMEC), NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sarah Louise Murphy
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antonio Sarno
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tobias Sebastian Obermann
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kuan Yang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Cato Holter
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marte Jøntvedt Jørgensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Egeland Christensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ping Ji
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Heggelund
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hedda Hoel
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Medicine, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Gregersen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuva Børresdatter Dahl
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Correspondence: Tuva Børresdatter Dahl, Division of Critical Care and Emergencies and Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo, Norway, Tel +4723072786, Email
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5
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Søraas A, Grødeland G, Granerud BK, Ueland T, Lind A, Fevang B, Murphy SL, Huse C, Nygaard AB, Steffensen AK, al-Baldawi H, Holberg-Petersen M, Andresen LL, Ågnes C, Ranheim T, Schanke Y, Istre M, Dahl JA, Chopra A, Dudman S, Kaarbø M, Andersen JT, Vaage EB, Tran TT, Vaage JT, Michelsen AE, Müller F, Aukrust P, Halvorsen B, Dahl TB, Holter JC, Lund-Johansen F. Breakthrough infections with the omicron and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 result in similar re-activation of vaccine-induced immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:964525. [PMID: 36159859 PMCID: PMC9493489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.964525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundResults showing that sera from double vaccinated individuals have minimal neutralizing activity against Omicron have been interpreted as indicating the need for a third vaccine dose for protection. However, there is little information about early immune responses to Omicron infection in double vaccinated individuals.MethodsWe measured inflammatory mediators, antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins, and spike peptide-induced release of interferon gamma in whole blood in 51 double-vaccinated individuals infected with Omicron, in 14 infected with Delta, and in 18 healthy controls. The median time points for the first and second samples were 7 and 14 days after symptom onset, respectively.FindingsInfection with Omicron or Delta led to a rapid and similar increase in antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of Omicron protein and spike peptide-induced interferon gamma in whole blood. Both the Omicron- and the Delta-infected patients had a mild and transient increase in inflammatory parameters.InterpretationThe results suggest that two vaccine doses are sufficient to mount a rapid and potent immune response upon infection in healthy individuals of with the Omicron variant.FundingThe study was funded by the Oslo University Hospital, and by grants from The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Research Council of Norway (no 312780, 324272), South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (no 2019067, 2021071, 10357, 2021047, 33612, 2021087, 2017092), EU Horizon 2020 grant no 848099, a philantropic donation from Vivaldi Invest A/S, and The European Virus Archive Global.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Søraas
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beathe Kiland Granerud
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nursing, Health and Laboratory Science, University College of Østfold, Fredrikstad, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andreas Lind
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Børre Fevang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sarah L. Murphy
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Huse
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anne Katrine Steffensen
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Huda al-Baldawi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Camilla Ågnes
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Ranheim
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ylva Schanke
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Istre
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Arne Dahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adity Chopra
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne Dudman
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Kaarbø
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Trung The Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Torgils Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika E. Michelsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Müller
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuva B. Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Cato Holter
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Fridtjof Lund-Johansen, ; Jan Cato Holter,
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Fridtjof Lund-Johansen, ; Jan Cato Holter,
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Huse C, Anstensrud AK, Michelsen AE, Ueland T, Broch K, Woxholt S, Yang K, Sharma K, Tøllefsen IM, Bendz B, Amundsen BH, Damås JK, Berg ES, Bjørkelund E, Quiles-Jiménez A, Bjerkeli V, Bendz C, Kleveland O, Stensaeth KH, Opdahl A, Kløw NE, Andersen GØ, Wiseth R, Halvorsen B, Gullestad L, Seljeflot I, Aukrust P, Osnes L, Dahl TB. Interleukin-6 inhibition in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: Immune cell profile in the randomised ASSAIL-MI trial. EBioMedicine 2022; 80:104013. [PMID: 35504178 PMCID: PMC9079006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently showed that interleukin (IL)-6 inhibition by tocilizumab improves myocardial salvage in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the mechanisms for this effect are not clear. Methods In this exploratory sub-study of the ASSAIL-MI trial, we examined leukocyte differential counts and their relation to myocardial salvage and peak troponin T (TnT) in STEMI patients randomised to tocilizumab (n = 101) or placebo (n = 98). We performed RNA-sequencing on whole blood (n = 40) and T cells (n = 20). B and T cell subpopulations were examined by flow cytometry (n = 69). Findings (i) STEMI patients had higher neutrophil counts at hospitalisation compared with stable angina patients. (ii) After percutaneous coronary intervention