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Wiśniewski M, Babirye P, Musubika C, Papakonstantinou E, Kirimunda S, Łaźniewski M, Szczepińska T, Joloba ML, Eliopoulos E, Bongcam-Rudloff E, Vlachakis D, Kumar Halder A, Plewczyński D, Wayengera M. Use of in silico approaches, synthesis and profiling of Pan-filovirus GP-1,2 preprotein specific antibodies. Brief Funct Genomics 2024:elae012. [PMID: 38605526 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermolecular interactions of protein-protein complexes play a principal role in the process of discovering new substances used in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. Among such complexes of proteins, we have to mention antibodies; they interact with specific antigens of two genera of single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the family Filoviridae-Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus; both cause rare but fatal viral hemorrhagic fever in Africa, with pandemic potential. In this research, we conduct studies aimed at the design and evaluation of antibodies targeting the filovirus glycoprotein precursor GP-1,2 to develop potential targets for the pan-filovirus easy-to-use rapid diagnostic tests. The in silico research using the available 3D structure of the natural antibody-antigen complex was carried out to determine the stability of individual protein segments in the process of its formation and maintenance. The computed free binding energy of the complex and its decomposition for all amino acids allowed us to define the residues that play an essential role in the structure and indicated the spots where potential antibodies can be improved. Following that, the study involved targeting six epitopes of the filovirus GP1,2 with two polyclonal antibodies (pABs) and 14 monoclonal antibodies (mABs). The evaluation conducted using Enzyme Immunoassays tested 62 different sandwich combinations of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), identifying 10 combinations that successfully captured the recombinant GP1,2 (rGP). Among these combinations, the sandwich option (3G2G12* - (rGP) - 2D8F11) exhibited the highest propensity for capturing the rGP antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Wiśniewski
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peace Babirye
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Old Mulago Hill Road P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Carol Musubika
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Old Mulago Hill Road P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Genetics Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology,Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 7511855 Athens, Greece
| | - Samuel Kirimunda
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Old Mulago Hill Road P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Michal Łaźniewski
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Szczepińska
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Moses L Joloba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Old Mulago Hill Road P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Elias Eliopoulos
- Genetics Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology,Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 7511855 Athens, Greece
| | - Erik Bongcam-Rudloff
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bioinformatics section, Swedish University for Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 26, PO Box 7023, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Genetics Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 7511855 Athens, Greece
| | - Anup Kumar Halder
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Plewczyński
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Misaki Wayengera
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Old Mulago Hill Road P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
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Ssekamatte P, Nakibuule M, Nabatanzi R, Egesa M, Musubika C, Bbuye M, Hepworth MR, Doherty DG, Cose S, Biraro IA. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Latent Tuberculosis Infection Moderately Influence Innate Lymphoid Cell Immune Responses in Uganda. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716819. [PMID: 34512639 PMCID: PMC8432960 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor for the acquisition of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) and development of active tuberculosis (ATB), although the immunological basis for this susceptibility remains poorly characterised. