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Escott C, Vaquero C, López C, Loira I, González C, del Fresno JM, Suárez-Lepe JA, Palomero F, Morata A. The use of Pulsed Light to reduce native population on the pruina of grapes, and the use of Lachancea thermotolerans as red wine acidifier. BIO Web Conf 2023. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20235602023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulsed light is an emerging technology used to limit the proliferation of microorganisms in food matrices. The treatment consists on the emission of ultra-short high intensity white light pulses. The light is composed by ultraviolet, visible and near infrared spectra. Its use in enology allows the winemaker to carry on ternary (simultaneous) and sequential fermentations. The PL working conditions were determined through this investigation at the same time that the implantation feasibility of yeast and bacteria for the acidification of red wine was assed. The experimental set up evaluated different doses (number of pulses and energy density) on destemmed grapes. The grapes were placed inside a laboratory-scale cabinet inside a tray and the grapes were mixed randomly three times within the treatment. The microorganisms (both native and inoculated) were followed up with selective and differential growing media. The yeast population decreased 1.2 log10 UFC/mL, although the reduction is less sensitive when the initial population is already low (e.g. 1 × 102 UFC/mL). The use of PL favored the accumulation of lactic acid, produced by either yeast or bacteria, in treated musts. The concentration of lactic acid was higher when using L. thermotolerans against the use of O. oenni in coinoculation or sequential MLF.
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Morata A, Loira I, Escott C, Vaquero C, Bañuelos MA, del Fresno JM, González C, Guamis B. UHPH processing of grape must to improve wine quality. BIO Web Conf 2023. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20235602006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra High Pressure Homogenization (UHPH) consists of continuous pumping of must at pressures above 200 MPa, usually 300 MPa, and its subsequent instantaneous depressurization to atmospheric pressure after passing through a special valve. In the valve, the intense impact forces and shear stresses, together with the temperature, lead to the death of microbial cells and also to the inactivation of oxidative enzymes. Intense mechanical stresses also result in nanofragmentation of colloidal particles increasing the release of nutritional factors such as YAN and others, thus improving colloidal stability. Molecules with sensory impact such as terpenes are not affected by the UHPH process, thus preserving the varietal character, nor can thermal markers such as furfural be detected. UHPH-processed musts show and maintain higher antioxidant activity than control musts and show less browning effects during processing and even later throughout and after fermentation. This technique also affects the extraction and stability of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds by increasing their release from cell structures and protecting them from oxidation. The antimicrobial effect and the inactivation of oxidative enzymes allow the production of wines without or with a very low level of sulfur dioxide. The ability to inactivate enzymes by affecting their tridimensional structure may also have some effect on colloidal proteins by preventing protein haze or facilitating the use of protease enzymes.
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Escott C, Vaquero C, Loira I, López C, González C, Morata A. Synergetic Effect of Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Lachancea thermotolerans in Acidification and Aroma Compounds in Airén Wines. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223734. [PMID: 36429326 PMCID: PMC9689907 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
On the one hand, the species Lachancea thermotolerans is known for its high genetic diversity, allowing for the existence of strains that produce high concentrations of lactic acid. In contrast, the species Metschnikowia pulcherrima is renowned for its high enzymatic activity capable of producing aromatic esters during fermentation. By enhancing acidity and boosting the concentration of aromatic compounds, both species are currently used to enhance the organoleptic profile of wines. In this regard, ternary fermentations with M. pulcherrima and L. thermotolerans were carried out and the wines produced were further analysed with GC-FID, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The outcomes showed that the species M. pulcherrima favored an increase in ethyl lactate (between 37 and 41 mg/L) along with an increased concentration of 2-phenylethyl alcohol (between 30 and 35 mg/L), whereas the species L. thermotolerans was able to produce 1 g/L of lactic acid in ternary fermentations. Additionally, pH levels were slightly lower in these fermentations and the color of the white wines produced showed less chemical oxidation as hue values were lower than the control. Finally, the ternary fermentations of L. thermotolerans and M. pulcherrima had higher overall rating in the tasting. In conclusion, ternary fermentations involving these two non-Saccharomyces species are suggested as a substitute for spontaneous fermentations in the production of wines from neutral varieties to express freshness more vividly. This biotechnology may be further favored by the possibility of applying emerging technologies for the removal of microorganisms in grapes and musts.
