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Sun D, Chasseur C, Mathieu F, Lechanteur J, Van Antwerpen P, Rasschaert J, Fontaine V, Delporte C. Untargeted Metabolomics Approach Correlated Enniatin B Mycotoxin Presence in Cereals with Kashin-Beck Disease Endemic Regions of China. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:533. [PMID: 37755959 PMCID: PMC10537395 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is a multifactorial endemic disease that only occurs in specific Asian areas. Mycotoxin contamination, especially from the Fusarium spp., has been considered as one of the environmental risk factors that could provoke chondrocyte and cartilage damage. This study aimed to investigate whether new mycotoxins could be identified in KBD-endemic regions as a potential KBD risk factor. This was investigated on 292 barley samples collected in Tibet during 2009-2016 and 19 wheat samples collected in Inner Mongolia in 2006, as control, from KBD-endemic and non-endemic areas. The LC-HRMS(/MS) data, obtained by a general mycotoxin extraction technic, were interpreted by both untargeted metabolomics and molecular networks, allowing us to identify a discriminating compound, enniatin B, a mycotoxin produced by some Fusarium spp. The presence of Fusarium spp. DNA was detected in KBD-endemic area barley samples. Further studies are required to investigate the role of this mycotoxin in KBD development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlei Sun
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium (V.F.)
- Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit & Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy (APFP), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Camille Chasseur
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium (V.F.)
| | | | - Jessica Lechanteur
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (J.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit & Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy (APFP), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Joanne Rasschaert
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (J.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Véronique Fontaine
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium (V.F.)
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit & Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy (APFP), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
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Libert X, Chasseur C, Packeu A, Bureau F, Roosens NH, De Keersmaecker SCJ. Exploiting the Advantages of Molecular Tools for the Monitoring of Fungal Indoor Air Contamination: First Detection of Exophiala jeanselmei in Indoor Air of Air-Conditioned Offices. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120674. [PMID: 31835614 PMCID: PMC6955718 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, indoor air pollution is considered a public health issue. Among the impacting pollutants, indoor airborne fungi are increasingly highlighted. Most of the monitoring protocols are culture-based, but these are unable to detect the uncultivable and/or dead fraction or species suppressed by fast-growing fungi, even though this fraction could impact health. Among the contaminants suspected to be part of this fraction, Exophiala jeanselmei is an interesting case study. Known to be pathogenic, this black yeast grows in humid environments such as air-conditioning systems, where it has been previously detected using classical culture-based methods. However, until now, this fungus was never detected in indoor air in contact with these air-conditioning systems. This study shows the first detection of E. jeanselmei in indoor air collected from offices in contact with contaminated air-conditioning reservoirs. While its presence in indoor air could not be demonstrated with culture-based methods, it was found by real-time PCR and massive parallel sequencing. The latter also allowed obtaining a broader view on the fungal diversity in the tested samples. Similar approaches were applied on water samples collected from the conditioning reservoirs to trace the source of contamination. The comparison of results obtained with both methods confirmed that the molecular tools could improve indoor air monitoring, especially of dead and/or uncultivable contaminants or when competition between species could occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Libert
- Transversal activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Université de Liège (ULg), Avenue de l′Hôpital, 1 (B34), 4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium
| | - Camille Chasseur
- Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann Packeu
- Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Université de Liège (ULg), Avenue de l′Hôpital, 1 (B34), 4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium
| | - Nancy H. Roosens
- Transversal activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sigrid C. J. De Keersmaecker
- Transversal activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-642-5257
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Vincent M, Corazza F, Chasseur C, Bladt S, Romano M, Huygen K, Denis O, Michel O. Relationship between mold exposure, specific IgE sensitization, and clinical asthma: A case-control study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 121:333-339. [PMID: 29944956 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the findings related to the noxious effect of mold sensitization on asthma come from investigations based on Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum, and Aspergillus fumigatus. However, species such as Penicillium spp, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, or Aspergillus versicolor display a more pronounced indoor tropism, and their potential harmful respiratory effects cannot be neglected. OBJECTIVE The goal of this work was to relate mold sensitizations with asthma severity and with the level of indoor mold contamination among mold-sensitized patients with asthma and nonsensitized patients with asthma. METHODS A case-control study was conducted and several asthma severity markers were compared between patients with asthma with and without mold sensitization. Indoor contamination of patients' dwellings was also investigated. RESULTS Our findings confirmed the association between sensitization to A fumigatus and severity for patients with asthma in contrast with sensitization to other species. Indoor mold contamination was detected in approximately 90% of dwellings. Overall mold exposure was not associated with asthma severity. However, regardless of the sensitization, exposure to A fumigatus and Penicillium spp in dust was linked to an increased risk of severe asthma. CONCLUSION The harmful nature of mold sensitization and mold exposure for patients with asthma was not confirmed in this study. However, sensitization to A fumigatus was associated with an increased risk for severe asthma. A better investigation of the properties of Penicillium spp is recommended because its exposure was found to be associated with a more pronounced impairment of lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Vincent