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) immune responses to TB infection in T2DM comorbidity is anticipated to be reduced. We compared ILC responses (frequency and cytokine production) among adult patients with LTBI and T2DM to patients (13) with LTBI only (14), T2DM only (10) and healthy controls (11). Methods Using flow cytometry, ILC phenotypes were categorised based on (Lin−CD127+CD161+) markers into three types: ILC1 (Lin−CD127+CD161+CRTH2-CD117−); ILC2 (Lin−CD127+CD161+CRTH2+) and ILC3 (Lin−CD127+CD161+CRTH2−NKp44+/−CD117+). ILC responses were determined using cytokine production by measuring percentage expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) for ILC1, interleukin (IL)-13 for ILC2, and IL-22 for ILC3. Glycaemic control among T2DM patients was measured using glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Data were analysed using FlowJo version 10.7.1, and GraphPad Prism version 8.3. Results Compared to healthy controls, patients with LTBI and T2DM had reduced frequencies of ILC2 and ILC3 respectively (median (IQR): 0.01 (0.005-0.04) and 0.002 (IQR; 0.002-0.007) and not ILC1 (0.04 (0.02-0.09) as expected. They also had increased production of IFN-γ [median (IQR): 17.1 (5.6-24.9)], but decreased production of IL-13 [19.6 (12.3-35.1)]. We however found that patients with T2DM had lower ILC cytokine responses in general but more marked for IL-22 production (median (IQR): IFN-γ 9.3 (4.8-22.6); IL-13 22.2 (14.7-39.7); IL-22 0.7 (IQR; 0.1-2.1) p-value 0.02), which highlights the immune suppression status of T2DM. We also found that poor glycaemic control altered ILC immune responses. Conclusion This study demonstrates that LTBI and T2DM, and T2DM were associated with slight alterations of ILC immune responses. Poor T2DM control also slightly altered these ILC immune responses. Further studies are required to assess if these responses recover after treatment of either TB or T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Ssekamatte
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Marjorie Nakibuule
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute (MRC/UVRI) and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Rose Nabatanzi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses Egesa
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute (MRC/UVRI) and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.,Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, LSHTM, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Musubika
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mudarshiru Bbuye
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Matthew R Hepworth
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation and Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephen Cose
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute (MRC/UVRI) and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Irene Andia Biraro
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute (MRC/UVRI) and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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Babirye P, Musubika C, Kirimunda S, Downing R, Lutwama JJ, Mbidde EK, Weyer J, Paweska JT, Joloba ML, Wayengera M. Identity and validity of conserved B cell epitopes of filovirus glycoprotein: towards rapid diagnostic testing for Ebola and possibly Marburg virus disease. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:498. [PMID: 30285648 PMCID: PMC6171133 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3409-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus are genera of the virus family Filoviridae. Filoviruses cause rare but fatal viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) in remote villages of equatorial Africa with potential for regional and international spread. Point-of-care (POC) rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are critical for early epidemic detection, reponse and control. There are 2 RDTs for Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV), but not other Ebolavirus spp. or Marburg marburgvirus (MARV). We validate 3 conserved B cell epitopes of filovirus glycoprotein (GP) using ebola virus diseases (EVD) survivor samples, towards devising pan-filovirus RDTs. Methods In-silico Immuno-informatics:- (a) multiple and basic local alignments of amino-acid sequences of filovirus (4 Ebolavirus spp. & MARV) Gp1, 2 and epitope prediction and conservation analyses within context of ClusterW, BLAST-P and the immune epitope database analysis resource (IEDB-AR); alongside (b) in-vitro enzyme immuno-assays (EIAs) for SUDV Gp1, 2 antigen and host-specific antibodies (IgM and IgG) among 94 gamma irradiated EVD survivor serum and 9 negative controls. Results Linear B cell epitopes were present across the entire length of all Gp1, 2, most lying in the region between amino acids positioned 350 and 500. Three seperate epitopes 97/80_GAFFLYDRLAST, 39_YEAGEWAENCY and 500_CGLRQLANETTQALQLFLRATTELR (designated UG-Filo-Peptide− 1, 2 and 3 respectively) were conserved within all studied filovirus species Gp1, 2. Gp1, 2 host specific IgM levels were comparably low (av. ODs < 0.04 [95% CI: 0.02837 to 0.04033]) among the 9 negative controls and 57 survivor samples analyzed. Host specific IgG levels, on the other hand, were elevated (av. ODs > 1.7525 [95% CI: 0.3010 to 3.1352]) among the 92 survivor samples relative to the 9 negative controls (av. ODs < 0.2.321 [95% CI: -0.7596 to 0.5372]). Filovirus Gp1, 2 antigen was not detected [av. ODs < 0.20] within EVD survivor serum relative to recombinant protein positive controls [av. ODs = 0.50]. Conclusions These conserved B cell epitopes of filovirus Gp1, 2 and their derivative antibodies are promising for research and development of RDTs for EVD, with potential for extension to detect MVD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3409-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peace Babirye