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Vaquero C, Escott C, Heras JM, Carrau F, Morata A. Co-inoculations of Lachancea thermotolerans with different Hanseniaspora spp.: Acidification, aroma, biocompatibility, and effects of nutrients in wine. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Morata A, Arroyo T, Bañuelos MA, Blanco P, Briones A, Cantoral JM, Castrillo D, Cordero-Bueso G, Del Fresno JM, Escott C, Escribano-Viana R, Fernández-González M, Ferrer S, García M, González C, Gutiérrez AR, Loira I, Malfeito-Ferreira M, Martínez A, Pardo I, Ramírez M, Ruiz-Muñoz M, Santamaría P, Suárez-Lepe JA, Vilela A, Capozzi V. Wine yeast selection in the Iberian Peninsula: Saccharomyces and non- Saccharomyces as drivers of innovation in Spanish and Portuguese wine industries. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10899-10927. [PMID: 35687346 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2083574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Yeast selection for the wine industry in Spain started in 1950 for the understanding of the microbial ecology, and for the selection of optimal strains to improve the performance of alcoholic fermentation and the overall wine quality. This process has been strongly developed over the last 30 years, firstly on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and, lately, with intense activity on non-Saccharomyces. Several thousand yeast strains have been isolated, identified and tested to select those with better performance and/or specific technological properties. The present review proposes a global survey of this massive ex-situ preservation of eukaryotic microorganisms, a reservoir of biotechnological solutions for the wine sector, overviewing relevant screenings that led to the selection of strains from 12 genera and 22 species of oenological significance. In the first part, the attention goes to the selection programmes related to relevant wine-producing areas (i.e. Douro, Extremadura, Galicia, La Mancha and Uclés, Ribera del Duero, Rioja, Sherry area, and Valencia). In the second part, the focus shifted on specific non-Saccharomyces genera/species selected from different Spanish and Portuguese regions, exploited to enhance particular attributes of the wines. A fil rouge of the dissertation is the design of tailored biotechnological solutions for wines typical of given geographic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morata
- EnotecUPM, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - T Arroyo
- Departamento de Investigación Agroalimentaria, IMIDRA, Finca El Encín, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Bañuelos
- EnotecUPM, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Blanco
- Estación de Viticultura e Enoloxía de Galicia (EVEGA-AGACAL), Leiro, Ourense, Spain
| | - A Briones
- Tecnología de alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J M Cantoral
- Laboratorio de Microbiología. Dept. de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - D Castrillo
- Estación de Viticultura e Enoloxía de Galicia (EVEGA-AGACAL), Leiro, Ourense, Spain
| | - G Cordero-Bueso
- Laboratorio de Microbiología. Dept. de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - J M Del Fresno
- EnotecUPM, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Escott
- EnotecUPM, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Escribano-Viana
- Finca La Grajera, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
| | - M Fernández-González
- Tecnología de alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - S Ferrer
- ENOLAB, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - M García
- Departamento de Investigación Agroalimentaria, IMIDRA, Finca El Encín, Madrid, Spain
| | - C González
- EnotecUPM, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A R Gutiérrez
- Finca La Grajera, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
| | - I Loira
- EnotecUPM, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Malfeito-Ferreira
- Departamento Recursos Naturais Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Linking Landscape Environment Agriculture and Food Research Centre (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomía, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias (Edificio Antiguo Rectorado), Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - I Pardo
- ENOLAB, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Ramírez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias (Edificio Antiguo Rectorado), Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - M Ruiz-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Microbiología. Dept. de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - P Santamaría
- Finca La Grajera, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
| | - J A Suárez-Lepe
- EnotecUPM, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Vilela
- CQ-VR, Chemistry Research Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - V Capozzi
- National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, c/o CS-DAT, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Foggia, Italy
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Morata A, Loira I, González C, Escott C. Non- Saccharomyces as Biotools to Control the Production of Off-Flavors in Wines. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154571. [PMID: 34361722 PMCID: PMC8348789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Off-flavors produced by undesirable microbial spoilage are a major concern in wineries, as they affect wine quality. This situation is worse in warm areas affected by global warming because of the resulting higher pHs in wines. Natural biotechnologies can aid in effectively controlling these processes, while reducing the use of chemical preservatives such as SO2. Bioacidification reduces the development of spoilage yeasts and bacteria, but also increases the amount of molecular SO2, which allows for lower total levels. The use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts, such as Lachancea thermotolerans, results in effective acidification through the production of lactic acid from sugars. Furthermore, high lactic acid contents (>4 g/L) inhibit lactic acid bacteria and have some effect on Brettanomyces. Additionally, the use of yeasts with hydroxycinnamate decarboxylase (HCDC) activity can be useful to promote the fermentative formation of stable vinylphenolic pyranoanthocyanins, reducing the amount of ethylphenol precursors. This biotechnology increases the amount of stable pigments and simultaneously prevents the formation of high contents of ethylphenols, even when the wine is contaminated by Brettanomyces.