- Program Allergology, Scientific Service Immunology, WIV-ISP (site Uccle), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Francis Corazza
- Laboratory of Immunology and of Translational Research, CHU Brugmann (Université Libre de Bruxelles-ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camille Chasseur
- Program Health and Environment, Scientific Service Food, drugs and consumers security, WIV-ISP (site Ixelles), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Marta Romano
- Program Host-Pathogen Interaction, Scientific Service Immunology, WIV-ISP (site Uccle), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris Huygen
- Program Allergology, Scientific Service Immunology, WIV-ISP (site Uccle), Brussels, Belgium; Program Host-Pathogen Interaction, Scientific Service Immunology, WIV-ISP (site Uccle), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Denis
- Program Allergology, Scientific Service Immunology, WIV-ISP (site Uccle), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Michel
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergology, CHU Brugmann (Université Libre de Bruxelles-ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Libert X, Chasseur C, Packeu A, Bureau F, Roosens NH, De Keersmaecker SJC. A molecular approach for the rapid, selective and sensitive detection of Exophiala jeanselmei in environmental samples: development and performance assessment of a real-time PCR assay. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:1377-1392. [PMID: 26615400 PMCID: PMC4717172 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Exophiala jeanselmei is an opportunistic pathogenic black yeast growing in humid environments such as water reservoirs of air-conditioning systems. Because this fungal contaminant could be vaporized into the air and subsequently cause health problems, its monitoring is recommended. Currently, this monitoring is based on culture and microscopic identification which are complex, sometimes ambiguous and time-demanding, i.e., up to 21 days. Therefore, molecular, culture-independent methods could be more advantageous for the monitoring of E. jeanselmei. In this study, we developed a SYBR®green real-time PCR assay based on the internal transcribed spacer 2 from the 18S ribosomal DNA complex for the specific detection of E. jeanselmei. The selectivity (100 %), PCR efficiency (95.5 %), dynamic range and repeatability of this qPCR assay were subsequently evaluated. The limit of detection for this qPCR assay was determined to be 1 copy of genomic DNA of E. jeanselmei. Finally, water samples collected from cooling reservoirs were analyzed using this qPCR assay to deliver a proof of concept for the molecular detection of E. jeanselmei in environmental samples. The results obtained by molecular analysis were compared with those of classical methods (i.e., culture and microscopic identification) used in routine analysis and were 100 % matching. This comparison demonstrated that this SYBR®green qPCR assay can be used as a molecular alternative for monitoring and routine investigation of samples contaminated by E. jeanselmei, while eliminating the need for culturing and thereby considerably decreasing the required analysis time to 2 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Libert
- Platform Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Université de Liège (ULg), Liège, Wallonia, Belgium
| | - C Chasseur
- Health and Environment, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Packeu
- Mycology and Aerobiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Bureau
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Université de Liège (ULg), Liège, Wallonia, Belgium
| | - N H Roosens
- Platform Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S J C De Keersmaecker
- Platform Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
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Libert X, Chasseur C, Bladt S, Packeu A, Bureau F, Roosens NH, De Keersmaecker SCJ. Development and performance assessment of a qualitative SYBR® green real-time PCR assay for the detection of Aspergillus versicolor in indoor air. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7267-82. [PMID: 26184975 PMCID: PMC4536266 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Currently, contamination of indoor environment by fungi and molds is considered as a public health problem. The monitoring of indoor airborne fungal contamination is a common tool to help understanding the link between fungi in houses and respiratory problems. Classical analytical monitoring methods, based on cultivation and microscopic identification, depend on the growth of the fungi. Consequently, they are biased by difficulties to grow some species on certain culture media and under certain conditions or by noncultivable or dead fungi that can consequently not be identified. However, they could have an impact on human health as they might be allergenic. Since molecular methods do not require a culture step, they seem an excellent alternative for the monitoring of indoor fungal contaminations. As a case study, we developed a SYBR® green real-time PCR-based assay for the specific detection and identification of Aspergillus versicolor, which is frequently observed in indoor environment and known to be allergenic. The developed primers amplify a short region of the internal transcribed spacer 1 from the 18S ribosomal DNA complex. Subsequently, the performance of this quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method was assessed using specific criteria, including an evaluation of the selectivity, PCR efficiency, dynamic range, and repeatability. The limit of detection was determined to be 1 or 2 copies of genomic DNA of A. versicolor. In order to demonstrate that this SYBR® green qPCR assay is a valuable alternative for monitoring indoor fungal contamination with A. versicolor, environmental samples collected in contaminated houses were analyzed and the results were compared to the ones obtained with the traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Libert