there was a gradual decline in neutrophils, which was significantly more pronounced in the tocilizumab group. (iii) The decrease in neutrophils in the tocilizumab group was associated with improved myocardial salvage and lower peak TnT. (iv) RNA-sequencing suggested that neutrophil function was also attenuated by tocilizumab. (v) B and T cell sub-populations changed only minimally after STEMI with minor effects of tocilizumab, supported as well by RNA-sequencing analyses of T cells. (vi) However, a low CD8+ count was associated with improved myocardial salvage in patients admitted to the hospital > 3 h after symptom onset. Interpretation Tocilizumab induced a rapid reduction in neutrophils and seemed to attenuate neutrophil function in STEMI patients potentially related to the beneficial effects of tocilizumab on myocardial salvage. Funding South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (Nos. 2019067, 2017084), the Central Norway Regional Health Authority and Norwegian Research Council (No. 283867).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Huse
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Kristine Anstensrud
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Centre (TREC), The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kaspar Broch
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Centre for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sindre Woxholt
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kuan Yang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kapil Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bjørn Bendz
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brage Høyem Amundsen
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Kristian Damås
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erlend Sturle Berg
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ana Quiles-Jiménez
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vigdis Bjerkeli
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christina Bendz
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Kleveland
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Knut Haakon Stensaeth
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Opdahl
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils-Einar Kløw
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Øystein Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Wiseth
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Gullestad
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Centre for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology and Infectious Disease, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liv Osnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuva B Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
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7
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Christensen EE, Jørgensen MJ, Nore KG, Dahl TB, Yang K, Ranheim T, Huse C, Lind A, Nur S, Stiksrud B, Jenum S, Tonby K, Holter JC, Holten AR, Halvorsen B, Dyrhol-Riise AM. Critical COVID-19 is associated with distinct leukocyte phenotypes and transcriptome patterns. J Intern Med 2021; 290:677-692. [PMID: 34080738 PMCID: PMC8242786 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognostic markers for disease severity and identification of therapeutic targets in COVID-19 are urgently needed. We have studied innate and adaptive immunity on protein and transcriptomic level in COVID-19 patients with different disease severity at admission and longitudinally during hospitalization. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected at three time points from 31 patients included in the Norwegian SARS-CoV-2 cohort study and analysed by flow cytometry and RNA sequencing. Patients were grouped as either mild/moderate (n = 14), severe (n = 11) or critical (n = 6) disease in accordance with WHO guidelines and compared with patients with SARS-CoV-2-negative bacterial sepsis (n = 5) and healthy controls (n = 10). RESULTS COVID-19 severity was characterized by decreased interleukin 7 receptor alpha chain (CD127) expression in naïve CD4 and CD8 T cells. Activation (CD25 and HLA-DR) and exhaustion (PD-1) markers on T cells were increased compared with controls, but comparable between COVID-19 severity groups. Non-classical monocytes and monocytic HLA-DR expression decreased whereas monocytic PD-L1 and CD142 expression increased with COVID-19 severity. RNA sequencing exhibited increased plasma B-cell activity in critical COVID-19 and yet predominantly reduced transcripts related to immune response pathways compared with milder disease. CONCLUSION Critical COVID-19 seems to be characterized by an immune profile of activated and exhausted T cells and monocytes. This immune phenotype may influence the capacity to mount an efficient T-cell immune response. Plasma B-cell activity and calprotectin were higher in critical COVID-19 while most transcripts related to immune functions were reduced, in particular affecting B cells. The potential of these cells as therapeutic targets in COVID-19 should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Christensen
- From the, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - M J Jørgensen
- From the, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K G Nore
- From the, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T B Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Yang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Ranheim
- From the, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - C Huse
- From the, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Lind
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Nur
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Stiksrud
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Jenum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Tonby
- From the, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - J C Holter
- From the, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A R Holten
- From the, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Halvorsen
- From the, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A M Dyrhol-Riise
- From the, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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8