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Escott C, López C, Loira I, González C, Bañuelos MA, Tesfaye W, Suárez-Lepe JA, Morata A. Improvement of Must Fermentation from Late Harvest cv. Tempranillo Grapes Treated with Pulsed Light. Foods 2021; 10:1416. [PMID: 34207285 PMCID: PMC8234009 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed light irradiation is a nonthermal technology currently used for the elimination of pathogens from a diverse range of food products. In the last two decades, the results obtained using PL at laboratory scale are encouraging wine experts to use it in the winemaking industry. PL can reduce native yeast counts significantly, which facilitates the use of starter cultures, reducing SO2 requirements at the same time. In this experimental set up, Tempranillo grapes were subjected to pulsed light treatment, and the fermentative performance of non-Saccharomyces yeasts belonging to the species Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Lachancea thermotolerans, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Hanseniaspora vineae was monitored in sequential fermentations against spontaneous fermentation and pure culture fermentation with the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The experimental analyses comprised the determination of anthocyanin (High performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector-HPLC-DAD), polyphenol index and colour (Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy-UV-Vis spectrophotometer), fermentation-derived volatiles (Gas chromatography with flame ionization detector-GC-FID), oenological parameters (Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy-FT-IR) and structural damage of the skin (atomic force microscopy-AFM). The results showed a decrease of 1.2 log CFU/mL yeast counts after pulsed light treatment and more rapid and controlled fermentation kinetics in musts from treated grapes than in untreated samples. The fermentations done with treated grapes allowed starter cultures to better implant in the must, although a larger anthocyanin loss (up to 93%) and an increase in hue values (1 unit) towards more yellow hues were observed for treated grapes. The development of biomass was larger in musts from treated grapes. The profile of volatile compounds and oenological parameters reveals that fermentations carried out with untreated grapes are prone to deviations from native microbiota (e.g., production of lactic acid). Finally, no severe damage on the skin was observed with the AFM on treated grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Escott
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.); (I.L.); (C.G.); (W.T.); (J.A.S.-L.); (A.M.)
| | - Carmen López
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.); (I.L.); (C.G.); (W.T.); (J.A.S.-L.); (A.M.)
| | - Iris Loira
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.); (I.L.); (C.G.); (W.T.); (J.A.S.-L.); (A.M.)
| | - Carmen González
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.); (I.L.); (C.G.); (W.T.); (J.A.S.-L.); (A.M.)
| | - María Antonia Bañuelos
- Biotechnology and Vegetal Biology Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Wendu Tesfaye
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.); (I.L.); (C.G.); (W.T.); (J.A.S.-L.); (A.M.)
| | - José Antonio Suárez-Lepe
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.); (I.L.); (C.G.); (W.T.); (J.A.S.-L.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Morata
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.); (I.L.); (C.G.); (W.T.); (J.A.S.-L.); (A.M.)