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Carol Musubika
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Samuel Kirimunda
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert Downing
- Arbovirology and Filovirology Laboratories/Centers for Disease Control-CDC, Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Julian J Lutwama
- Arbovirology and Filovirology Laboratories/Centers for Disease Control-CDC, Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Edward K Mbidde
- Arbovirology and Filovirology Laboratories/Centers for Disease Control-CDC, Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Jacqueline Weyer
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johanesburg, South Africa
| | - Janusz T Paweska
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johanesburg, South Africa
| | - Moses L Joloba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Misaki Wayengera
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda. .,Unit of Genetics & Genomics & Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
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Okee M, Bayiyana A, Musubika C, Joloba ML, Ashaba-Katabazi F, Bagaya B, Wayengera M. In Vitro Transduction and Target-Mutagenesis Efficiency of HIV-1 pol Gene Targeting ZFN and CRISPR/Cas9 Delivered by Various Plasmids and/or Vectors: Toward an HIV Cure. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2018; 34:88-102. [PMID: 29183134 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficiency of artificial restriction enzymes toward curing HIV has only been separately examined, using differing delivery vehicles. We compared the in vitro transduction and target-mutagenesis efficiency of consortium plasmid and adenoviral vector delivered HIV-1 pol gene targeting zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) with CRISPR/Cas, Custom-ZFN, CRISPR-Cas-9, and plasmids and vectors (murCTSD_pZFN, pGS-U-gRNA, pCMV-Cas-D01A, Ad5-RGD); cell lines (TZM-bl and ACH-2/J-Lat cells); and the latency reversing agents prostratin, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, and phorbol myristate acetate. Cell lines were grown in either Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium or Roswell Park Memorial Institute with the antibiotics kanamycin, zeocin, and efavirenz. Efficiency was assayed by GFP/luciferase activity and/or validated by yeast MEL1 reporter assay, CEL1 restriction fragment assay, and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Ad5-RGD vectors had better transduction efficiency than murCTSD and pGS-U-gRNA/pCMV-Cas-D01A plasmids. CRISPR/Cas9 exhibited better target-mutagenesis efficiency relative to ZFN (delivered by either plasmid or Ad5 vector) based on gel electrophoresis of pol gene amplicons within ACH-2 and J-Lat cells. Ad-5-RGD vectors enhanced target mutagenesis of ZFN, relative to murCTSD_pZFN plasmids, to levels of CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids. Similar reduction of luciferase activity among TZM-bl treated with Ad5-ZFN vectors relative to CRISPR/Cas-9 and murCTSD_pZFN plasmids was observed on challenge with HIV-1. qRT-PCR of HIV-1 pol gene transcripts affirmed that Ad5 (RGD) vectors enhanced target mutagenesis of ZFN. Whereas CRISPR/Cas-9 may possess inherent superior target-mutagenesis efficiency; the efficiency of ZFN (off-target toxicity withstanding) can be enhanced by altering delivery vehicle from plasmid to Ad5 (RGD) vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Okee
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alice Bayiyana
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Carol Musubika
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses L. Joloba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Fred Ashaba-Katabazi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bernard Bagaya
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Misaki Wayengera
