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Heriseanu AI, Spirou D, Moraes CEF, Hay P, Sichieri R, Appolinario JC. Grazing Is Associated with ADHD Symptoms, Substance Use, and Impulsivity in a Representative Sample of a Large Metropolitan Area in Brazil. Nutrients 2023; 15:2987. [PMID: 37447311 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Grazing is a clinically relevant eating behaviour, especially when it presents with a sense of loss of control (compulsive grazing). There is evidence that other disordered eating patterns are associated with problematic substance use and impulsivity-related conditions, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This overlap contributes to higher psychopathology and treatment complications. Less is known about grazing, and most information originates in high-income countries. Hence, we sought to investigate relationships between grazing, tobacco and alcohol use, ADHD, and impulsivity in a large representative sample from Brazil. Data were collected by trained interviewers from adults (N = 2297) through an in-person household survey based on a stratified and clustered probability sample. We found significant associations between compulsive grazing and problematic alcohol use (OR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.65, 5.53), ADHD (OR = 8.94, 95% CI: 5.11, 15.63), and smoking (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.47), with impulsivity contributing to the first two relationships. The substantial association with ADHD suggests that other executive functions may promote disordered eating, possibly expressed through difficulties in adhering to regular meals. Clinically, these findings highlight the importance of assessing problematic eating patterns, such as compulsive grazing, in those presenting with difficulties with substance use or impulsivity, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea I Heriseanu
- eCentreClinic, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Wallumattagal Campus, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Dean Spirou
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2214, Australia
- Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Carlos E F Moraes
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-140, Brazil
| | - Phillipa Hay
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2214, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Mental Health Service, South West Sydney Local Health District, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Rosely Sichieri
- Social Medicine Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-140, Brazil
| | - Jose C Appolinario
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-140, Brazil
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