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Bañuelos MA, Loira I, Guamis B, Escott C, Del Fresno JM, Codina-Torrella I, Quevedo JM, Gervilla R, Chavarría JMR, de Lamo S, Ferrer-Gallego R, Álvarez R, González C, Suárez-Lepe JA, Morata A. White wine processing by UHPH without SO 2. Elimination of microbial populations and effect in oxidative enzymes, colloidal stability and sensory quality. Food Chem 2020; 332:127417. [PMID: 32629332 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of UHPH sterilization in the absence of SO2 has been used to eliminate wild microorganisms and inactivate oxidative enzymes. A white must of the Muscat of Alexandria grape variety was continuously processed by UHPH at 300 MPa (inlet temperature: 23-25 °C). The initial microbial load of the settled must was 4-log CFU/mL for both yeast and moulds, and slightly lower for bacteria. After UHPH processing, no microorganisms were detected in 1 mL. UHPH musts remain without fermentative activity for more than 60 days. Concentrations of the thermal markers indicated the absence of thermal damage in the UHPH-treated musts, since 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was not detected. In addition, the must treated by UHPH keeps terpene concentrations similar to those of the untreated controls. A strong inactivation of the oxidative enzymes was observed, with no browning at room temperature for more than 3 days. The antioxidant value of the UHPH-treated must was 156% higher than the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mª Antonia Bañuelos
- Dept. Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Loira
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Buenaventura Guamis
- Centre d'Innovació, Recerca i Transferència en Tecnologia dels Aliments (CIRTTA), TECNIO, XaRTA, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carlos Escott
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Del Fresno
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Idoia Codina-Torrella
- Centre d'Innovació, Recerca i Transferència en Tecnologia dels Aliments (CIRTTA), TECNIO, XaRTA, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joan Miquel Quevedo
- SPTA-Servei Planta Tecnologia Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, c/ de l'Hospital S/N, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Gervilla
- SPTA-Servei Planta Tecnologia Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, c/ de l'Hospital S/N, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sergi de Lamo
- VITEC, Centro Tecnológico del Vino, 43730 Falset, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Rocío Álvarez
- Dept. Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen González
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Suárez-Lepe
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Morata
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Loira I, Morata A, Escott C, Del Fresno JM, Tesfaye W, Palomero F, Suárez-Lepe JA. Applications of nanotechnology in the winemaking process. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Del Fresno JM, Morata A, Loira I, Escott C, Suárez Lepe JA. Evolution of the Phenolic Fraction and Aromatic Profile of Red Wines Aged in Oak Barrels. ACS Omega 2020; 5:7235-7243. [PMID: 32280864 PMCID: PMC7143435 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Various changes occur in red wine during aging in oak barrels. Among these, the variation of the polyphenolic fraction and the transfer of aromatic compounds to the wine from oak wood are of great importance. The aim of the present work is to compare the chemical composition of wines aged in different new oak barrels with similar commercial denominations. During 8 months, the total polyphenol index (TPI), color parameters, anthocyanins and pyranoanthocyanins, and wood aromatic compounds were periodically evaluated. The measurement of the TPI and color parameters was similar in all wines, but significant differences were found in total anthocyanin and vitisin content and in certain aromatic compounds belonging to volatile phenols, furanic compounds, and phenolic aldehydes. The results obtained indicate the need for the winemaker to carry out preliminary tests in order to be able to choose the wood that best suits the sensorial profile of the wine.
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Morata A, Escott C, Bañuelos MA, Loira I, del Fresno JM, González C, Suárez-Lepe JA. Contribution of Non- Saccharomyces Yeasts to Wine Freshness. A Review. Biomolecules 2019; 10:E34. [PMID: 31881724 PMCID: PMC7022396 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshness, although it is a concept difficult to define in wines, can be understood as a combination of different circumstances. Organolepticwise, bluish red, floral and fruity, more acidic and full-bodied wines, are perceived as younger and fresher by consumers. In traditional winemaking processes, these attributes are hard to boost if no other technology or biotechnology is involved. In this regard, the right selection of yeast strains plays an important role in meeting these parameters and obtaining wines with fresher profiles. Another approach in getting fresh wines is through the use of novel non-thermal technologies during winemaking. Herein, the contributions of non-Saccharomyces yeasts and emerging technologies to these parameters are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Morata
- enotecUPM, Department of Chemistry and Food Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.E.); (I.L.); (J.M.d.F.); (C.G.); (J.A.S.-L.)
| | - Carlos Escott
- enotecUPM, Department of Chemistry and Food Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.E.); (I.L.); (J.M.d.F.); (C.G.); (J.A.S.-L.)
| | - María Antonia Bañuelos
- enotecUPM, Department of Biotecnology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Iris Loira
- enotecUPM, Department of Chemistry and Food Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.E.); (I.L.); (J.M.d.F.); (C.G.); (J.A.S.-L.)
| | - Juan Manuel del Fresno
- enotecUPM, Department of Chemistry and Food Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.E.); (I.L.); (J.M.d.F.); (C.G.); (J.A.S.-L.)
| | - Carmen González
- enotecUPM, Department of Chemistry and Food Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.E.); (I.L.); (J.M.d.F.); (C.G.); (J.A.S.-L.)
| | - José Antonio Suárez-Lepe
- enotecUPM, Department of Chemistry and Food Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.E.); (I.L.); (J.M.d.F.); (C.G.); (J.A.S.-L.)