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Kong XY, Huse C, Yang K, Øgaard J, Berges N, Vik ES, Nawaz MS, Quiles-Jiménez A, Abbas A, Gregersen I, Holm S, Bjerkli V, Rashidi A, Fladeby C, Suganthan R, Sagen EL, Skjelland M, Lång A, Bøe SO, Bjørås M, Aukrust P, Alseth I, Halvorsen B, Dahl TB. Endonuclease V Regulates Atherosclerosis Through C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2-Mediated Monocyte Infiltration. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020656. [PMID: 34259011 PMCID: PMC8483470 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background In cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerotic disorder are the most frequent and important with respect to morbidity and mortality. Inflammation mediated by immune cells is central in all parts of the atherosclerotic progress, and further understanding of the underlying mechanisms is needed. Growing evidence suggests that deamination of adenosine‐to‐inosine in RNA is crucial for a correct immune response; nevertheless, the role of adenosine‐to‐inosine RNA editing in atherogenesis has barely been studied. Several proteins have affinity for inosines in RNA, one being ENDOV (endonuclease V), which binds and cleaves RNA at inosines. Data on ENDOV in atherosclerosis are lacking. Methods and Results Quantitative polymerase chain reaction on ENDOV mRNA showed an increased level in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques compared with control veins. Inosine‐ribonuclease activity as measured by an enzyme activity assay is detected in immune cells relevant for the atherosclerotic process. Abolishing EndoV in atherogenic apolipoprotein E‐deficient (ApoE−/−) mice reduces the atherosclerotic plaque burden, both in size and lipid content. In addition, in a brain stroke model, mice without ENDOV suffer less damage than control mice. Finally, lack of EndoV reduces the recruitment of monocytes to atherosclerotic lesions in atherogenic ApoE−/− mice. Conclusions ENDOV is upregulated in human atherosclerotic lesions, and data from mice suggest that ENDOV promotes atherogenesis by enhancing the monocyte recruitment into the atherosclerotic lesion, potentially by increasing the effect of CCL2 activation on these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yi Kong
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Camilla Huse
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Norway
| | - Kuan Yang
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Jonas Øgaard
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Natalia Berges
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Norway.,Department of Microbiology Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Erik Sebastian Vik
- Department of Microbiology Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Meh Sameen Nawaz
- Department of Microbiology Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Ana Quiles-Jiménez
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Norway
| | | | - Ida Gregersen
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Norway
| | - Sverre Holm
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Vigdis Bjerkli
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Norway
| | - Azita Rashidi
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Cathrine Fladeby
- Department of Microbiology Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Rajikala Suganthan
- Department of Microbiology Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Ellen Lund Sagen
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Mona Skjelland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Norway.,Department of Neurology Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Anna Lång
- Department of Microbiology Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Stig Ove Bøe
- Department of Microbiology Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Microbiology Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway.,K.G. Jebsen, The Faculty of Health Sciences The Arctic University of Tromsø Tromsø Norway
| | - Ingrun Alseth
- Department of Microbiology Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Norway
| | - Tuva Børresdatter Dahl
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway.,Department of Microbiology Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
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9
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Beck C, Castañeda-Zegarra S, Huse C, Xing M, Oksenych V. Mediator of DNA Damage Checkpoint Protein 1 Facilitates V(D)J Recombination in Cells Lacking DNA Repair Factor XLF. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010060. [PMID: 31905950 PMCID: PMC7023129 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) trigger the Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent DNA damage response (DDR), which consists of histone H2AX, MDC1, RNF168, 53BP1, PTIP, RIF1, Rev7, and Shieldin. Early stages of B and T lymphocyte development are dependent on recombination activating gene (RAG)-induced DSBs that form the basis for further V(D)J recombination. Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway factors recognize, process, and ligate DSBs. Based on numerous loss-of-function studies, DDR factors were thought to be dispensable for the V(D)J recombination. In particular, mice lacking Mediator of DNA Damage Checkpoint Protein 1 (MDC1) possessed nearly wild-type levels of mature B and T lymphocytes in the spleen, thymus, and bone marrow. NHEJ factor XRCC4-like factor (XLF)/Cernunnos is functionally redundant with ATM, histone H2AX, and p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) during the lymphocyte development in mice. Here, we genetically inactivated MDC1, XLF, or both MDC1 and XLF in murine vAbl pro-B cell lines and, using chromosomally integrated substrates, demonstrated that MDC1 stimulates the V(D)J recombination in cells lacking XLF. Moreover, combined inactivation of MDC1 and XLF in mice resulted in synthetic lethality. Together, these findings suggest that MDC1 and XLF are functionally redundant during the mouse development, in general, and the V(D)J recombination, in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Beck
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Clinic of Medicine, Postboks 3250 Sluppen, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sergio Castañeda-Zegarra
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Clinic of Medicine, Postboks 3250 Sluppen, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Camilla Huse
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Clinic of Medicine, Postboks 3250 Sluppen, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mengtan Xing
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Clinic of Medicine, Postboks 3250 Sluppen, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Clinic of Medicine, Postboks 3250 Sluppen, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (BioNuT), Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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