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Wayengera M, Mwebaza I, Welishe J, Bayiyana A, Kateete DP, Wampande E, Kirimunda S, Kigozi E, Katabazi F, Musubika C, Kyobe S, Babirye P, Asiimwe B, Joloba ML. Immuno-diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum, and reduction of timelines for its positive cultures to within 3 h by pathogen-specific thymidylate kinase expression assays. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:368. [PMID: 28789704 PMCID: PMC5549350 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laboratory diagnosis of Tuberculosis (TB) is traditionally based on microscopy and or culture. Microscopy is however, only sensitive to a specified degree of bacillary load not present in HIV co-infected persons. Traditional cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), on the other hand, take weeks to read—thereby delaying the critical decision whether or not, to treat. Although nucleic acids amplification tests (NAATS) applied directly on sputum or cultures can increase the sensitivity for TB diagnosis among those with HIV co-infection as well as reduce time-lines for positive culture detection, they do not replace the need for smear microscopy and culture. We have previously proposed the M. tb DNA-synthetic enzyme thymidylate kinase (aka TMKmt) as an organism-specific growth and proliferation biomarker to reduce time-lines for detection of positive TB cultures. In this study, we explored the secretory levels of TMKmt in M. tb cultures and sputum, towards improving the overall laboratory diagnosis of TB. Methods and results Modelling of TMKmt secretion in vitro was done by cloning, expressing and SDS-PAGE/MALDI-TOF detection of purified recombinant TMKmt in E. coli. TMKmt expression profiling in M. tb was done by qRT-PCR assay of related messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNA) and TMKmt antigen detection by Enzyme linked Immuno-absorbent Assay (EIA) among cultures of a pathogenic wild-type Ugandan strain (genotype 1) alongside the H37Rv laboratory strain. Owing to the high-load of pathogen in-culture, direct EIA on limiting dilutions of sputum were done to examine for assay sensitivity. A rise in TMKmt antigen levels was observed at 3 h post-innoculation among in vitro cultures of E. coli. The 1st of several cyclic spikes in TMKmt mRNA and antigen levels were detected at 2.5 h among in vitro cultures of the pathogenic wild-type Ugandan isolate alongside the laboratory M. tb strain. TMKmt antigen was detected up to between 1 × 10−4–1 × 10−5 (containing 10 and 1 CFUs/ml) dilutions of a microscopically designated 1+ (est. Acid Fast Bacillary load of 1 × 105) patient sample. Conclusions Detection of TMKmt expressed mRNA and Ag offers us opportune for instant diagnosis of M. tb in sputum, and reduction of timelines for positive pathogen detection in cultures to within 3 h. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2649-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Wayengera
- Unit of Genetics & Genomics, Dept. of Pathology, School of Biomedical Science, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda. .,Dept of Immunology/Molecular Biology (Mycobacteriology Laboratory), School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda. .,Dept. of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Ivan Mwebaza
- Dept of Immunology/Molecular Biology (Mycobacteriology Laboratory), School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Johnson Welishe
- Dept of Immunology/Molecular Biology (Mycobacteriology Laboratory), School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alice Bayiyana
- Dept of Immunology/Molecular Biology (Mycobacteriology Laboratory), School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.,Dept. of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David P Kateete
- Dept of Immunology/Molecular Biology (Mycobacteriology Laboratory), School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.,Dept. of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eddie Wampande
- Dept of Immunology/Molecular Biology (Mycobacteriology Laboratory), School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.,Dept. of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Samuel Kirimunda
- Dept of Immunology/Molecular Biology (Mycobacteriology Laboratory), School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.,Dept. of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edgar Kigozi
- Dept of Immunology/Molecular Biology (Mycobacteriology Laboratory), School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.,Dept. of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Fred Katabazi
- Dept of Immunology/Molecular Biology (Mycobacteriology Laboratory), School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.,Dept. of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Carol Musubika
- Dept of Immunology/Molecular Biology (Mycobacteriology Laboratory), School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.,Dept. of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Samuel Kyobe
- Dept of Immunology/Molecular Biology (Mycobacteriology Laboratory), School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peace Babirye
- Dept of Immunology/Molecular Biology (Mycobacteriology Laboratory), School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Benon Asiimwe
- Dept of Immunology/Molecular Biology (Mycobacteriology Laboratory), School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.,Dept. of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses L Joloba