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12
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Morata A, Escott C, Loira I, Del Fresno JM, González C, Suárez-Lepe JA. Influence of Saccharomyces and non- Saccharomyces Yeasts in the Formation of Pyranoanthocyanins and Polymeric Pigments during Red Wine Making. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244490. [PMID: 31817948 PMCID: PMC6943737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast are able to modulate many sensory parameters of wines during red must fermentation. The effect on color and on the formation of derived pigments during fermentation has been studied thoroughly since the 90s. Yeast can increase grape anthocyanin’s color by acidification by hyperchromic effect (increase of flavylium molecules). Recent studies with non-Saccharomyces species, as Lachancea thermotolerans, described the intense effect of some strains on anthocyanin’s color, and subsequent, stability, by strongly reducing wine’s pH during fermentation. Moreover, selected yeast strains of Saccharomyces have been shown to release metabolites such as pyruvic acid or acetaldehyde that promote the formation of vitisin A and B pyranoanthocyanins during must fermentation. Schizosaccharomyces pombe, because of its specific metabolism, can produce higher concentrations of pyruvate, which enhances the formation of vitisin A-type derivatives. The hydroxycinnamate decarboxylase activity that some Saccharomyces strains express during fermentation also promotes the formation of vinylphenolic derivatives. Some non-Saccharomyces species, such as S. pombe or P. guilliermondii can also improve the production of these derivatives compared to selected strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Lastly, some yeasts are also able to modulate the formations of polymeric pigments between grape anthocyanins and flavonoids, such as catechins and procyanidins.
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13
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Escott C, Madden N, Schreibmann E, Tian S, Cassidy R, Sutter A, Whitaker D, Switchenko J, Pfister N, Xu K, Force S, Ramalingam S, Curran W, Higgins K, Patel P. Radiomic Analysis of Radiation Induced Fibrosis Following Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Del Fresno JM, Morata A, Ricardo‐da‐Silva JM, Escott C, Loira I, Lepe JAS. Modification of the polyphenolic and aromatic fractions of red wines aged on lees assisted with ultrasound. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Del Fresno
- Chemistry and Food Technology Department Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica Alimentaria y de Biosistemas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Antonio Morata
- Chemistry and Food Technology Department Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica Alimentaria y de Biosistemas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Jorge M. Ricardo‐da‐Silva
- LEAF‐ Linking Landscape Environment, Agriculture and Food Instituto Superior de Agronomia Tapada da Ajuda Universidade de Lisboa 1349‐017 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Carlos Escott
- Chemistry and Food Technology Department Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica Alimentaria y de Biosistemas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Iris Loira
- Chemistry and Food Technology Department Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica Alimentaria y de Biosistemas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - José Antonio Suárez‐ Lepe
- Chemistry and Food Technology Department Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica Alimentaria y de Biosistemas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid Spain
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15
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Del Fresno JM, Morata A, Escott C, Loira I, Cuerda R, Suárez-Lepe JA. Sonication of Yeast Biomasses to Improve the Ageing on Lees Technique in Red Wines. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030635. [PMID: 30759718 PMCID: PMC6385107 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing on Lees (AOL) is a technique to improve the aromatic and gustatory complexity of wine, mainly by improving its body and reducing its astringency. However, the autolytic process is slow, resulting in high production costs. This work evaluated the effect of adding sonicated lees and combining it with oak chips, as a new technique to accelerate the AOL process and improve the aromatic quality of aged red wine. Cell disruption due to sonication was verified by optical microscopy. Volatile acidity, total polyphenol index, color intensity, tonality, dissolved oxygen, anthocyanins, and fermentative volatiles were monitored throughout the ageing of the wines. Sensory analysis was performed at the end of the ageing process. Polysaccharides released from the cell walls and the oxygen consumption, was quantified using a hydroalcoholic solution. The results indicated a 20% increase of the polysaccharide content and suggested an increase in the antioxidant capacity of the lees. No significant changes were observed in the fermentative volatile compounds and the total polyphenol index (TPI), except for those wines in contact with wood. The sonication of lees had some protective effect on the total anthocyanins content, however, color intensity was significantly lower in the sonicated treatments. The sonication of the lees did not cause any defect at the sensory level. Therefore, sonication could allow a reduction in the SO₂ addition to wine, as well as a shortening of the ageing times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Del Fresno
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Morata
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Escott
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Iris Loira
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Cuerda