- />Platform Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- />Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Université de Liège (ULg), Avenue de l’Hôpital, 1 (B34), 4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium
| | - C. Chasseur
- />Health and Environment, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S. Bladt
- />Cellule Régionale d’Intervention en Pollution Intérieure (CRIPI), Brussels Environment (IBGE), Avenue du Port 86C/3000, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - A. Packeu
- />Mycology and Aerobiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - F. Bureau
- />Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Université de Liège (ULg), Avenue de l’Hôpital, 1 (B34), 4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium
| | - N. H. Roosens
- />Platform Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S. C. J. De Keersmaecker
- />Platform Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Packeu A, Chasseur C, Bladt S, Detandt M. The role of indoor pollution in the development and maintenance of chronic airway inflammation in children. B-ENT 2012; 8 Suppl 19:73-79. [PMID: 23431612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the great problems of this century and it plays an important role in the increasing prevalence of chronic inflammatory problems in the upper airway in children. Since their lungs and immune system are not fully developed when exposure begins, newborns and children appear to be more sensitive to the effects of both outdoor and indoor air pollution. Furthermore, children spend most of their time indoors and are exposed more often to pollutants in indoor air. The link between health problems, chemical products and allergens (the latter mainly from cats and mites) has been extensively studied. Other important indoor contaminants are fungi, which are often present in damp buildings and can cause severe respiratory disease by producing spores, allergens, volatile irritant compounds and toxins. A proper identification of mould contamination of this kind is vital for correct diagnosis, treatment and the prevention of health problems, and improvements have been observed after the removal or cleaning of the contaminated materials and improvements to the ventilation of buildings. While a possible association between respiratory symptoms, such as rhinitis, and the presence of fungi in the indoor environment has been documented by several authors, other studies have observed no significant relationship. The development of standardised sampling, detection and diagnostic tests will be essential to understand the proper role of fungi in the indoor atmosphere and their impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Packeu
- Scientific Service of Mycology and Aerobiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium.
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Chasseur C, Suetens C, Michel V, Mathieu F, Begaux F, Nolard N, Haubruge E. A 4-year study of the mycological aspects of Kashin-Beck disease in Tibet. Int Orthop 2001; 25:154-8. [PMID: 11482530 PMCID: PMC3620650 DOI: 10.1007/s002640000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to clarify the association between mycotoxin-producing fungi in food and Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), we examined the occurrence and contamination levels of fungi in samples of barley grain, from KBD-affected families and from unaffected families in endemic areas. A control area without the occurrence of KBD served as reference. The first results obtained in 1995 showed that total mesophilic fungal contamination of barley grain was consistently higher in families with KBD. Trichothecium roseum (Pers) Link ex gray, Dreschlera Ito and Alternaria Nees ex Fr. were the three most common fungi significantly associated with KBD. In 1996 we again observed a significant difference between affected and non-affected families, especially with Trichothecium roseum and Ulocladium Preuss. On this basis, measures to prevent KBD were suggested and a preventive program has been set up since 1998 in 20 new villages.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chasseur
- Section of Mycology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Louis Pasteur, Brussels, Belgium.
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Suetens C, Moreno-Reyes R, Chasseur C, Mathieu F, Begaux F, Haubruge E, Durand MC, Nève J, Vanderpas J. Epidemiological support for a multifactorial aetiology of Kashin-Beck disease in Tibet. Int Orthop 2001; 25:180-7. [PMID: 11482537 PMCID: PMC3620646 DOI: 10.1007/s002640100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We carried out a cross-sectional study in 12 rural villages in order to identify the risk factors for Kashin-Beck disease in Tibet. Children aged 5-15 years (n=575) were examined and their corresponding houses were visited. Samples were collected in order to study fungal contamination of stored grain and the organic matter content of drinking water. Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression and population attributable fractions were computed to estimate the impact of each factor. The following variables were independently associated with the disease: age, gender, low socio-economic status, indicators of a poorly diversified diet, iodine deficiency and small water container size (with higher organic matter levels in small containers). Selenium deficiency was severe in all study subjects. The degree of fungal contamination of barley grain was related to the highest percentage of cases (65%) in a sample of the study population. Higher urinary iodine levels were not associated with decreasing prevalence rates when Alternaria sp. was isolated. The data that we report supports the hypothesis that Kashin-Beck disease occurs as a consequence of oxidative damage to cartilage and bone cells when associated with decreased antioxidant defence. Another mechanism that may coexist is bone remodelling stimulated by thyroid hormones whose actions can be blocked by certain mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Suetens
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium.