- Dept of Immunology/Molecular Biology (Mycobacteriology Laboratory), School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.,Dept. of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P o Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
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Wayengera M, Mwebaza I, Welishe J, Nakimuli C, Kateete DP, Wampande E, Kirimunda S, Bayigga L, Musubika C, Babirye P, Asiimwe B, Joloba ML. Sero-diagnosis of Active Mycobacterium tuberculosis Disease among HIV Co-infected Persons using Thymidylate Kinase based Antigen and Antibody Capture Enzyme Immuno-Assays. Mycobact Dis 2017; 7:241. [PMID: 28856068 PMCID: PMC5573238 DOI: 10.4172/2161-1068.1000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of Active Tuberculosis (ATB) and latent Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infections (LTBI) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) presents formidable challenges. In the past, WHO issued an advisory against the use of existing TB sero-diagnostics. Emerging evidence, however, points to a precision of TB sero-diagnostics based on secretory rather than structural M. tuberculosis antigens. We hypothesized that secretory levels of M. tuberculosis thymidylate kinase (TMKmt) can Designate ATBI from LTBI and no TB (NTB). Here, we report in-house validation studies of levels of TMKmt antigen (Ag) and host specific TMKmt antibody (Ab) amongst HIV +ve and HIV -ve participants. METHODS AND RESULTS Direct TMKmt Ag and host specific IgG Ab detection EIAs were conducted on broadly consented, stored serum (N=281[Ag] vs. 214 [Ab] respective) samples stratified as either HIV +ve or HIV-ve ATB relative to LTBI and No TB. On one hand, UG-peptide 1 and its PAb-based EIAs accurately diagnosed ATB relative to LTBI and NTB among HIV +ve subjects {irrespectively: (a) Ag detection ATB=OD>0.490; 95% CI: 0.7446 to 0.8715 vs. LTBI=OD<0.490; 95% CI 0.4325 to 0.4829 vs. NTB=OD<0.26; 95% CI 0.1675 to 0.2567 and (b) TMKmt specific IgG detection ATB=OD>1.00; 95% CI 1.170 to 1.528 [HIV +ve] and 2.044 to 2.978 [HIV -ve] respectively vs. LTBI=OD<1.00; 95% CI 0.2690 to 0.6396 vs. NTB=OD<; 95% CI 0.1527 to 0.8751}. HIV -ve ATB presented with Ag levels greater than NTB and less than LTBI (i.e. ATB -ve=<0.490 ODs>0.26), but displayed better ant-TMKmt IgG responses (OD>2.00; 95% CI 2.044 to 2.978) relative to HIV +ve ATB (OD<1.600; 95% CI 1.170 to 1.528); suggesting a better control of M. tuberculosis-septicemia. On the other hand, UG-peptide 2 and its PAb-based EIAs did not demonstrate ATB diagnostic potential regardless of HIV sero-status, except towards designating NTB. CONCLUSIONS TMKmt Ab and Ag detecting EIAs based on UG-peptide 1 and its derivative PAb can accurately demarcate ATB from LTBI and NTB among HIV +ve subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Wayengera
- Department of Pathology, Unit of Genetics and Genomics, School of Biomedical Science, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Immunology/Molecular Biology/Mycobacteriology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Uganda
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ivan Mwebaza
- Department of Immunology/Molecular Biology/Mycobacteriology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Uganda
| | - Johnson Welishe
- Department of Immunology/Molecular Biology/Mycobacteriology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Uganda
| | - Cynthia Nakimuli
- Department of Immunology/Molecular Biology/Mycobacteriology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Uganda
| | - David P Kateete
- Department of Immunology/Molecular Biology/Mycobacteriology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Uganda
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eddie Wampande
- Department of Immunology/Molecular Biology/Mycobacteriology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Uganda
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Samuel Kirimunda
- Department of Immunology/Molecular Biology/Mycobacteriology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Uganda
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lois Bayigga
- Department of Immunology/Molecular Biology/Mycobacteriology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Uganda
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Carol Musubika
- Department of Immunology/Molecular Biology/Mycobacteriology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Uganda
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peace Babirye
- Department of Immunology/Molecular Biology/Mycobacteriology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Uganda
| | - Benon Asiimwe
- Department of Immunology/Molecular Biology/Mycobacteriology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Uganda
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses L Joloba
- Department of Immunology/Molecular Biology/Mycobacteriology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Uganda
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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