- Comenge Bodegas y Viñedos SA, Curiel de Duero, 47316 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Suárez-Lepe
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Escott C, Morata A, Zamora F, Loira I, del Fresno JM, Suárez-Lepe JA. Study of the Interaction of Anthocyanins with Phenolic Aldehydes in a Model Wine Solution. ACS Omega 2018; 3:15575-15581. [PMID: 31458213 PMCID: PMC6643805 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes may be present in wines as a result of metabolic processes during wine fermentation or through oxidation and extraction from wood during wine aging in oak barrels. Apart from acetaldehyde, the most abundant aldehyde in wine, other aldehydes such as furfural and more recently vanillin have shown to contribute to the formation of more stable pigments. The copigmentation effect of phenolic molecules, including flavanols and anthocyanins themselves, has been previously evaluated in wine and model solutions, and even the effect of aldehydes related to wine aging has been documented at different pHs and molar ratios. The copigmentation phenomenon is observed by hyperchromic effects and bathochromic shifts of λmax, and, in the same time, the presence of larger molecular weight pigments, potentially less susceptible to degradation, was followed up. This experimental work intended to evaluate the potential of five different aldehydes, all of which are safe for human consumption and are used in the food industry, to the formation of pyranoanthocyanin-like and polymeric pigments in the model solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Escott
- EnotecUPM,
Departamento de Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, Escuela
Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria
y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica
de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Morata
- EnotecUPM,
Departamento de Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, Escuela
Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria
y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica
de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Zamora
- TECNENOL—Tecnologia
Enològica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia,
Facultat d’Enologia de Tarragona, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcelí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Iris Loira
- EnotecUPM,
Departamento de Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, Escuela
Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria
y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica
de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel del Fresno
- EnotecUPM,
Departamento de Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, Escuela
Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria
y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica
de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Suárez-Lepe
- EnotecUPM,
Departamento de Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, Escuela
Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria
y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica
de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Tian S, Schreibmann E, Goyal S, Rupji M, Cassidy R, Escott C, Ferris M, Patel P, Curran W, Higgins K. P2.03-07 Radiomic Signatures Linked to Genetic Alterations as Detected by Next-Generation Sequencing: A Radiogenomics Analysis of Early-Stage NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Escott C, Del Fresno JM, Loira I, Morata A, Tesfaye W, González MDC, Suárez-Lepe JA. Formation of polymeric pigments in red wines through sequential fermentation of flavanol-enriched musts with non-Saccharomyces yeasts. Food Chem 2017; 239:975-983. [PMID: 28873660 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-Saccharomyces yeasts may contribute to enrich wine aroma while promoting the formation of stable pigments. Yeast metabolites such as acetaldehyde and pyruvate participate in the formation of stable pigments during fermentation and wine aging. This work evaluated the formation of polymeric pigments in red musts added with (+)-Catechin, ProcyanidinB2 and ProcyanidinC1. The non-Saccharomyces yeasts used were Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Torulaspora delbrueckii in sequential fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Use of Lachancea thermotolerans led to larger amounts of polymeric pigments in sequential fermentation. (+)-Catechin is the flavanol prone to forming such pigments. The species Metschnikowia pulcherrima produced higher concentration of esters and total volatile compounds. The sensory analysis pointed out differences in fruitiness and aroma quality. The results obtained strengthen the fact that metabolites from non-Saccharomyces yeasts may contribute to form stable polymeric pigments while also influencing wine complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Escott
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, School of Agronomic, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Manuel Del Fresno
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, School of Agronomic, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Loira
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, School of Agronomic, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Morata
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, School of Agronomic, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Wendu Tesfaye
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, School of Agronomic, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen González
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, School of Agronomic, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Suárez-Lepe