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Hinsenkamp M, Ryppens F, Begaux F, Mathieu F, De Maertelaer V, Lepeire M, Haubruge E, Chasseur C, Stallenberg B. The anatomical distribution of radiological abnormalities in Kashin-Beck disease in Tibet. Int Orthop 2001; 25:142-6. [PMID: 11482527 PMCID: PMC3620654 DOI: 10.1007/s002640100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A radiological study of osteoarticular changes in Kashin-Beck Disease (KBD) was undertaken on the appendicular skeleton in 105 patients with KBD, in 31 healthy subjects living in an endemic area and in 30 healthy subjects living in a non-endemic area. The bone age was delayed in all three populations with no significant difference between the three studied Tibetan populations. Radiological changes occur in 56% of patients with KBD, and are usually bilateral. An analysis of the distribution of lesions shows a proximo-distal gradient. The changes are more common in the distal aspect of the limb and the lower limb is involved more commonly than the upper limb. The foot and ankle are involved in 89.5% of cases. The radiological changes and their distribution might be explained by the hypothesis of inhibition of angiogenesis by mycotoxins, exacerbated by chemical and physical environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hinsenkamp
- Hĵpital Erasme, Service d'Orthopédie Traumatologie, Brussels, Belgium.
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Haubruge E, Chasseur C, Debouck C, Begaux F, Suetens C, Mathieu F, Michel V, Gaspar C, Rooze M, Hinsenkamp M, Gillet P, Nolard N, Lognay G. The prevalence of mycotoxins in Kashin-Beck disease. Int Orthop 2001; 25:159-61. [PMID: 11482531 PMCID: PMC3620641 DOI: 10.1007/s002640100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxic chemical compounds produced by fungi infesting agricultural crops both during their growth and storage. Such secondary metabolites, when ingested, can produce toxic syndromes in humans. As it has been suggested that mycotoxins might be involved in the development of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), we undertook a survey of barley grains of KBD-affected families and non-affected families in that country. We found, by thin layer chromatography, a hitherto unknown metabolite of Alternaria sp. This was especially common on the barley grains of KBD-affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Haubruge
- />Unité de Zoologie Général et Appliquée, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences, Agronomiques de Gembloux, Passage des Deportes 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - C. Chasseur
- />Section de Mycologie, ISSP-Louis Pasteur, Belgium
| | - C. Debouck
- />Laboratoire d'Anatomie et d'Embryologie Humaine, ULB, Belgium
| | - F. Begaux
- />Medecins sans Frontieres, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - C. Suetens
- />Section d'Epidémiologie, ISSP-Louis Pasteur, Belgium
| | - F. Mathieu
- />Medecins sans Frontieres, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - V. Michel
- />Section de Mycologie, ISSP-Louis Pasteur, Belgium
| | - C. Gaspar
- />Unité de Zoologie Général et Appliquée, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences, Agronomiques de Gembloux, Passage des Deportes 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - M. Rooze
- />Laboratoire d'Anatomie et d'Embryologie Humaine, ULB, Belgium
| | - M. Hinsenkamp
- />Service d'Orthopédie et de Traumatologie, Hopital Erasme, ULB, Belgium
| | - P. Gillet
- />Medecins sans Frontieres, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - N. Nolard
- />Section de Mycologie, ISSP-Louis Pasteur, Belgium
| | - G. Lognay
- />Unite de Chimie Générale et Organique, FUSAGX, Belgium
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Nolard N, Béguin H, Chasseur C. [Mold allergy: 25 years of indoor and outdoor studies in Belgium]. Allerg Immunol (Paris) 2001; 33:101-2. [PMID: 11339052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Collecting atmospheric fungal spores in Brussels for 25 years revealed significant quantitative differences at three different levels: the total number of spores collected every year, the annual frequency rate of some species e.g. Cladosporium and Alternaria, the proliferation of some rare species according to weather conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nolard
- Institut Scientifique de Santé Publique-14, rue Wytsman-1050 Bruxelles
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12
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