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, School of Agronomic, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Del Fresno JM, Morata A, Loira I, Bañuelos MA, Escott C, Benito S, González Chamorro C, Suárez-Lepe JA. Use of non-Saccharomyces in single-culture, mixed and sequential fermentation to improve red wine quality. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Escott C, Vaquero C, del Fresno JM, Bañuelos MA, Loira I, Han SY, Bi Y, Morata A, Suárez-Lepe JA. Pulsed Light Effect in Red Grape Quality and Fermentation. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-017-1921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Chen K, Escott C, Loira I, Del Fresno JM, Morata A, Tesfaye W, Calderon F, Benito S, Suárez-Lepe JA. The Effects of Pre-Fermentative Addition of Oenological Tannins on Wine Components and Sensorial Qualities of Red Wine. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111445. [PMID: 27809234 PMCID: PMC6272987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Today in the wine industry, oenological tannins are widely used to improve wine quality and prevent oxidation in wine aging. With the development of tannin products, new oenological tannins are developed with many specific functions, such as modifying antioxidant effect, colour stabilization and aroma modifications. The aim of this work is to investigate effects of pre-fermentative addition of oenological tannins on wine colour, anthocyanins, volatile compounds and sensorial properties. In this case, Syrah juice was extracted with classic flash thermovinification from fresh must in order to release more colour and tannins. Three types of oenological tannins, which are, respectively, derived from grape skin, seed (Vitis vinifera) and French oak (Quercus robur and Querrus petraea), were selected to carry out the experiments with seven treatments. Results indicated that tannin treatments significantly improved wine aroma complexity and sensorial properties. However, the concentration of some stable pigments such as Vitisin A, Vitisin A-Ac and Vitisin B was negatively affected by tannin additions. Nevertheless, by means of cluster analysis and principal component analysis, it was observed that higher alcohols were significantly promoted by grape seed tannin while most anthocyanins can be improved by addition of grape tannins. In conclusion, low amount of oenological tannin derived from grape seed is a promising method to be applied especially for young red wine making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Chemistry and Food Technologies Department, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Escott
- Chemistry and Food Technologies Department, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Iris Loira
- Chemistry and Food Technologies Department, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Manuel Del Fresno
- Chemistry and Food Technologies Department, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Morata
- Chemistry and Food Technologies Department, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Wendu Tesfaye
- Chemistry and Food Technologies Department, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Calderon
- Chemistry and Food Technologies Department, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Santiago Benito
- Chemistry and Food Technologies Department, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose Antonio Suárez-Lepe
- Chemistry and Food Technologies Department, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Escott C, Morata A, Loira I, Tesfaye W, Suarez-Lepe JA. Characterization of polymeric pigments and pyranoanthocyanins formed in microfermentations of non-Saccharomyces yeasts. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:1346-1356. [PMID: 27511798 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the influence of non-Saccharomyces yeasts on the pyranoanthocyanins and polymeric pigments formation after the addition of (+)-catechin and procyanidin B2 to fresh red grape must. METHODS AND RESULTS The fermentation of red grape musts was done with non-Saccharomyces yeasts either alone or in sequential fermentations with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species. The characterization of both pyranoanthocyanin and polymeric pigments has been carried out with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS). Red wines were also characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography (GC-FID) and spectrophotometry (UV-Vis). It has been observed that fermentation with the species Schizosaccharomyces pombe led to higher concentrations of pigments of all types: anthocyanins, polymeric pigments and pyranoanthocyanins, particularly vitisin A. CONCLUSIONS The use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts improve the formation of stable pigments in red wines thanks to the differences in the microbial metabolism from among the yeasts studied. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Colour stability as one of the main organoleptic properties in red wines, may be improved by the controlled use of selected non-Saccharomyces yeasts during red must fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Escott
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, Technical College of Agronomic Engineers, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Morata
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, Technical College of Agronomic Engineers, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - I Loira
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, Technical College of Agronomic Engineers, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - W Tesfaye
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, Technical College of Agronomic Engineers, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Suarez-Lepe
- enotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, Technical College of Agronomic Engineers, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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James S, Escott C, Gardner A, Amanam I, Chan J. Trends and Outcomes in the Use of Radiation Therapy in Stage I Uterine Cancer: A Study of 3139 Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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